Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-5575
ISSN (Online): 1875-5607

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Mini-Review Article

A Concise and Useful Guide to Understand How Alpha1 Adrenoceptor Antagonists Work

Author(s): Sidiane B. da Silva, Sidney G.D. Feitosa, Silvia M. de L. Alves, Ruth C.A. Santos, Janaína V. dos Anjos* and Alice V. Araújo*

Volume 22, Issue 18, 2022

Published on: 10 June, 2022

Page: [2383 - 2405] Pages: 23

DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220504141949

Price: $65

Abstract

Adrenoceptors are the receptors for catecholamines, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They are divided in α (α1 and α2) and β (β1, β2 and β3). α1-adrenoceptors are subdivided in α1A, α1B and α1D. Most tissues express mixtures of α1-adrenoceptors subtypes, which appear to coexist in different densities and ratios, and in most cases, their responses are probably due to the activation of more than one type. The three subtypes of α1-adrenoceptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), specifically coupled to Gq/11. Additionally, the activation of these receptors may activate other signaling pathways or different components of these pathways, which leads to a great variety of possible cellular effects. The first clinically used α1 antagonist was Prazosin for Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH). It was followed by its congeners, Terazosin and Doxazosin. Nowadays, there are many classes of α-adrenergic antagonists with different selectivity profiles. In addition to SAH, the α1-adrenoceptors are used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and urolithiasis. This antagonism may be part of the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants. Moreover, the activation of these receptors may lead to adverse effects such as orthostatic hypotension, similar to what happens with antidepressants and with some antipsychotics. Structure-activity relationships can explain, in part, how antagonists work and how selective they can be for each one of the subtypes. However, it is necessary to develop new molecules which antagonize the α1- adrenoceptors or make chemical modifications in these molecules to improve the selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile and/or reduce the adverse effects of known drugs.

Keywords: Adrenergic receptors, alpha-blockers, hypertension, benign prostate hyperplasia, urolithiasis, vascular reactivity.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Fredriksson, R.; Lagerström, M.C.; Lundin, L.G.; Schiöth, H.B. The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families. Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups, and fingerprints. Mol. Pharmacol., 2003, 63(6), 1256-1272.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.63.6.1256] [PMID: 12761335]
[2]
Pupo, A.S.; Duarte, D.A.; Lima, V.; Teixeira, L.B. Parreiras-E-Silva, L.T.; Costa-Neto, C.M. Recent updates on GPCR biased agonism. Pharmacol. Res., 2016, 112, 49-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.031] [PMID: 26836887]
[3]
Ahlquist, R.P. A study of the adrenotropic receptors. Am. J. Physiol., 1948, 153(3), 586-600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1948.153.3.586] [PMID: 18882199]
[4]
Langer, S.Z. Presynaptic regulation of catecholamine release. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1974, 23(13), 1793-1800.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(74)90187-7] [PMID: 4617579]
[5]
Starke, K.; Montel, H.; Gayk, W.; Merker, R. Comparison of the effects of clonidine on pre- and postsynaptic adrenoceptors in the rabbit pulmonary artery. Alpha-sympathomimetic inhibition of Neurogenic vasoconstriction. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 1974, 285(2), 133-150.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501149] [PMID: 4155791]
[6]
Lands, A.M.; Arnold, A.; McAuliff, J.P.; Luduena, F.P.; Brown, T.G., Jr Differentiation of receptor systems activated by sympathomime-tic amines. Nature, 1967, 214(5088), 597-598.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/214597a0] [PMID: 6036174]
[7]
Morrow, A.L.; Creese, I. Characterization of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in rat brain: A reevaluation of [3H]WB4104 and [3H]prazosin binding. Mol. Pharmacol., 1986, 29(4), 321-330.
[PMID: 3010073]
[8]
Hieble, J.P.; Ruffolo, R.R. Jr Possible structural and functional relationships between imidazoline receptors and alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1995, 763(1), 8-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32387.x] [PMID: 7677390]
[9]
Du, L.; Li, M. Modeling the interactions between alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors and their antagonists. Curr. Computeraided Drug Des., 2010, 6(3), 165-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340910791760082] [PMID: 20412040]
[10]
Zhong, H.; Minneman, K.P. Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1999, 375(1-3), 261-276.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00222-8] [PMID: 10443582]
[11]
Rokosh, D.G.; Bailey, B.A.; Stewart, A.F.R.; Karns, L.R.; Long, C.S.; Simpson, P.C. Distribution of alpha 1C-adrenergic receptor mRNA in adult rat tissues by RNase protection assay and comparison with alpha 1B and alpha 1D. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994, 200(3), 1177-1184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1575] [PMID: 8185565]
[12]
Scofield, M.A.; Liu, F.; Abel, P.W.; Jeffries, W.B. Quantification of steady state expression of mRNA for alpha-1 adrenergic receptor sub-types using reverse transcription and a competitive polymerase chain reaction. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1995, 275(2), 1035-1042.
[PMID: 7473130]
[13]
Docherty, J.R. The pharmacology of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2019, 855, 305-320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.047] [PMID: 31067439]
[14]
Koshimizu, T.A.; Yamauchi, J.; Hirasawa, A.; Tanoue, A.; Tsujimoto, G. Recent progress in alpha 1-adrenoceptor pharmacology. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2002, 25(4), 401-408.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.401] [PMID: 11995914]
[15]
Hwa, J.; Graham, R.M.; Perez, D.M. Identification of critical determinants of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype selective agonist binding. J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270(39), 23189-23195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.39.23189] [PMID: 7559466]
[16]
Michelotti, G.A.; Price, D.T.; Schwinn, D.A. Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor regulation: Basic science and clinical implications. Pharmacol. Ther., 2000, 88(3), 281-309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(00)00092-9] [PMID: 11337028]
[17]
Piascik, M.T.; Perez, D.M. Alpha1-adrenergic receptors: New insights and directions. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2001, 298(2), 403-410.
[PMID: 11454900]
[18]
Pupo, A.S.; Minneman, K.P. Interaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase with alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in transfected HEK-293 cells. BMC Pharmacol., 2002, 2(17), 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-2-17] [PMID: 12184796]
[19]
Pupo, A.S.; Minneman, K.P. Specific interactions between GC1qR and Α1‐adrenoceptor subtypes. 2003, 23(2-3), 185-195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/RRS-120025200]
[20]
Chen, Z.J.; Minneman, K.P. Recent progress in alpha1-adrenergic receptor research. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2005, 26(11), 1281-1287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00224.x] [PMID: 16225747]
[21]
Kjelsberg, M.A.; Cotecchia, S.; Ostrowski, J.; Caron, M.G.; Lefkowitz, R.J. Constitutive activation of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor by all amino acid substitutions at a single site. Evidence for a region which constrains receptor activation. J. Biol. Chem., 1992, 267(3), 1430-1433.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45962-5] [PMID: 1346134]
[22]
Rossier, O.; Abuin, L.; Fanelli, F.; Leonardi, A.; Cotecchia, S. Inverse agonism and neutral antagonism at alpha(1a)- and alpha(1b)-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Mol. Pharmacol., 1999, 56(5), 858-866.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.56.5.858] [PMID: 10531388]
[23]
Noguera, M.A.; Ivorra, M.D.; D’Ocon, P. Functional evidence of inverse agonism in vascular smooth muscle. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, 119(1), 158-164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15689.x] [PMID: 8872369]
[24]
Gisbert, R.; Ziani, K.; Miquel, R.; Noguera, M.A.; Ivorra, M.D.; Anselmi, E.; D’Ocon, P. Pathological role of a constitutively active popu-lation of alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors in arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2002, 135(1), 206-216.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704447] [PMID: 11786496]
[25]
Gómez-Zamudio, J.; Lázaro-Suárez, M.L.; Villalobos-Molina, R.; Urquiza-Marín, H. Evidence for the use of agonists to characterize alpha 1-adrenoceptors in isolated arteries of the rat. Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc., 2002, 45, 159-160.
[PMID: 12434566]
[26]
Kamikihara, S.Y.; Mueller, A.; Lima, V.; Silva, A.R.T.; da Costa, I.B.; Buratini, J., Jr; Pupo, A.S. Differential distribution of functional alph1-adrenergic receptor subtypes along the rat tail artery. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2005, 314(2), 753-761.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.105.087502] [PMID: 15872040]
[27]
Piascik, M.T.; Guarino, R.D.; Smith, M.S.; Soltis, E.E.; Saussy, D.L., Jr; Perez, D.M. The specific contribution of the novel alpha-1D adrenoceptor to the contraction of vascular smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1995, 275(3), 1583-1589.
[PMID: 8531132]
[28]
Chotani, M.A.; Flavahan, N.A. Intracellular α(2C)-adrenoceptors: Storage depot, stunted development or signaling domain? Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2011, 1813(8), 1495-1503.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.05.006] [PMID: 21605601]
[29]
Chotani, M.A.; Mitra, S.; Eid, A.H.; Han, S.A.; Flavahan, N.A. Distinct CAMP Signaling pathways differentially regulate A2c-adrenoceptor expression: Role in serum induction in human arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2005, 288(1), 69-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01223.2003]
[30]
Gesek, F.A. Stimulation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors increases Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in distal convoluted tubule cells. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 1993, 265(4), 561-568.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1993.265.4.F561]
[31]
Pintérová, M.; Kuneš, J.; Zicha, J.; Pintérová, M. Altered neural and vascular mechanisms in hypertension. Physiol. Res., 2011, 60(3), 381-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.932189] [PMID: 21615201]
[32]
Giovannitti, J.A., Jr; Thoms, S.M.; Crawford, J.J. Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: A review of current clinical applications. Anesth. Prog., 2015, 62(1), 31-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-62.1.31] [PMID: 25849473]
[33]
Naguy, A. Clonidine use in psychiatry: Panacea or panache. Pharmacology, 2016, 98(1-2), 87-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446441] [PMID: 27161101]
[34]
Tam, S.W.; Worcel, M.; Wyllie, M. Yohimbine: A clinical review. Pharmacol. Ther., 2001, 91(3), 215-243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(01)00156-5] [PMID: 11744068]
[35]
Salomonsson, M.; Oker, M.; Kim, S.; Zhang, H.; Faber, J.E.; Arendshorst, W.J. A1-adrenoceptor subtypes on rat afferent arterioles as-sessed by radioligand binding and RT-PCR. Am. J. Physiol. -. Ren. Physiol., 2001, 281(1), 172-178.
[36]
Faber, J.E.; Yang, N.; Xin, X. Expression of α-adrenoceptor subtypes by smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts in rat aorta and in cell culture. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2001, 298(2), 441-452.
[PMID: 11454904]
[37]
Martí, D.; Miquel, R.; Ziani, K.; Gisbert, R.; Ivorra, M. D.; Anselmi, E.; Moreno, L.; Villagrasa, V.; Barettino, D.; D’Ocon, P. Correlation between MRNA levels and functional role of Α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in arteries: Evidence of Α1L as a functional isoform of the Α1A-adrenoceptor. Am. J. Physiol. - Hear. Circ. Physiol., 2005, 289(558–5), H1923-H1932.
