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Current Protein & Peptide Science

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ISSN (Print): 1389-2037
ISSN (Online): 1875-5550

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Review Article

Deciphering the Role of S-adenosyl Homocysteine Nucleosidase in Quorum Sensing Mediated Biofilm Formation

Author(s): Jyoti Yadav, Satyajeet Das, Suraj Singh, Anupam Jyoti, Vijay Kumar Srivastava, Vinay Sharma, Sanjit Kumar, Sujeet Kumar and Sanket Kaushik*

Volume 23, Issue 4, 2022

Published on: 15 June, 2022

Page: [211 - 225] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220519152507

Price: $65

Abstract

S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) is a protein that plays a crucial role in several pathways of bacteria that are essential for its survival and pathogenesis. In addition to the role of MTAN in methyl-transfer reactions, methionine biosynthesis, and polyamine synthesis, MTAN is also involved in bacterial quorum sensing (QS). In QS, chemical signaling autoinducer (AI) secreted by bacteria assists cell to cell communication and is regulated in a cell density-dependent manner. They play a significant role in the formation of bacterial biofilm. MTAN plays a major role in the synthesis of these autoinducers. Signaling molecules secreted by bacteria, i.e., AI-1 are recognized as acylated homoserine lactones (AHL) that function as signaling molecules within bacteria. QS enables bacteria to establish physical interactions leading to biofilm formation. The formation of biofilm is a primary reason for the development of multidrug-resistant properties in pathogenic bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). In this regard, inhibition of E. faecalis MTAN (EfMTAN) will block the QS and alter the bacterial biofilm formation. In addition to this, it will also block methionine biosynthesis and many other critical metabolic processes. It should also be noted that inhibition of EfMTAN will not have any effect on human beings as this enzyme is not present in humans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural-functional relationship of MTAN. We have also highlighted the current status, enigmas that warrant further studies, and the prospects for identifying potential inhibitors of EfMTAN for the treatment of E. faecalis infections. In addition to this, we have also reported structural studies of EfMTAN using homology modeling and highlighted the putative binding sites of the protein.

Keywords: Biofilms, diseases, microbial-cell interaction, MTAN, quorum sensing, bacteria.

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