Investigating the Protective Role of Rhodanese Enzyme against Cyanide,
the Cytotoxic by-product of Amygdalin, in HDF and L929 Cell Lines

Ahmed   Mohammed   Alwan; Jalil   Tavakol   Afshari

doi:10.2174/1570180819666220610101055

Abstract

Introduction: Amygdalin (AMG) is a plant-based agent that has many therapeutic applications. Metabolism of this herbal remedy may cause cytotoxicity in cells.

Objective: In this study, the role of rhodanese (RH) enzyme against the cyanide of amygdalin has been investigated in human and mouse cell lines in vitro.

Methods: We analyzed the cytotoxicity, morphologic changes, apoptotic effects, and gene expression alterations resulting from treatment with AMG and AMG combined with RH (AMG-RH) in mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cell lines.

Results: The lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were 87.95±3.63 mg/ml and 80.82±2.13 mg/ml at 72 h in both cell lines. Cell viability of both cell lines was significantly decreased after AMG treatment; however, it increased following treatment with AMG-RH for 24, 48, and 72 h. Morphological changes were observed in both cell lines after AMG treatment for 72 h. AMG-RH combination did not cause any significant morphological alterations in either cell line.

Conclusion: The apoptosis rates were increased in both cell lines treated with AMG and decreased in AMG-RH treatment for 72 h. BAX, CASP-3, BCL-2, and TST genes were upregulated after treatment with AMG for 72 h in both cell lines. BCL-2 and TST genes were upregulated, while BAX and CASP3 were downregulated after treatment with AMG-RH for 72 h. The findings of this study indicate the IC₅₀ dose of AMG could cause cytotoxicity in HDF and L929 cell lines. Furthermore, it was found that the RH enzyme could decrease AMG cytotoxicity and might have a protective role against AMG.

Keywords: Amygdalin, rhodanese, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, detoxification, cancer.

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Investigating the Protective Role of Rhodanese Enzyme against Cyanide, the Cytotoxic by-product of Amygdalin, in HDF and L929 Cell Lines

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