[38]
Phillips, J.K.; Vidovic, M.; Hill, C.E. Variation in mRNA expression of alpha-adrenergic, neurokinin and muscarinic receptors amongst four arteries of the rat. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst., 1997, 62(1-2), 85-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1838(96)00114-2] [PMID: 9021654]
[39]
Lachnit, W.G.; Tran, A.M.; Clarke, D.E.; Ford, A.P.D.W. Pharmacological characterization of an alpha 1A-adrenoceptor mediating contrac-tile responses to noradrenaline in isolated caudal artery of rat. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1997, 120(5), 819-826.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0700983] [PMID: 9138687]
[40]
Piascik, M.T.; Hrometz, S.L.; Edelmann, S.E.; Guarino, R.D.; Hadley, R.W.; Brown, R.D. Immunocytochemical localization of the alpha-1B adrenergic receptor and the contribution of this and the other subtypes to vascular smooth muscle contraction: Analysis with selective ligands and antisense oligonucleotides. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1997, 283(2), 854-868.
[PMID: 9353407]
[41]
Gómez-Zamudio, J.H.; Villalobos-Molina, R. Adventitia removal does not modify the alphaID-adrenoceptors response in aorta during hypertension and ageing. Auton. Autacoid Pharmacol., 2009, 29(3), 117-133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2009.00432.x] [PMID: 19566752]
[42]
Kenny, B.A.; Chalmers, D.H.; Philpott, P.C.; Naylor, A.M. Characterization of an alpha 1D-adrenoceptor mediating the contractile respon-se of rat aorta to noradrenaline. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1995, 115(6), 981-986.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15907.x] [PMID: 7582530]
[43]
Schwinn, D.A.; Johnston, G.I.; Page, S.O.; Mosley, M.J.; Wilson, K.H.; Worman, N.P.; Campbell, S.; Fidock, M.D.; Furness, L.M.; Parry-Smith, D.J. Cloning and pharmacological characterization of human alpha-1 adrenergic receptors: Sequence corrections and direct compa-rison with other species homologues. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1995, 272(1), 134-142.
[PMID: 7815325]
[44]
Piascik, M.T.; Kusiak, J.W.; Barron, K.W. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes and the regulation of peripheral hemodynamics in the cons-cious rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1990, 186(2-3), 273-278.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(90)90443-A] [PMID: 1981186]
[45]
Martínez-Salas, S.G.; Campos-Peralta, J.M.; Pares-Hipolito, J.; Gallardo-Ortíz, I.A.; Ibarra, M.; Villalobos-Molina, R. Alpha1A-adrenoceptors predominate in the control of blood pressure in mouse mesenteric vascular bed. Auton. Autacoid Pharmacol., 2007, 27(3), 137-142.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2007.00403.x] [PMID: 17584443]
[46]
Daly, C.J.; Deighan, C.; McGee, A.; Mennie, D.; Ali, Z.; McBride, M.; McGrath, J.C. A knockout approach indicates a minor vasoconstric-tor role for vascular alpha1B-adrenoceptors in mouse. Physiol. Genomics, 2002, 9(2), 85-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00065.2001] [PMID: 12006674]
[47]
Rokosh, D.G.; Simpson, P.C. Knockout of the alpha 1A/C-adrenergic receptor subtype: The alpha 1A/C is expressed in resistance arteries and is required to maintain arterial blood pressure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99(14), 9474-9479.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.132552699] [PMID: 12093905]
[48]
Martínez-Salas, S.G.; Campos-Peralta, J.M.; Pardo, J.P.; Hernández-Muñoz, R.; Ibarra, M.; Tanoue, A.; Tsujimoto, G.; Villalobos-Molina, R. α(1D)-Adrenoceptor regulates the vasopressor action of α(1A)-adrenoceptor in mesenteric vascular bed of α(1D)-adrenoceptor kno-ckout mice. Auton. Autacoid Pharmacol., 2011, 31(3-4), 64-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2011.00468.x] [PMID: 21951586]
[49]
Cavalli, A.; Lattion, A.L.; Hummler, E.; Nenniger, M.; Pedrazzini, T.; Aubert, J.F.; Michel, M.C.; Yang, M.; Lembo, G.; Vecchione, C.; Mostardini, M.; Schmidt, A.; Beermann, F.; Cotecchia, S. Decreased blood pressure response in mice deficient of the A1b-adrenergic receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. The United States Am., 1997, 94(21), 11589-11594.
[50]
Hosoda, C.; Koshimizu, T.A.; Tanoue, A.; Nasa, Y.; Oikawa, R.; Tomabechi, T.; Fukuda, S.; Shinoura, H.; Oshikawa, S.; Takeo, S.; Kita-mura, T.; Cotecchia, S.; Tsujimoto, G. Two alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes regulating the vasopressor response have differential ro-les in blood pressure regulation. Mol. Pharmacol., 2005, 67(3), 912-922.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.104.007500] [PMID: 15598970]
[51]
Boer, C.; Scheffer, G.J.; de Lange, J.J.; Westerhof, N.; Sipkema, P. Alpha-1-adrenoceptor stimulation induces nitric oxide release in rat pulmonary arteries. J. Vasc. Res., 1999, 36(1), 79-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000025628] [PMID: 10050076]
[52]
Zschauer, A.O.A.; Sielczak, M.W.; Smith, D.A.S.; Wanner, A. Norepinephrine-induced contraction of isolated rabbit bronchial artery: Role of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor activation. J. Appl. Physiol., 1997, 82(6), 1918-1925.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.6.1918] [PMID: 9173959]
[53]
Pernomian, L.; Gomes, M.S.; Restini, C.B.A.; Pupo, A.S.; de Oliveira, A.M. Cross-talk with β2 -adrenoceptors enhances ligand affinity properties from endothelial alpha1 D -adrenoceptors that mediates carotid relaxation. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2013, 65(9), 1337-1346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12105] [PMID: 23927472]
[54]
Vinci, M.C.; Bellik, L.; Filippi, S.; Ledda, F.; Parenti, A. Trophic effects induced by α 1D-adrenoceptors on endothelial cells are potentia-ted by hypoxia. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2007, 293(4), 2140-2147.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00390.2007]
[55]
de Andrade, C.R.; Fukada, S.Y.; Olivon, V.C.; de Godoy, M.A.F.; Haddad, R.; Eberlin, M.N.; Cunha, F.Q.; de Souza, H.P.; Laurindo, F.R.M.; de Oliveira, A.M. Alpha1D-adrenoceptor-induced relaxation on rat carotid artery is impaired during the endothelial dysfunction evoked in the early stages of hyperhomocysteinemia. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2006, 543(1-3), 83-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.003] [PMID: 16828078]
[56]
Mendez, E.; Calzada, C.; Ocharan, E.; Sierra, A.; Castillo, C.; Ramirez, I.; Meaney, E.; Meaney, A.; Asbun, J.; Miliar, A.; Herrera, J.; Ceba-llos, G. Differential expression of alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in coronary microvascular endothelial cells in culture. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2006, 546(1-3), 127-133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.070] [PMID: 16904663]
[57]
Jensen, B.C.; Swigart, P.M.; Montgomery, M.D.; Simpson, P.C. Functional alpha-1B adrenergic receptors on human epicardial coronary artery endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 2010, 382(5-6), 475-482.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-010-0558-x] [PMID: 20857090]
[58]
Sigala, S.; Peroni, A.; Mirabella, G.; Fornari, S.; Palazzolo, F.; Pezzotti, G.; Simeone, C.; Cunico, S.C.; Spano, P. Alpha1 adrenoceptor sub-types in human urinary bladder: Sex and regional comparison. Life Sci., 2004, 76(4), 417-427.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.09.008] [PMID: 15530504]
[59]
Malloy, B.J.; Price, D.T.; Price, R.R.; Bienstock, A.M.; Dole, M.K.; Funk, B.L.; Rudner, X.L.; Richardson, C.D.; Donatucci, C.F.; Schwinn, D.A. Alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human detrusor. J. Urol., 1998, 160(3 Pt 1), 937-943.
[PMID: 9720591]
[60]
Peroni, A.; Mirabella, G.; Sigala, S.; Fornari, S.; Palazzolo, F.; Faccoli, S.; Simeone, C.; Pezzotti, G.; Spano, P.F.; Cunico, S.C. Alpha1 adrenoceptor subtypes in human urinary bladder. Urologia, 2005, 72(1), 10-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156030507200104]
[61]
Széll, E.A.; Yamamoto, T.; de Groat, W.C.; Somogyi, G.T. Smooth muscle and parasympathetic nerve terminals in the rat urinary bladder have different subtypes of alpha(1) adrenoceptors. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2000, 130(7), 1685-1691.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0703475] [PMID: 10928975]
[62]
Nasu, K.; Moriyama, N.; Kawabe, K.; Tsujimoto, G.; Murai, M.; Tanaka, T.; Yano, J. Quantification and distribution of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs in human prostate: Comparison of benign hypertrophied tissue and non-hypertrophied tissue. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, 119(5), 797-803.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15742.x] [PMID: 8922723]
[63]
Walden, P.D.; Durkin, M.M.; Lepor, H.; Wetzel, J.M.; Gluchowski, C.; Gustafson, E.L. Localization of mRNA and receptor binding sites for the alpha 1a-adrenoceptor subtype in the rat, monkey and human urinary bladder and prostate. J. Urol., 1997, 157(3), 1032-1038.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65136-X] [PMID: 9072538]
[64]
Lepor, H.; Tang, R.; Kobayashi, S.; Shapiro, E.; Forray, C.; Wetzel, J.M.; Gluchowski, C. Localization of the alpha 1A-adrenoceptor in the human prostate. J. Urol., 1995, 154(6), 2096-2099.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66704-1] [PMID: 7500467]
[65]
Testa, R.; Guarneri, L.; Ibba, M.; Strada, G.; Poggesi, E.; Taddei, C.; Simonazzi, I.; Leonardi, A. Characterization of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in prostate and prostatic urethra of rat, rabbit, dog and man. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1993, 249(3), 307-315.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(93)90527-O] [PMID: 7904564]
[66]
Nishi, K.; Wada, Y.; Saito, M.; Foster, H.E., Jr; Weiss, R.M.; Latifpour, J. Properties of alpha-1-adrenergic receptors in the rat prostate: Effect of experimental diabetes. Urol. Int., 1998, 61(3), 147-153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000030311] [PMID: 9933834]
[67]
Burt, R.P.; Chapple, C.R.; Marshall, I. Evidence for a functional alpha 1A- (alpha 1C-) adrenoceptor mediating contraction of the rat epi-didymal vas deferens and an alpha 1B-adrenoceptor mediating contraction of the rat spleen. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1995, 115(3), 467-475.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16356.x] [PMID: 7582458]
[68]
Morita, T.; Ando, M.; Kihara, K.; Oshima, H. Function and distribution of autonomic receptors in canine ureteral smooth muscle. Neurourol. Urodyn., 1994, 13(3), 315-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6777(1994)13:3<315::AID-NAU1930130313>3.0.CO;2-G] [PMID: 7920688]
[69]
Itoh, Y.; Kojima, Y.; Yasui, T.; Tozawa, K.; Sasaki, S.; Kohri, K. Examination of alpha 1 adrenoceptor subtypes in the human ureter. Int. J. Urol., 2007, 14(8), 749-753.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01812.x] [PMID: 17681068]
[70]
Kobayashi, S.; Tomiyama, Y.; Hoyano, Y.; Yamazaki, Y.; Kusama, H.; Itoh, Y.; Kubota, Y.; Kohri, K. Gene expressions and mechanical functions of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in mouse ureter. World J. Urol., 2009, 27(6), 775-780.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-009-0396-y] [PMID: 19259685]
[71]
Yamada, S.; Ito, Y. A1-adrenoceptors in the urinary tract. Urin. Tract., 2011, 202, 283-306.
