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Micro and Nanosystems

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ISSN (Print): 1876-4029
ISSN (Online): 1876-4037

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General Review Article

Emerging Nanovaccine Technology: Defense Against Infection by Oral Administration

Author(s): Hitesh Kumar Dewangan*, Akash Raghuvanshi and Kamal Shah

Volume 15, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 20 October, 2022

Page: [46 - 54] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1876402914666220523105129

Price: $65

Abstract

Oral vaccines have been proposed as a potential vaccine against a variety of infections, particularly invading pathogens throughout the GIT. Oral vaccinations targeting the large intestine could be a viable alternative to intracorneal immunizations, which have been shown to be effective against rectogenital infections but are impractical during mass vaccination. Furthermore, the oral route allows the development of humoral and cellular immune responses in both systemic and mucosal locations, resulting in a larger and longer-lasting protective effect. Oral administration, on the other hand, is difficult, needing formulations to overcome the harsh GI efficiency and reduce tolerance induction to obtain adequate protection. This review article highlights the mode of action of oral vaccines, the list of licensed oral vaccine, type of vaccines, and the physiological and immunological barriers to the oral transport of peptides and proteins.

Keywords: Oral vaccine, immunity, mucosal immunity, GI tract, gastrointestinal, administration

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