[72]
Barendrecht, M.M.; Frazier, E.P.; Vrydag, W.; Alewijnse, A.E.; Peters, S.L.M.; Michel, M.C. The effect of bladder outlet obstruction on alpha1- and β-adrenoceptor expression and function. Neurourol. Urodyn., 2009, 28(4), 349-355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20642] [PMID: 19034955]
[73]
Ishizuka, O.; Imamura, T.; Kurizaki, Y.; Nishizawa, O.; Andersson, K.E. Male lower urinary tract symptoms and α1D-adrenoceptors. Int. J. Urol., 2013, 20(1), 73-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03223.x] [PMID: 23205498]
[74]
Nasu, K.; Moriyama, N.; Fukasawa, R.; Tsujimoto, G.; Tanaka, T.; Yano, J.; Kawabe, K. Quantification and distribution of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs in human proximal urethra. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1998, 123(7), 1289-1293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0701731] [PMID: 9579721]
[75]
Day, H.E.W.; Campeau, S.; Watson, S.J., Jr; Akil, H. Distribution of alpha 1a-, alpha 1b- and alpha 1d-adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat brain and spinal cord. J. Chem. Neuroanat., 1997, 13(2), 115-139.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00042-2] [PMID: 9285356]
[76]
Papay, R.; Gaivin, R.; Jha, A.; McCune, D.F.; McGrath, J.C.; Rodrigo, M.C.; Simpson, P.C.; Doze, V.A.; Perez, D.M. Localization of the mouse alpha1A-adrenergic receptor (AR) in the brain: Alpha1AAR is expressed in neurons, GABAergic interneurons, and NG2 oligoden-drocyte progenitors. J. Comp. Neurol., 2006, 497(2), 209-222.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.20992] [PMID: 16705673]
[77]
Hayes, J.M.; Graham, R.M.; O’Connell, B.P. Letter: Prazosin in hypertension. BMJ, 1974, 4(5936), 108-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.4.5936.108-c] [PMID: 4414349]
[78]
De Mey, J.; Vanhoutte, P.M. Uneven distribution of postjunctional alpha 1-and alpha 2-like adrenoceptors in canine arterial and venous smooth muscle. Circ. Res., 1981, 48(6 Pt 1), 875-884.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.48.6.875] [PMID: 6261986]
[79]
Proudman, R.G.W.; Pupo, A.S.; Baker, J.G. The affinity and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants, and antipsychotics for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol. Res. Perspect., 2020, 8(4), e00602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.602] [PMID: 32608144]
[80]
Sato, S.; Hatanaka, T.; Yuyama, H.; Ukai, M.; Noguchi, Y.; Ohtake, A.; Taguchi, K.; Sasamata, M.; Miyataa, K. Tamsulosin potently and selectively antagonizes human recombinant A1A/1D-adrenoceptors: Slow dissociation from the A1A-adrenoceptor may account for selec-tivity for A1A-adrenoceptor over A1B-adrenoceptor subtype. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2012, 35(1), 72-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.35.72] [PMID: 22223340]
[81]
Kyncl, J.J. Pharmacology of terazosin. Am. J. Med., 1986, 80(5B), 12-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(86)90846-6] [PMID: 2872801]
[82]
Frishman, W.H.; Eisen, G.; Lapsker, J. Terazosin: A new long-acting alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist for hypertension. Med. Clin. North Am., 1988, 72(2), 441-448.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30778-7] [PMID: 2894488]
[83]
Quaresma, B.M.C.S.; Pimenta, A.R.; Santos da Silva, A.C.; Pupo, A.S.; Romeiro, L.A.S.; Silva, C.L.M.; Noël, F. Revisiting the pharmaco-dynamic uroselectivity of α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2019, 371(1), 106-112.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.119.260216] [PMID: 31285236]
[84]
Gross, G.; Hanft, G.; Rugevics, C. 5-Methyl-urapidil discriminates between subtypes of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1988, 151(2), 333-335.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(88)90819-9] [PMID: 2901974]
[85]
Hanft, G.; Gross, G. Subclassification of alpha 1-adrenoceptor recognition sites by urapidil derivatives and other selective antagonists. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1989, 97(3), 691-700.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12005.x] [PMID: 2569345]
[86]
Williams, T.J.; Blue, D.R.; Daniels, D.V.; Davis, B.; Elworthy, T.; Gever, J.R.; Kava, M.S.; Morgans, D.; Padilla, F.; Tassa, S.; Vimont, R.L.; Chapple, C.R.; Chess-Williams, R.; Eglen, R.M.; Clarke, D.E.; Ford, A.P.D.W. In vitro alpha1-adrenoceptor pharmacology of Ro 70-0004 and RS-100329, novel alpha1A-adrenoceptor selective antagonists. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1999, 127(1), 252-258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0702541] [PMID: 10369480]
[87]
Giardinà, D.; Crucianelli, M.; Melchiorre, C.; Taddei, C.; Testa, R. Receptor binding profile of cyclazosin, a new alpha 1B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1995, 287(1), 13-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(95)00471-7] [PMID: 8666020]
[88]
Patane, M.A.; Scott, A.L.; Broten, T.P.; Chang, R.S.L.; Ransom, R.W.; DiSalvo, J.; Forray, C.; Bock, M.G. 4-Amino-2-[4-[1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2(S)- [[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-piperazinyl]-6, 7-dimethoxyquinazoline (L-765,314): A potent and se-lective alpha1b adrenergic receptor antagonist. J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41(8), 1205-1208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm980053f] [PMID: 9548811]
[89]
Sleight, A.J.; Koek, W.; Bigg, D.C.H. Binding of antipsychotic drugs at alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptors: Risperidone is selective for the alpha 1B-adrenoceptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1993, 238(2-3), 407-410.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(93)90876-J] [PMID: 7691623]
[90]
Goetz, A.S.; King, H.K.; Ward, S.D.C.; True, T.A.; Rimele, T.J.; Saussy, D.L. Jr BMY 7378 is a selective antagonist of the D subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1995, 272(2-3), R5-R6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)00751-R] [PMID: 7713154]
[91]
Cleary, L.; Murad, K.; Bexis, S.; Docherty, J.R. The alpha (1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist BM7378 is also an alpha (2C)-.Adrenoceptor Antagonist. Auton. Autacoid Pharmacol., 2005, 25(4), 135-141.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2005.00342.x] [PMID: 16176444]
[92]
Kenny, B.A.; Miller, A.M.; Williamson, I.J.R.; O’Connell, J.; Chalmers, D.H.; Naylor, A.M. Evaluation of the pharmacological selectivity profile of alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonists at prostatic alpha 1 adrenoceptors: Binding, functional and in vivo studies. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, 118(4), 871-878.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15480.x] [PMID: 8799556]
[93]
Nojimoto, F.D.; Mueller, A.; Hebeler-Barbosa, F.; Akinaga, J.; Lima, V.; Kiguti, L.R.A.; Pupo, A.S. The tricyclic antidepressants amitripty-line, nortriptyline and imipramine are weak antagonists of human and rat alpha1B-adrenoceptors. Neuropharmacology, 2010, 59(1-2), 49-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.015] [PMID: 20363235]
[94]
Nourian, Z.; Mulvany, M.J.; Nielsen, K.B.; Pickering, D.S.; Kristensen, T. The antagonistic effect of antipsychotic drugs on a HEK293 cell line stably expressing human alpha1A1-adrenoceptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 596(1-3), 32-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.014] [PMID: 18775692]
[95]
Koshimizu, T.A.; Tanoue, A.; Hirasawa, A.; Yamauchi, J.; Tsujimoto, G. Recent advances in alpha1-adrenoceptor pharmacology. Pharmacol. Ther., 2003, 98(2), 235-244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(03)00033-0] [PMID: 12725871]
[96]
Ruffolo, R.R., Jr; Rice, P.J.; Patil, P.N.; Hamada, A.; Miller, D.D. Differences in the applicability of the easson-stedman hypothesis to the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic effects of phenethylamines and imidazolines. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1983, 86(3-4), 471-475.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(83)90199-1] [PMID: 6299762]
[97]
Waugh, D.J.J.; Gaivin, R.J.; Zuscik, M.J.; Gonzalez-Cabrera, P.; Ross, S.A.; Yun, J.; Perez, D.M. Phe-308 and Phe-312 in transmembrane domain 7 are major sites of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist binding. Imidazoline agonists bind like antagonists. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276(27), 25366-25371.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M103152200] [PMID: 11331292]
[98]
Takahashi, K.; Hossain, M.; Ahmed, M.; Bhuiyan, M.A.; Ohnuki, T.; Nagatomo, T. Asp125 and Thr130 in transmembrane domain 3 are major sites of alpha1b-adrenergic receptor antagonist binding. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2007, 30(10), 1891-1894.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.1891] [PMID: 17917257]
[99]
Nagaoka, Y.; Ahmed, M.; Hossain, M.; Bhuiyan, M.A.; Ishiguro, M.; Nakamura, T.; Watanabe, M.; Nagatomo, T. Amino acids of the hu-man alpha1d-adrenergic receptor involved in antagonist binding. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2008, 106(1), 114-120.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.FP0071412] [PMID: 18187928]
[100]
Perez, D.M. Structure-function of alpha1-adrenergic receptors. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2007, 73(8), 1051-1062.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.010] [PMID: 17052695]
[101]
Bremner, J.B.; Coban, B.; Griffith, R.; Groenewoud, K.M.; Yates, B.F. Ligand design for alpha1 adrenoceptor subtype selective antago-nists. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2000, 8(1), 201-214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00263-1] [PMID: 10968279]
[102]
Giardinà, D.; Bertini, R.; Brancia, E.; Brasili, L.; Melchiorre, C. Structure-activity relationships for prazosin and WB 4101 analogues as alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonists. J. Med. Chem., 1985, 28(9), 1354-1357.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00147a042] [PMID: 2863379]
[103]
Balle, T.; Andersen, K.; Søby, K.K.; Liljefors, T. Alpha(1) adrenoceptor subtype selectivity. 3D-QSAR models for a new class of alpha(1) adrenoceptor antagonists derived from the novel antipsychotic sertindole. J. Mol. Graph. Model., 2003, 21(6), 523-534.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-3263(03)00120-7] [PMID: 12676239]
[104]
Ipsen, M.; Zhang, Y.; Dragsted, N.; Han, C.; Mulvany, M.J. The antipsychotic drug sertindole is a specific inhibitor of alpha1A-adrenoceptors in rat mesenteric small arteries. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1997, 336(1), 29-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01242-9] [PMID: 9384251]
[105]
Pigini, M.; Quaglia, W.; Gentili, F.; Marucci, G.; Cantalamessa, F.; Franchini, S.; Sorbi, C.; Brasili, L. Structure-activity relationship at α-adrenergic receptors within a series of imidazoline analogues of cirazoline. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2000, 8(5), 883-888.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00030-4] [PMID: 10882000]
[106]
Barbaro, R.; Betti, L.; Botta, M.; Corelli, F.; Giannaccini, G.; Maccari, L.; Manetti, F.; Strappaghetti, G.; Corsano, S. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and pharmacophore generation of new pyridazinone derivatives with affinity toward alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44(13), 2118-2132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm010821u] [PMID: 11405649]
[107]
Handzlik, J.; Maciag, D.; Kubacka, M.; Mogilski, S.; Filipek, B.; Stadnicka, K.; Kieć-Kononowicz, K. Synthesis, alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, and SAR study of novel arylpiperazine derivatives of phenytoin. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2008, 16(11), 5982-5998.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.058] [PMID: 18490167]
[108]
Barbaro, R.; Betti, L.; Botta, M.; Corelli, F.; Giannaccini, G.; Maccari, L.; Manetti, F.; Strappaghetti, G.; Corsano, S. Synthesis and biologi-cal activity of new 1,4-benzodioxan-arylpiperazine derivatives. Further validation of a pharmacophore model for alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2002, 10(2), 361-369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00286-3] [PMID: 11741785]
[109]
Kucwaj-Brysz, K.; Dela, A.; Podlewska, S.; Bednarski, M.; Siwek, A.; Satała, G.; Czarnota, K.; Handzlik, J.; Kieć-Kononowicz, K. The Structural Determinants for α1-Adrenergic/Serotonin Receptors Activity among Phenylpiperazine-Hydantoin Derivatives. Molecules, 2021, 26(22), 7025.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227025] [PMID: 34834117]
[110]
Azevedo, H.; Ferreira, M.; Costa, R.W.; Russo, V.; Russo, E.; Mascarello, A.; Guimarães, C.R.W. Preclinical characterization of ACH-000029, a novel anxiolytic compound acting on serotonergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2019, 95, 109707.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109707] [PMID: 31330215]
[111]
Wakimoto, T.; Nitta, M.; Kasahara, K.; Chiba, T.; Ye, Y.; Tsuji, K.; Kan, T.; Nukaya, H.; Ishiguro, M.; Koike, M.; Yokoo, Y.; Suwa, Y. Structure-activity relationship study on alpha1 adrenergic receptor antagonists from beer. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2009, 19(20), 5905-5908.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.068] [PMID: 19762239]
[112]
May, L.T.; Leach, K.; Sexton, P.M.; Christopoulos, A. Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2007, 47(1), 1-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105159] [PMID: 17009927]
[113]
Buckley, B.J.; Aboelela, A.; Minaei, E.; Jiang, L.X.; Xu, Z.; Ali, U.; Fildes, K.; Cheung, C.Y.; Cook, S.M.; Johnson, D.C.; Bachovchin, D.A.; Cook, G.M.; Apte, M.; Huang, M.; Ranson, M.; Kelso, M.J. 6-Substituted Hexamethylene Amiloride (HMA) derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of the human urokinase plasminogen activator for use in cancer. J. Med. Chem., 2018, 61(18), 8299-8320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00838] [PMID: 30130401]
[114]
Massink, A.; Amelia, T.; Karamychev, A.; IJzerman, A.P. Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors by amiloride and its deri-vatives. Perspectives for drug discovery? Med. Res. Rev., 2020, 40(2), 683-708.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/med.21633] [PMID: 31495942]
[115]
Chen, J.; Campbell, A.P.; Wakelin, L.P.G.; Finch, A.M. Characterisation of bis(4-aminoquinoline)s as α1A adrenoceptor allosteric modula-tors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2022, 916, 174659.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174659] [PMID: 34871559]
[116]
Malachias, M.V.B.; Paulo César Veiga Jardim, P.C.V.; Almeida, F.A.; Lima, E.; Feitosa, G.S. 7th Brazilian guideline of arterial hyperten-sion: Chapter 7 - Pharmacological treatment. Arq. Bras. Cardiol., 2016, 107(3)(Suppl. 3), 35-43.
[PMID: 27819386]
[117]
Stanaway, J.D.; Afshin, A.; Gakidou, E.; Lim, S.S.; Abate, D.; Abate, K.H.; Abbafati, C.; Abbasi, N.; Abbastabar, H.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abdela, J.; Abdelalim, A.; Abdollahpour, I.; Abdulkader, R.S.; Abebe, M.; Abebe, Z.; Abera, S.F.; Abil, O.Z.; Abraha, H.N.; Abrham, A.R.; Abu-Raddad, L.J.; Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E.; Accrombessi, M.M.K.; Acharya, D.; Acharya, P.; Adamu, A.A.; Adane, A.A.; Adebayo, O.M.; Adedoyin, R.A.; Adekanmbi, V.; Ademi, Z.; Adetokunboh, O.O.; Adib, M.G.; Admasie, A.; Adsuar, J.C.; Afanvi, K.A.; Afarideh, M.; Agarwal, G.; Aggarwal, A.; Aghayan, S.A.; Agrawal, A.; Agrawal, S.; Ahmadi, A.; Ahmadi, M.; Ahmadieh, H.; Ahmed, M.B.; Aichour, A.N.; Aichour, I.; Aichour, M.T.E.; Akbari, M.E.; Akinyemiju, T.; Akseer, N.; Al-Aly, Z.; Al-Eyadhy, A.; Al-Mekhlafi, H.M.; Alahdab, F.; Alam, K.; Alam, S.; Alam, T.; Alashi, A.; Alavian, S.M.; Alene, K.A.; Ali, K.; Ali, S.M.; Alijanzadeh, M.; Alizadeh-Navaei, R.; Aljunid, S.M.; Alkerwi, A.; Alla, F.; Alsharif, U.; Altirkawi, K.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Amare, A.T.; Ammar, W.; Anber, N.H.; Anderson, J.A.; Andrei, C.L.; Androudi, S.; Animut, M.D.; Anjomshoa, M.; Ansha, M.G.; Antó, J.M.; Antonio, C.A.T.; Anwari, P.; Appiah, L.T.; Appiah, S.C.Y.; Arabloo, J.; Aremu, O.; Ärnlöv, J.; Artaman, A.; Aryal, K.K.; Asayesh, H.; Ataro, Z.; Ausloos, M.; Avokpaho, E.F.G.A.; Awasthi, A. Ayala; Quintanilla, B.P.; Ayer, R.; Ayuk, T.B.; Azzopardi, P.S.; Babazadeh, A.; Badali, H.; Badawi, A.; Balakrishnan, K.; Bali, A.G.; Ball, K.; Ballew, S.H.; Banach, M.; Banoub, J.A.M.; Barac, A.; BarkerCollo, S.L.; Bärnighausen, T.W.; Barrero, L.H.; Basu, S.; Baune, B.T.; Bazargan-Hejazi, S.; Bedi, N.; Beghi, E.; Behzadifar, M.; Behzadifar, M.; Béjot, Y.; Bekele, B.B.; Bekru, E.T.; Belay, E.; Belay, Y.A.; Bell, M.L.; Bello, A.K.; Bennett, D.A.; Bensenor, I.M.; Bergeron, G.; Berhane, A.; Bernabe, E.; Bernstein, R.S.; Beuran, M.; Beyranvand, T.; Bhala, N.; Bhalla, A.; Bhattarai, S.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Biadgo, B.; Bijani, A.; Bikbov, B.; Bilano, V.; Bililign, N.; BinSayeed, M.S.; Bisanzio, D.; Biswas, T.; Bjørge, T.; Blacker, B.F.; Bleyer, A.; Borschmann, R.; Bou-Orm, I.R.; Boufous, S.; Bourne, R.; Brady, O.J.; Brauer, M.; Brazinova, A.; Breitborde, N.J.K.; Brenner, H.; Briko, A.N.; Britton, G.; Brugha, T.; Buchbinder, R.; Burnett, R.T.; Busse, R.; Butt, Z.A.; Cahill, L.E.; CahuanaHurtado, L.; Campos-Nonato, I.R.; Cárdenas, R.; Carreras, G.; Carrero, J.J.; Carvalho, F.; Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A.; CastilloRivas, J.; Castro, F.; Catalá-López, F.; Causey, K.; Cercy, K.M.; Cerin, E.; Chaiah, Y.; Chang, H-Y.; Chang, J-C.; Chang, K-L.; Charlson, F.J.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Chattu, V.K.; Chee, M.L.; Cheng, C-Y.; Chew, A.; Chiang, P.P-C.; Chimed-Ochir, O.; Chin, K.L.; Chitheer, A.; Choi, J-Y.J.; Chowdhury, R.; Christensen, H.; Christopher, D.J.; Chung, S-C.; Cicuttini, F.M.; Cirillo, M.; Cohen, A.J.; ColladoMateo, D.; Cooper, C.; Cooper, O.R.; Coresh, J.; Cornaby, L.; Cortesi, P.A.; Cortinovis, M.; Costa, M.; Cousin, E.; Criqui, M.H.; Cromwell, E.A.; Cundiff, D.K.; Daba, A.K.; Dachew, B.A.; Dadi, A.F.; Damasceno, A.A.M.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Darby, S.C.; Dargan, P.I.; Daryani, A.; DasGupta, R.; DasNeves, J.; Dasa, T.T.; Dash, A.P.; Davitoiu, D.V.; Davletov, K.; DelaCruzGóngora, V.; DeLaHoz, F.P.; DeLeo, D.; DeNeve, J-W.; Degenhardt, L.; Deiparine, S.; Dellavalle, R.P.; Demoz, G.T.; DenovaGutiérrez, E.; Deribe, K.; Dervenis, N.; Deshpande, A.; DesJarlais, D.C.; Dessie, G.A.; Deveber, G.A.; Dey, S.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dhimal, M.; Dinberu, M.T.; Ding, E.L.; Diro, H.D.; Djalalinia, S.; Do, H.P.; Dokova, K.; Doku, D.T.; Doyle, K.E.; Driscoll, T.R.; Dubey, M.; Dubljanin, E.; Duken, E.E.; Duncan, B.B.; Duraes, A.R.; Ebert, N.; Ebrahimi, H.; Ebrahimpour, S.; Edvardsson, D.; Effiong, A.; Eggen, A.E.; ElBcheraoui, C.; El-Khatib, Z.; Elyazar, I.R.; Enayati, A.; Endries, A.Y.; Er, B.; Erskine, H.E.; Eskandarieh, S.; Esteghamati, A.; Estep, K.; Fakhim, H.; Faramarzi, M.; Fareed, M.; Farid, T.A.; Farinha, C.S.E.; Farioli, A.; Faro, A.; Farvid, M.S.; Farzaei, M.H.; Fatima, B.; Fay, K.A.; Fazaeli, A.A.; Feigin, V.L.; Feigl, A.B.; Fereshtehnejad, S-M.; Fernandes, E.; Fernandes, J.C.; Ferrara, G.; Ferrari, A.J.; Ferreira, M.L.; Filip, I.; Finger, J.D.; Fischer, F.; Foigt, N.A.; Foreman, K.J.; Fukumoto, T.; Fullman, N.; Fürst, T.; Furtado, J.M.; Futran, N.D.; Gall, S.; Gallus, S.; Gamkrelidze, A.; Ganji, M.; Garcia-Basteiro, A.L.; Gardner, W.M.; Gebre, A.K.; Gebremedhin, A.T.; Gebremichael, T.G.; Gelano, T.F.; Geleijnse, J.M.; Geramo, Y.C.D.; Gething, P.W.; Gezae, K.E.; Ghadimi, R.; Ghadiri, K.; GhasemiFalavarjani, K.; Ghasemi-Kasman, M.; Ghimire, M.; Ghosh, R.; Ghoshal, A.G.; Giampaoli, S.; Gill, P.S.; Gill, T.K.; Gillum, R.F.; Ginawi, I.A.; Giussani, G.; Gnedovskaya, E.V.; Godwin, W.W.; Goli, S.; Gómez-Dantés, H.; Gona, P.N.; Gopalani, S.V.; Goulart, A.C.; Grada, A.; Grams, M.E.; Grosso, G.; Gugnani, H.C.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, R.; Gupta, R.; Gupta, T.; Gutiérrez, R.A.; Gutiérrez-Torres, D.S.; Haagsma, J.A.; Habtewold, T.D.; Hachinski, V.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Hagos, T.B.; Hailegiyorgis, T.T.; Hailu, G.B.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Hamadeh, R.R.; Hamidi, S.; Handal, A.J.; Hankey, G.J.; Hao, Y.; Harb, H.L.; Harikrishnan, S.; Haro, J.M.; Hassankhani, H.; Hassen, H.Y.; Havmoeller, R.; Hawley, C.N.; Hay, S.I.; HedayatizadehOmran, A.; Heibati, B.; Heidari, B.; Heidari, M.; Hendrie, D.; Henok, A.; Heredia-Pi, I.; Herteliu, C.; Heydarpour, F.; Heydarpour, S.; Hibstu, D.T.; Higazi, T.B.; Hilawe, E.H.; Hoek, H.W.; Hoffman, H.J.; Hole, M.K.; HomaieRad, E.; Hoogar, P.; Hosgood, H.D.; Hosseini, S.M.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Hoy, D.G.; Hsairi, M.; Hsiao, T.; Hu, G.; Hu, H.; Huang, J.J.; Hussen, M.A.; Huynh, C.K.; Iburg, K.M.; Ikeda, N.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Iqbal, U.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Irvine, C.M.S.; Islam, S.M.S.; Islami, F.; Jackson, M.D.; Jacobsen, K.H.; Jahangiry, L.; Jahanmehr, N.; Jain, S.K.; Jakovljevic, M.; James, S.L.; Jassal, S.K.; Jayatilleke, A.U.; Jeemon, P.; Jha, R.P.; Jha, V.; Ji, J.S.; Jonas, J.B.; Jonnagaddala, J.; JorjoranShushtari, Z.; Joshi, A.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Jürisson, M.; Kabir, Z.; Kahsay, A.; Kalani, R.; Kanchan, T.; Kant, S.; Kar, C.; Karami, M.; KaramiMatin, B.; Karch, A.; Karema, C.; Karimi, N.; Karimi, S.M.; Kasaeian, A.; Kassa, D.H.; Kassa, G.M.; Kassa, T.D.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Katikireddi, S.V.; Kaul, A.; Kawakami, N.; Kazemi, Z.; Karyani, A.K.; Kefale, A.T.; Keiyoro, P.N.; Kemp, G.R.; Kengne, A.P.; Keren, A.; Kesavachandran, C.N.; Khader, Y.S.; Khafaei, B.; Khafaie, M.A.; Khajavi, A.; Khalid, N.; Khalil, I.A.; Khan, G.; Khan, M.S.; Khan, M.A.; Khang, Y-H.; Khater, M.M.; Khazaei, M.; Khazaie, H.; Khoja, A.T.; Khosravi, A.; Khosravi, M.H.; Kiadaliri, A.A.; Kiirithio, D.N.; Kim, C-I.; Kim, D.; Kim, YE.; Kim, Y.J.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kinfu, Y.; Kisa, A.; KissimovaSkarbek, K.; Kivimäki, M.; Knibbs, L.D.; Knudsen, A.K.S.; Kochhar, S.; Kokubo, Y.; Kolola, T.; Kopec, J.A.; Kosen, S.; Koul, P.A.; Koyanagi, A.; Kravchenko, M.A.; Krishan, K.; Krohn, K.J.; Kromhout, H.; KuateDefo, B.; KucukBicer, B.; Kumar, G.A.; Kumar, M.; Kuzin, I.; Kyu, H.H.; Lachat, C.; Lad, D.P.; Lad, S.D.; Lafranconi, A.; Lalloo, R.; Lallukka, T.; Lami, F.H.; Lang, J.J.; Lansingh, V.C.; Larson, S.L.; Latifi, A.; Lazarus, J.V.; Lee, P.H.; Leigh, J.; Leili, M.; Leshargie, C.T.; Leung, J.; Levi, M.; Lewycka, S.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Liang, J.; Liang, X.; Liao, Y.; Liben, M.L.; Lim, L-L.; Linn, S.; Liu, S.; Lodha, R.; Logroscino, G.; Lopez, A.D.; Lorkowski, S.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lozano, R.; Lucas, T.C.D.; Lunevicius, R.; Ma, S.; Macarayan, E.R.K.; Machado, Í.E.; Madotto, F.; Mai, H.T.; Majdan, M.; Majdzadeh, R.; Majeed, A.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malta, D.C.; Mamun, A.A.; Manda, A-L.; Manguerra, H.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Maravilla, J.C.; Marcenes, W.; Marks, A.; Martin, R.V.; Martins, S.C.O.; Martins-Melo, F.R.; März, W.; Marzan, M.B.; Massenburg, B.B.; Mathur, M.R.; Mathur, P.; Matsushita, K.; Maulik, P.K.; Mazidi, M.; McAlinden, C.; McGrath, J.J.; McKee, M.; Mehrotra, R.; Mehta, K.M.; Mehta, V.; Meier, T.; Mekonnen, F.A.; Melaku, Y.A.; Melese, A.; Melku, M.; Memiah, P.T.N.; Memish, Z.A.; Mendoza, W.; Mengistu, D.T.; Mensah, G.A.; Mensink, G.B.M.; Mereta, S.T.; Meretoja, A.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mestrovic, T.; Mezgebe, H.B.; Miazgowski, B.; Miazgowski, T.; Millear, A.I.; Miller, T.R.; Miller-Petrie, M.K.; Mini, G.K.; Mirarefin, M.; Mirica, A.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Misganaw, A.T.; Mitiku, H.; Moazen, B.; Mohajer, B.; Mohammad, K.A.; Mohammadi, M.; Mohammadifard, N.; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M.; Mohammed, S.; Mohebi, F.; Mokdad, A.H.; Molokhia, M.; Momeniha, F.; Monasta, L.; Moodley, Y.; Moradi, G.; MoradiLakeh, M.; Moradinazar, M.; Moraga, P.; Morawska, L.; MorgadoDa-Costa, J.; Morrison, S.D.; Moschos, M.M.; Mouodi, S.; Mousavi, S.M.; Mozaffarian, D.; Mruts, K.B.; Muche, A.A.; Muchie, K.F.; Mueller, U.O.; Muhammed, O.S.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Muller, K.; Musa, K.I.; Mustafa, G.; Nabhan, A.F.; Naghavi, M.; Naheed, A.; Nahvijou, A.; Naik, G.; Naik, N.; Najafi, F.; Nangia, V.; Nansseu, J.R.; Nascimento, B.R.; Neal, B.; Neamati, N.; Negoi, I.; Negoi, R.I.; Neupane, S.; Newton, C.R.J.; Ngunjiri, J.W.; Nguyen, A.Q.; Nguyen, G.; Nguyen, H.T.; Nguyen, H.L.T.; Nguyen, H.T.; Nguyen, M.; Nguyen, N.B.; Nichols, E.; Nie, J.; Ningrum, D.N.A.; Nirayo, Y.L.; Nishi, N.; Nixon, M.R.; Nojomi, M.; Nomura, S.; Norheim, O.F.; Noroozi, M.; Norrving, B.; Noubiap, J.J.; Nouri, H.R.; NourollahpourShiadeh, M.; Nowroozi, M.R.; Nsoesie, E.O.; Nyasulu, P.S.; Obermeyer, C.M.; Odell, C.M.; Ofori-Asenso, R.; Ogbo, F.A.; Oh, I-H.; Oladimeji, O.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olagunju, T.O.; Olivares, P.R.; Olsen, H.E.; Olusanya, B.O.; Olusanya, J.O.; Ong, K.L.; Ong, S.K.; Oren, E.; Orpana, H.M.; Ortiz, A.; Ota, E.; Otstavnov, S.S.; Øverland, S.; Owolabi, M.O.; PA, M.; Pacella, R.; Pakhare, A.P.; Pakpour, A.H.; Pana, A.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Park, EK.; Parry, C.D.H.; Parsian, H.; Patel, S.; Pati, S.; Patil, S.T.; Patle, A.; Patton, G.C.; Paudel, D.; Paulson, K.R.; PazBallesteros, W.C.; Pearce, N.; Pereira, A.; Pereira, D.M.; Perico, N.; Pesudovs, K.; Petzold, M.; Pham, H.Q.; Phillips, M.R.; Pillay, J.D.; Piradov, M.A.; Pirsaheb, M.; Pischon, T.; Pishgar, F.; Plana-Ripoll, O.; Plass, D.; Polinder, S.; Polkinghorne, K.R.; Postma, M.J.; Poulton, R.; Pourshams, A.; Poustchi, H.; Prabhakaran, D.; Prakash, S.; Prasad, N.; Purcell, C.A.; Purwar, M.B.; Qorbani, M.; Radfar, A.; Rafay, A.; Rafiei, A.; Rahim, F.; Rahimi, Z.; Rahimi-Movaghar, A.; Rahimi-Movaghar, V.; Rahman, M.; Rahman, M.H.; Rahman, M.A.; Rai, R.K.; Rajati, F.; Rajsic, S.; Raju, S.B.; Ram, U.; Ranabhat, C.L.; Ranjan, P.; Rath, G.K.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Reddy, K.S.; Rehm, C.D.; Rehm, J.; Reiner, R.C. Jr; Reitsma, M.B.; Remuzzi, G.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Resnikoff, S.; Reynales-Shigematsu, L.M.; Rezaei, S.; Ribeiro, A.L.P.; Rivera, J.A.; Roba, K.T.; Rodríguez-Ramírez, S.; Roever, L.; Román, Y.; Ronfani, L.; Roshandel, G.; Rostami, A.; Roth, G.A.; Rothenbacher, D.; Roy, A.; Rubagotti, E.; Rushton, L.; Sabanayagam, C.; Sachdev, P.S.; Saddik, B.; Sadeghi, E.; SaeediMoghaddam, S.; Safari, H.; Safari, Y.; SafariFaramani, R.; Safdarian, M.; Safi, S.; Safiri, S.; Sagar, R.; Sahebkar, A.; Sahraian, M.A.; Sajadi, H.S.; Salam, N.; Salamati, P.; Saleem, Z.; Salimi, Y.; Salimzadeh, H.; Salomon, J.A.; Salvi, D.D.; Salz, I.; Samy, A.M.; Sanabria, J.; Sanchez-Niño, M.D.; SánchezPimienta, T.G.; Sanders, T.; Sang, Y.; Santomauro, D.F.; Santos, I.S.; Santos, J.V.; SantricMilicevic, M.M.; SaoJose, B.P.; Sardana, M.; Sarker, A.R.; Sarmiento-Suárez, R.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sartorius, B.; Sarvi, S.; Sathian, B.; Satpathy, M.; Sawant, A.R.; Sawhney, M.; Saylan, M.; Sayyah, M.; Schaeffner, E.; Schmidt, M.I.; Schneider, I.J.C.; Schöttker, B.; Schutte, A.E.; Schwebel, D.C.; Schwendicke, F.; Scott, J.G.; Seedat, S.; Sekerija, M.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Serre, M.L.; Serván-Mori, E.; Seyedmousavi, S.; Shabaninejad, H.; Shaddick, G.; Shafieesabet, A.; Shahbazi, M.; Shaheen, A.A.; Shaikh, M.A.; ShamahLevy, T.; Shams-Beyranvand, M.; Shamsi, M.; Sharafi, H.; Sharafi, K.; Sharif, M.; Sharif-Alhoseini, M.; Sharifi, H.; Sharma, J.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, R.; She, J.; Sheikh, A.; Shi, P.; Shibuya, K.; Shiferaw, M.S.; Shigematsu, M.; Shin, M-J.; Shiri, R.; Shirkoohi, R.; Shiue, I.; Shokraneh, F.; Shoman, H.; Shrime, M.G.; Shupler, M.S.; Si, S.; Siabani, S.; Sibai, A.M.; Siddiqi, T.J.; Sigfusdottir, I.D.; Sigurvinsdottir, R.; Silva, D.A.S.; Silva, J.P.; Silveira, D.G.A.; Singh, J.A.; Singh, N.P.; Singh, V.; Sinha, D.N.; Skiadaresi, E.; Skirbekk, V.; Smith, D.L.; Smith, M.; Sobaih, B.H.; Sobhani, S.; Somayaji, R.; Soofi, M.; Sorensen, R.J.D.; Soriano, J.B.; Soyiri, I.N.; Spinelli, A.; Sposato, L.A.; Sreeramareddy, C.T.; Srinivasan, V.; Starodubov, V.I.; Steckling, N.; Stein, D.J.; Stein, M.B.; Stevanovic, G.; Stockfelt, L.; Stokes, M.A.; Sturua, L.; Subart, M.L.; Sudaryanto, A.; Sufiyan, M.B.; Sulo, G.; Sunguya, B.F.; Sur, P.J.; Sykes, B.L.; Szoeke, C.E.I.; Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.; Tabuchi, T.; Tadakamadla, S.K.; Takahashi, K.; Tandon, N.; Tassew, S.G.; Tavakkoli, M.; Taveira, N.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A.; Tekalign, T.G.; Tekelemedhin, S.W.; Tekle, M.G.; Temesgen, H.; Temsah, M-H.; Temsah, O.; Terkawi, A.S.; Tessema, B.; Teweldemedhin, M.; Thankappan, K.R.; Theis, A.; Thirunavukkarasu, S.; Thomas, H.J.; Thomas, M.L.; Thomas, N.; Thurston, G.D.; Tilahun, B.; Tillmann, T.; To, Q.G.; Tobollik, M.; Tonelli, M.; Topor-Madry, R.; Torre, A.E.; Tortajada-Girbés, M.; Touvier, M.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.; Towbin, J.A.; Tran, B.X.; Tran, K.B.; Truelsen, T.C.; Truong, N.T.; Tsadik, A.G.; TudorCar, L.; Tuzcu, E.M.; Tymeson, H.D.; Tyrovolas, S.; Ukwaja, K.N.; Ullah, I.; Updike, R.L.; Usman, M.S.; Uthman, O.A.; Vaduganathan, M.; Vaezi, A.; Valdez, P.R.; VanDonkelaar, A.; Varavikova, E.; Varughese, S.; Vasankari, T.J.; Venkateswaran, V.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Villafaina, S.; Violante, F.S.; Vladimirov, S.K.; Vlassov, V.; Vollset, S.E.; Vos, T.; Vosoughi, K.; Vu, G.T.; Vujcic, I.S.; Wagnew, F.S.; Waheed, Y.; Waller, S.G.; Walson, J.L.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y-P.; Weiderpass, E.; Weintraub, R.G.; Weldegebreal, F.; Werdecker, A.; Werkneh, A.A.; West, J.J.; Westerman, R.; Whiteford, H.A.; Widecka, J.; Wijeratne, T.; Winkler, A.S.; Wiyeh, A.B.; Wiysonge, C.S.; Wolfe, C.D.A.; Wong, T.Y.; Wu, S.; Xavier, D.; Xu, G.; Yadgir, S.; Yadollahpour, A.; YahyazadehJabbari, S.H.; Yamada, T.; Yan, L.L.; Yano, Y.; Yaseri, M.; Yasin, Y.J.; Yeshaneh, A.; Yimer, E.M.; Yip, P.; Yisma, E.; Yonemoto, N.; Yoon, S-J.; Yotebieng, M.; Younis, M.Z.; Yousefifard, M.; Yu, C.; Zaidi, Z.; Zaman, S.B.; Zamani, M.; ZavalaArciniega, L.; Zhang, A.L.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, K.; Zhou, M.; Zimsen, S.R.M.; Zodpey, S.; Murray, C.J.L Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Lancet, 2018, 392(10159), 1923-1994.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6] [PMID: 30496105]
[118]
Zhou, B.; Bentham, J.; Di Cesare, M.; Bixby, H.; Danaei, G.; Cowan, M.J.; Paciorek, C.J.; Singh, G.; Hajifathalian, K.; Bennett, J.E.; Taddei, C.; Bilano, V.; Carrillo-Larco, R.M.; Djalalinia, S.; Khatibzadeh, S.; Lugero, C.; Peykari, N.; Zhang, W.Z.; Lu, Y.; Stevens, G.A.; Riley, L.M.; Bovet, P.; Elliott, P.; Gu, D.; Ikeda, N.; Jackson, R.T.; Joffres, M.; Kengne, A.P.; Laatikainen, T.; Lam, T.H.; Laxmaiah, A.; Liu, J.; Miranda, J.J.; Mondo, C.K.; Neuhauser, H.K.; Sundström, J.; Smeeth, L.; Sorić, M.; Woodward, M.; Ezzati, M.; Abarca-Gómez, L.; Abdeen, Z.A.; Rahim, H.A.; AbuRmeileh, N.M.; Acosta-Cazares, B.; Adams, R.; Aekplakorn, W.; Afsana, K.; Aguilar-Salinas, C.A.; Agyemang, C.; Ahmadvand, A.; Ahrens, W.; Al Raddadi, R.; Al Woyatan, R.; Ali, M.M.; Alkerwi, A.; Aly, E.; Amouyel, P.; Amuzu, A.; Andersen, L.B.; Anderssen, S.A.; Ängquist, L.; Anjana, R.M.; Ansong, D.; Aounallah-Skhiri, H.; Araújo, J.; Ariansen, I.; Aris, T.; Arlappa, N.; Aryal, K.; Arveiler, D.; Assah, F.K.; Assunção, M.C.F.; Avdicová, M.; Azevedo, A.; Azizi, F.; Babu, B.V.; Bahijri, S.; Balakrishna, N.; Bandosz, P.; Banegas, J.R.; Barbagallo, C.M.; Barceló, A.; Barkat, A.; Barros, A.J.D.; Barros, M.V.; Bata, I.; Batieha, A.M.; Baur, L.A.; Beaglehole, R.; Romdhane, H.B.; Benet, M.; Benson, L.S.; BernabeOrtiz, A.; Bernotiene, G.; Bettiol, H.; Bhagyalaxmi, A.; Bharadwaj, S.; Bhargava, S.K.; Bi, Y.; Bikbov, M.; Bjerregaard, P.; Bjertness, E.; Björkelund, C.; Blokstra, A.; Bo, S.; Bobak, M.; Boeing, H.; Boggia, J.G.; Boissonnet, C.P.; Bongard, V.; Braeckman, L.; Brajkovich, I.; Branca, F.; Breckenkamp, J.; Brenner, H.; Brewster, L.M.; Bruno, G.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B.; Bugge, A.; Burns, C.; Bursztyn, M.; de León, A.C.; Cacciottolo, J.; Cameron, C.; Can, G.; Cândido, A.P.C.; Capuano, V.; Cardoso, V.C.; Carlsson, A.C.; Carvalho, M.J.; Casanueva, F.F.; Casas, J-P.; Caserta, C.A.; Chamukuttan, S.; Chan, A.W.; Chan, Q.; Chaturvedi, H.K.; Chaturvedi, N.; Chen, C-J.; Chen, F.; Chen, H.; Chen, S.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, CY.; Dekkaki, I.C.; Chetrit, A.; Chiolero, A.; Chiou, S-T.; ChiritaEmandi, A.; Cho, B.; Cho, Y.; Chudek, J.; Cifkova, R.; Claessens, F.; Clays, E.; Concin, H.; Cooper, C.; Cooper, R.; Coppinger, T.C.; Costanzo, S.; Cottel, D.; Cowell, C.; Craig, C.L.; Crujeiras, A.B.; Cruz, J.J.; D’Arrigo, G.; d’Orsi, E.; Dallongeville, J.; Damasceno, A.; Dankner, R.; Dantoft, T.M.; Dauchet, L.; De Backer, G. De; Bacquer, D.; de Gaetano, G.; De Henauw, S.; De Smedt, D.; Deepa, M.; Dehghan, A.; Delisle, H.; Deschamps, V.; Dhana, K. Di; Castelnuovo, A.F.; Dias-da-Costa, J.S.; Diaz, A.; Dickerson, T.T.; Do, H.T.P.; Dobson, A.J.; Donfrancesco, C.; Donoso, S.P.; Döring, A.; Doua, K.; Drygas, W.; Dulskiene, V.; Džakula, A.; Dzerve, V.; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E.; Eggertsen, R.; Ekelund, U.; El Ati, J.; Ellert, U.; Elliott, P.; Elosua, R.; Erasmus, R.T.; Erem, C.; Eriksen, L.; de la Peña, J.E.; Evans, A.; Faeh, D.; Fall, C.H.; Farzadfar, F.; Felix-Redondo, F.J.; Ferguson, T.S.; Fernández-Bergés, D.; Ferrante, D.; Ferrari, M.; Ferreccio, C.; Ferrieres, J.; Finn, J.D.; Fischer, K.; Föger, B.; Foo, L.H.; Forslund, A-S.; Forsner, M.; Fortmann, S.P.; Fouad, H.M.; Francis, D.K.; Franco, M.C.; Franco, O.H.; Frontera, G.; Fuchs, F.D.; Fuchs, S.C.; Fujita, Y.; Furusawa, T.; Gaciong, Z.; Gareta, D.; Garnett, S.P.; Gaspoz, J-M.; Gasull, M.; Gates, L.; Gavrila, D.; Geleijnse, J.M.; Ghasemian, A.; Ghimire, A.; Giampaoli, S.; Gianfagna, F.; Giovannelli, J.; Goldsmith, R.A.; Gonçalves, H.; Gross, M.G.; Rivas, J.P.G.; Gottrand, F.; Graff-Iversen, S.; Grafnetter, D.; Grajda, A.; Gregor, R.D.; Grodzicki, T.; Grøntved, A.; Gruden, G.; Grujic, V.; Gu, D.; Guan, O.P.; Gudnason, V.; Guerrero, R.; Guessous, I.; Guimaraes, A.L.; Gulliford, M.C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, J.; Gunter, M.; Gupta, P.C.; Gureje, O.; Gurzkowska, B.; Gutierrez, L.; Gutzwiller, F.; Hadaegh, F.; Halkjær, J.; Hambleton, I.R.; Hardy, R.; Harikumar, R.; Hata, J.; Hayes, A.J.; He, J.; Hendriks, M.E.; Henriques, A.; Cadena, L.H.; Herrala, S.; Heshmat, R.; Hihtaniemi, I.T.; Ho, S.Y.; Ho, S.C.; Hobbs, M.; Hofman, A.; Dinc, G.H.; Hormiga, C.M.; Horta, B.L.; Houti, L.; Howitt, C.; Htay, T.T.; Htet, A.S.; Hu, Y.; Huerta, J.M.; Husseini, A.S.; Huybrechts, I.; Hwalla, N.; Iacoviello, L.; Iannone, A.G.; Ibrahim, M.M.; Ikram, M.A.; Irazola, V.E.; Islam, M.; Ivkovic, V.; Iwasaki, M.; Jackson, R.T.; Jacobs, J.M.; Jafar, T.; Jamrozik, K.; Janszky, I.; Jasienska, G.; Jelakovic, B.; Jiang, C.Q.; Joffres, M.; Johansson, M.; Jonas, J.B.; Jørgensen, T.; Joshi, P.; Juolevi, A.; Jurak, G.; Jureša, V.; Kaaks, R.; Kafatos, A.; KalterLeibovici, O.; Kamaruddin, N.A.; Kasaeian, A.; Katz, J.; Kauhanen, J.; Kaur, P.; Kavousi, M.; Kazakbaeva, G.; Keil, U.; Boker, L.K.; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S.; Kelishadi, R.; Kemper, H.C.G.; Kengne, A.P.; Kersting, M.; Key, T.; Khader, Y.S.; Khalili, D.; Khang, Y-H.; Khaw, K-T.; Kiechl, S.; Killewo, J.; Kim, J.; Klumbiene, J.; Kolle, E.; Kolsteren, P.; Korrovits, P.; Koskinen, S.; Kouda, K.; Koziel, S.; Kristensen, P.L.; Krokstad, S.; Kromhout, D.; Kruger, H.S.; Kubinova, R.; Kuciene, R.; Kuh, D.; Kujala, U.M.; Kula, K.; Kulaga, Z.; Kumar, R.K.; Kurjata, P.; Kusuma, Y.S.; Kuulasmaa, K.; Kyobutungi, C.; Laatikainen, T.; Lachat, C.; Lam, T.H.; Landrove, O.; Lanska, V.; Lappas, G.; Larijani, B.; Laugsand, L.E.; Laxmaiah, A.; Bao, K.L.N.; Le, T.D.; Leclercq, C.; Lee, J.; Lee, J.; Lehtimäki, T.; Lekhraj, R.; León-Muñoz, L.M.; Levitt, N.S.; Li, Y.; Lilly, C.L.; Lim, W-Y.; Lima-Costa, M.F.; Lin, H-H.; Lin, X.; Linneberg, A.; Lissner, L.; Litwin, M.; Lorbeer, R.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lozano, J.E.; Luksiene, D.; Lundqvist, A.; Lunet, N.; Lytsy, P.; Ma, G.; Ma, J.; Machado-Coelho, G.L.L.; Machi, S.; Maggi, S.; Magliano, D.J.; Majer, M.; Makdisse, M.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malhotra, R.; Rao, K.M.; Malyutina, S.; Manios, Y.; Mann, J.I.; Manzato, E.; Margozzini, P.; Marques-Vidal, P.; Marrugat, J.; Martorell, R.; Mathiesen, E.B.; Matijasevich, A.; Matsha, T.E.; Mbanya, J.C.N.; Posso, A.J.M.D.; McFarlane, S.R.; McGarvey, S.T.; McLachlan, S.; McLean, R.M.; McNulty, B.A.; Khir, A.S.M.; Mediene-Benchekor, S.; Medzioniene, J.; Meirhaeghe, A.; Meisinger, C.; Menezes, A.M.B.; Menon, G.R.; Meshram, I.I.; Metspalu, A.; Mi, J.; Mikkel, K.; Miller, J.C.; Miquel, J.F.; Mišigoj-Durakovic, M.; Mohamed, M.K.; Mohammad, K.; Mohammadifard, N.; Mohan, V.; Yusoff, M.F.M.; Møller, N.C.; Molnár, D.; Momenan, A.; Mondo, C.K.; Monyeki, K.D.K.; Moreira, L.B.; Morejon, A.; Moreno, L.A.; Morgan, K.; Moschonis, G.; Mossakowska, M.; Mostafa, A.; Mota, J.; Motlagh, M.E.; Motta, J.; Muiesan, M.L.; Müller-Nurasyid, M.; Murphy, N.; Mursu, J.; Musil, V.; Nagel, G.; Naidu, B.M.; Nakamura, H.; Námešná, J.; Nang, E.E.K.; Nangia, V.B.; Narake, S.; Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M.; Ndiaye, N.C.; Neal, W.A.; Nenko, I.; Nervi, F.; Nguyen, N.D.; Nguyen, Q.N.; NietoMartínez, R.E.; Niiranen, T.J.; Ning, G.; Ninomiya, T.; Nishtar, S.; Noale, M.; Noboa, O.A.; Noorbala, A.A.; Noorbala, T.; Noto, D.; Al Nsour, M.; O’Reilly, D.; Oh, K.; Olinto, M.T.A.; Oliveira, I.O.; Omar, M.A.; Onat, A.; Ordunez, P.; Osmond, C.; Ostojic, S.M.; Otero, J.A.; Overvad, K.; Owusu-Dabo, E.; Paccaud, F.M.; Padez, C.; Pahomova, E.; Pajak, A.; Palli, D.; Palmieri, L.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Panza, F.; Papandreou, D.; Parnell, W.R.; Parsaeian, M.; Pecin, I.; Pednekar, M.S.; Peer, N.; Peeters, P.H.; Peixoto, S.V.; Pelletier, C.; Peltonen, M.; Pereira, A.C.; Pérez, R.M.; Peters, A.; Petkeviciene, J.; Pham, S.T.; Pigeot, I.; Pikhart, H.; Pilav, A.; Pilotto, L.; Pitakaka, F.; Plans-Rubió, P.; Polakowska, M.; Polašek, O.; Porta, M.; Portegies, M.L.P.; Pourshams, A.; Pradeepa, R.; Prashant, M.; Price, J.F.; Puiu, M.; Punab, M.; Qasrawi, R.F.; Qorbani, M.; Radic, I.; Radisauskas, R.; Rahman, M.; Raitakari, O.; Raj, M.; Rao, S.R.; Ramachandran, A.; Ramos, E.; Rampal, S.; Reina, D.A.R.; Rasmussen, F.; Redon, J.; Reganit, P.F.M.; Ribeiro, R.; Riboli, E.; Rigo, F.; de Wit, T.F.R.; Ritti-Dias, R.M.; Robinson, S.M.; Robitaille, C.; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F.; Rodriguez-Perez del Cristo, M.; Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A.; Rojas-Martinez, R.; Rosengren, A.; Rubinstein, A.; Rui, O.; Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S.; Horimoto, A.R.V.R.; Rutkowski, M.; Sabanayagam, C.; Sachdev, H.S.; Saidi, O.; Sakarya, S.; Salanave, B.; Salazar Martinez, E.; Salmerón, D.; Salomaa, V.; Salonen, J.T.; Salvetti, M.; Sánchez-Abanto, J.; Sans, S.; Santos, D.; Santos, I.S.; dos Santos, R.N.; Santos, R.; Saramies, J.L.; Sardinha, L.B.; Margolis, G.S.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Saum, KU.; Savva, S.C.; Scazufca, M.; Schargrodsky, H.; Schneider, I.J.; Schultsz, C.; Schutte, A.E.; Sen, A.; Senbanjo, I.O.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Sharma, S.K.; Shaw, J.E.; Shibuya, K.; Shin, D.W.; Shin, Y.; Siantar, R.; Sibai, A.M.; Silva, D.A.S.; Simon, M.; Simons, J.; Simons, L.A.; Sjöström, M.; Skovbjerg, S.; Slowikowska-Hilczer, J.; Slusarczyk, P.; Smeeth, L.; Smith, M.C.; Snijder, M.B.; So, H-K.; Sobngwi, E.; Söderberg, S.; Solfrizzi, V.; Sonestedt, E.; Song, Y.; Sørensen, T.I.A.; Jérome, C.S.; Soumare, A.; Staessen, J.A.; Starc, G.; Stathopoulou, M.G.; Stavreski, B.; Steene-Johannessen, J.; Stehle, P.; Stein, A.D.; Stergiou, G.S.; Stessman, J.; Stieber, J.; Stöckl, D.; Stocks, T.; Stokwiszewski, J.; Stronks, K.; Strufaldi, M.W.; Sun, C-A.; Sundström, J.; Sung, Y-T.; Suriyawongpaisal, P.; Sy, R.G.; Tai, E.S.; Tammesoo, M-L.; Tamosiunas, A.; Tang, L.; Tang, X.; Tanser, F.; Tao, Y.; Tarawneh, M.R.; Tarqui-Mamani, C.B.; Taylor, A.; Theobald, H.; Thijs, L.; Thuesen, B.H.; Tjonneland, A.; Tolonen, H.K.; Tolstrup, J.S.; Topbas, M.; Topór-Madry, R.; Tormo, M.J.; Torrent, M.; Traissac, P.; Trichopoulos, D.; Trichopoulou, A.; Trinh, O.T.H.; Trivedi, A.; Tshepo, L.; TullochReid, M.K.; Tuomainen, T-P.; Tuomilehto, J.; Turley, M.L.; Tynelius, P.; Tzourio, C.; Ueda, P.; Ugel, E.; Ulmer, H.; Uusitalo, H.M.T.; Valdivia, G.; Valvi, D.; van der Schouw, Y.T.; Van Herck, K.; van Rossem, L.; van Valkengoed, I.G.M.; Vanderschueren, D.; Vanuzzo, D.; Vatten, L.; Vega, T.; Velasquez-Melendez, G.; Veronesi, G.; Verschuren, W.M.M.; Verstraeten, R.; Victora, C.G.; Viet, L.; Viikari-Juntura, E.; Vineis, P.; Vioque, J.; Virtanen, J.K.; Visvikis-Siest, S.; Viswanathan, B.; Vollenweider, P.; Voutilainen, S.; Vrdoljak, A.; Vrijheid, M.; Wade, A.N.; Wagner, A.; Walton, J.; Mohamud, W.N.W.; Wang, M-D.; Wang, Q.; Wang, Y.X.; Wannamethee, S.G.; Wareham, N.; Wedderkopp, N.; Weerasekera, D.; Whincup, P.H.; Widhalm, K.; Widyahening, I.S.; Wiecek, A.; Wijga, A.H.; Wilks, R.J.; Willeit, J.; Willeit, P.; Williams, E.A.; Wilsgaard, T.; Wojtyniak, B.; Wong, T.Y.; Wong-McClure, R.A.; Woo, J.; Woodward, M.; Wu, A.G.; Wu, F.C.; Wu, S.L.; Xu, H.; Yan, W.; Yang, X.; Ye, X.; Yiallouros, P.K.; Yoshihara, A.; Younger-Coleman, N.O.; Yusoff, A.F.; Yusoff, M.F.M.; Zambon, S.; Zdrojewski, T.; Zeng, Y.; Zhao, D.; Zhao, W.; Zheng, Y.; Zhu, D.; Zimmermann, E.; Zuñiga, Cisneros J. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: A pooled analysis of 1479 populationbased measurement studies with 19·1 million participants Lancet, 2017, 389(10064), 37-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5] [PMID: 27863813]
[119]
Ajayi, I.O.; Sowemimo, I.O.; Akpa, O.M.; Ossai, N.E. Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among residents of Ibadan-North local government area of Nigeria. Niger. J. Cardiol., 2016, 13(1), 75.
[120]
Hasan, M.; Sutradhar, I.; Akter, T.; Das Gupta, R.; Joshi, H.; Haider, M.R.; Sarker, M. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nepal: Data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. PLoS One, 2018, 13(5), e0198028.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198028] [PMID: 29852006]
[121]
Olié, V.; Perrine, A.L.; Lecoffre, C.; Blacher, J. National prevalence of hypertension, treatment and control, in France in 2015 and tempo-ral trends since 2006. Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis. Suppl., 2019, 11(1), 96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acvdsp.2018.10.215]
[122]
Picon, R.V.; Fuchs, F.D.; Moreira, L.B.; Riegel, G.; Fuchs, S.C. Trends in prevalence of hypertension in Brazil: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2012, 7(10), e48255.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048255] [PMID: 23118964]
[123]
Malta, D.C.; Bernal, R.T.I.; Andrade, S.S.C.A.; Silva, M.M.A.D.; Velasquez-Melendez, G. Prevalence of and factors associated with self-reported high blood pressure in Brazilian adults. Rev. Saude Publica, 2017, 51(Suppl. 1), 11s.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051000006] [PMID: 28591346]
[124]
Tortorella, C.C. da S.; Corso, A.C.T.; Gonzáles-Chica, D.A.; Melhen, A. Time trends of hypertension and diabetes mellitus prevalence among adults registered in the Brazilian National Health System, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2004-2011. Epidemiol. Serv. Saude, 2017, 26(3), 469-480.
[125]
Kubacka, M.; Mogilski, S.; Filipek, B.; Marona, H. The hypotensive activity and alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonistic properties of some aroxyalkyl derivatives of 2-methoxyphenylpiperazine. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2013, 698(1-3), 335-344.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.025] [PMID: 23117089]
[126]
Zanchetti, A. Summary of prazosin lipid studies. Am. J. Med., 1984, 76(2), 122-124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(84)90970-7]
[127]
Deger, G. Effect of terazosin on serum lipids. Am. J. Med., 1986, 80(5B), 82-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(86)90858-2] [PMID: 2872813]
[128]
Grimm, R.H., Jr; Flack, J.M.; Grandits, G.A.; Elmer, P.J.; Neaton, J.D.; Cutler, J.A.; Lewis, C.; McDonald, R.; Schoenberger, J.; Stamler, J. Long-term effects on plasma lipids of diet and drugs to treat hypertension. JAMA, 1996, 275(20), 1549-1556.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530440029033] [PMID: 8622245]
[129]
König, M.; Gollasch, M.; Rosada, A.; Demuth, I.; Spira, D.; Steinhagen-Thiessen, E. Antihypertensive treatment patterns and blood pres-sure control in older adults: Results from the Berlin aging study II. Drugs Aging, 2018, 35(11), 993-1003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-018-0580-0] [PMID: 30187292]
[130]
Gus, I.; Harzheim, E.; Zaslavsky, C.; Medina, C.; Gus, M.; Alegre, P. Prevalence, awareness, and control of systemic arterial hypertension in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Arq. Bras. Cardiol., 2004, 83(5), 424-428.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2004001700009] [PMID: 15543362]
[131]
Nelson, S.A.E.; Dresser, G.K.; Vandervoort, M.K.; Wong, C.J.; Feagan, B.G.; Mahon, J.L.; Feldman, R.D. Barriers to blood pressure con-trol: A STITCH substudy. J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich), 2011, 13(2), 73-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00392.x] [PMID: 21272194]
[132]
Nogueira, D.; Faerstein, E.; Coeli, C.M.; Chor, D.; Lopes, C.S.; Werneck, G.L. Awareness, treatment, and control of arterial hypertension: Pró-Saúde study, Brazil. Rev. Panam. Salud Publica, 2010, 27(2), 103-109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892010000200003] [PMID: 20339613]
[133]
Woodard, T.J.; Manigault, K.R.; McBurrows, N.N.; Wray, T.L.; Woodard, L.M. Management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in older adults. Consult Pharm., 2016, 31(8), 412-424.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2016.412] [PMID: 27535076]
[134]
Berry, S.J.; Coffey, D.S.; Walsh, P.C.; Ewing, L.L. The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. J. Urol., 1984, 132(3), 474-479.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49698-4] [PMID: 6206240]
[135]
Lepor, H. Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the aging male population. Rev. Urol., 2005, 7(4)(Suppl. 4), S3-S12.
[PMID: 16986052]
[136]
Bartsch, G.; Müller, H.R.; Oberholzer, M.; Rohr, H.P. Light microscopic stereological analysis of the normal human prostate and of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol., 1979, 122(4), 487-491.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)56476-9] [PMID: 90177]
[137]
Shapiro, E.; Becich, M.J.; Hartanto, V.; Lepor, H. The relative proportion of stromal and epithelial hyperplasia is related to the develop-ment of symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia. J. Urol., 1992, 147(5), 1293-1297.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37546-8] [PMID: 1373778]
[138]
Furuya, S.; Kumamoto, Y.; Yokoyama, E.; Tsukamoto, T.; Izumi, T.; Abiko, Y. Alpha-adrenergic activity and urethral pressure in prosta-tic zone in benign prostatic hypertrophy. J. Urol., 1982, 128(4), 836-839.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)53216-4] [PMID: 6183460]
[139]
Caine, M.; Raz, S.; Zeigler, M. Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in the human prostate, prostatic capsule and bladder neck. Br. J. Urol., 1975, 47(2), 193-202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1975.tb03947.x] [PMID: 1148621]
[140]
Lepor, H.; Gup, D.I.; Baumann, M.; Shapiro, E. Laboratory assessment of terazosin and alpha-1 blockade in prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 1988, 32(6)(Suppl.), 21-26.
[PMID: 2462301]
[141]
Belayneh, M.; Korownyk, C. Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hypertrophy with α-blockers. Can. Fam. Physician, 2016, 62(9), e523.
[PMID: 27629686]
[142]
Stearns, G.L.; Sandhu, J.S. The impact of medical and surgical treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy on erectile function. Curr. Urol. Rep., 2015, 16(11), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11934-015-0549-z]
[143]
Yuan, J.; Liu, Y.; Yang, Z.; Qin, X.; Yang, K.; Mao, C. The efficacy and safety of alpha-1 blockers for benign prostatic hyperplasia: An overview of 15 systematic reviews. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2013, 29(3), 279-287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2013.766594] [PMID: 23323875]
[144]
Kyprianou, N. Doxazosin and terazosin suppress prostate growth by inducing apoptosis: Clinical significance. J. Urol., 2003, 169(4), 1520-1525.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000033280.29453.72] [PMID: 12629407]
[145]
Lepor, H.; Kazzazi, A.; Djavan, B. α-Blockers for benign prostatic hyperplasia: The new era. Curr. Opin. Urol., 2012, 22(1), 7-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0b013e32834d9bfd] [PMID: 22080875]
[146]
Juliao, A.A.; Plata, M.; Kazzazi, A.; Bostanci, Y.; Djavan, B. American Urological Association and European Association of Urology gui-delines in the management of benign prostatic hypertrophy: Revisited. Curr. Opin. Urol., 2012, 22(1), 34-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0b013e32834d8e87] [PMID: 22123290]
[147]
Steers, W.D.; Kirby, R.S. Clinical ease of using doxazosin in BPH patients with and without hypertension. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis., 2005, 8(2), 152-157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.pcan.4500787] [PMID: 15711605]
[148]
Boyle, P.; Napalkov, P. The epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and observations on concomitant hypertension. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. Suppl., 1995, 168, 7-12.
[PMID: 7541551]
[149]
Beach, M.A.; Mauro, L.S. Pharmacologic expulsive treatment of ureteral calculi. Ann. Pharmacother., 2006, 40(7-8), 1361-1368.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1G586] [PMID: 16849614]
[150]
Hollingsworth, J.M.; Rogers, M.A.; Kaufman, S.R.; Bradford, T.J.; Saint, S.; Wei, J.T.; Hollenbeck, B.K. Medical therapy to facilitate uri-nary stone passage: A meta-analysis. Lancet, 2006, 368(9542), 1171-1179.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69474-9] [PMID: 17011944]
[151]
Höfner, K.; Claes, H.; De Reijke, T.M.; Folkestad, B.; Speakman, M.J. Tamsulosin 0.4 mg once daily: Effect on sexual function in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction. Eur. Urol., 1999, 36(4), 335-341.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000019996] [PMID: 10473995]
[152]
Hellstrom, W.J.G.; Sikka, S.C. Effects of acute treatment with tamsulosin versus alfuzosin on ejaculatory function in normal volunteers. J. Urol., 2006, 176(4 Pt 1), 1529-1533.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.004] [PMID: 16952675]
[153]
Britto-Júnior, J.; Ribeiro, A.; Ximenes, L.; Lima, A.T.; Jacintho, F.F.; Fregonesi, A.; Mónica, F.Z.; Antunes, E.; De Nucci, G. Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists block 6-nitrodopamine contractions on the rat isolated epididymal vas deferens. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2022, 915, 174716.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174716] [PMID: 34951979]
[154]
Stone, E.A.; Quartermain, D. Alpha-1-noradrenergic neurotransmission, corticosterone, and behavioral depression. Biol. Psychiatry, 1999, 46(9), 1287-1300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00234-6] [PMID: 10560034]
[155]
Menkes, D.B.; Aghajanian, G.K. alpha 1-Adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus are enhanced by chronic anti-depressant treatment. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1981, 74(1), 27-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(81)90319-8] [PMID: 6274648]
[156]
Menkes, D.B.; Kehne, J.H.; Gallager, D.W.; Aghajanian, G.K.; Davis, M. Functional supersensitivity of CNS alpha 1-adrenoceptors follo-wing chronic antidepressant treatment. Life Sci., 1983, 33(2), 181-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(83)90411-3] [PMID: 6306376]
[157]
Nalepa, I.; Kreiner, G.; Kowalska, M.; Sanak, M.; Zelek-Molik, A.; Vetulani, J. Repeated imipramine and electroconvulsive shock increase alpha 1A-adrenoceptor mRNA level in rat prefrontal cortex. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2002, 444(3), 151-159.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01660-6] [PMID: 12063075]
[158]
Deupree, J.D.; Reed, A.L.; Bylund, D.B. Differential effects of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on the density of adrenergic recep-tors in juvenile and adult rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2007, 321(2), 770-776.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.118935] [PMID: 17293562]
[159]
Rehavi, M.; Ramot, O.; Yavetz, B.; Sokolovsky, M. Amitriptyline: Long-term treatment elevates α-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor binding in mouse brain. Brain Res., 1980, 194(2), 443-453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(80)91224-X] [PMID: 6104533]
[160]
Doze, V.A.; Handel, E.M.; Jensen, K.A.; Darsie, B.; Luger, E.J.; Haselton, J.R.; Talbot, J.N.; Rorabaugh, B.R. alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptors differentially modulate antidepressant-like behavior in the mouse. Brain Res., 2009, 1285, 148-157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.035] [PMID: 19540213]
[161]
Liu, J.; Zhao, W.; Li, C.; Wu, T.; Han, L.; Hu, Z.; Li, X.; Zhou, J.; Chen, X. Terazosin stimulates Pgk1 to remedy gastrointestinal disor-ders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 23(1), 416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010416] [PMID: 35008842]
[162]
Serna-Salas, S.A.; Arroyave-Ospina, J.C.; Zhang, M.; Damba, T.; Buist-Homan, M.; Muñoz-Ortega, M.H.; Ventura-Juárez, J.; Moshage, H. α-1 Adrenergic receptor antagonist doxazosin reverses hepatic stellate cells activation via induction of senescence. Mech. Ageing Dev., 2022, 201, 111617.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2021.111617] [PMID: 34958827]
[163]
Oben, J.A.; Yang, S.; Lin, H.; Ono, M.; Diehl, A.M. Norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y promote proliferation and collagen gene expres-sion of hepatic myofibroblastic stellate cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003, 302(4), 685-690.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00232-8] [PMID: 12646223]
[164]
Sinha, R.; Wemm, S.; Fogelman, N.; Milivojevic, V.; Morgan, P.M.; Angarita, G.A.; Hermes, G.; Fox, H.C. Moderation of Prazosin’s effi-cacy by alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2021, 178(5), 447-458.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20050609] [PMID: 33207935]
[165]
Milivojevic, V.; Angarita, G.A.; Hermes, G.; Sinha, R.; Fox, H.C. Effects of Prazosin on provoked alcohol craving and autonomic and neuroendocrine response to stress in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 2020, 44(7), 1488-1496.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acer.14378] [PMID: 32449942]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
19
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy