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Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5249
ISSN (Online): 1875-6166

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Editorial

COVID-19: An Urgent Need to Redesign Anti-inflammatory Strategies for CNS Protection

Author(s): Rüdiger Hardeland*

Volume 22, Issue 1, 2022

Published on: 17 May, 2022

Page: [2 - 4] Pages: 3

DOI: 10.2174/1871524922666220329102633

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[1]
Tan, D-X.; Hardeland, R. Potential utility of melatonin in deadly infectious diseases related to the overreaction of innate immune response and destructive inflammation: Focus on COVID-19. Melatonin Res., 2020, 3(1), 120-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.32794/mr11250052]
[2]
Tan, D-X.; Hardeland, R. Targeting host defense system and rescuing compromised mitochondria to increase tolerance against pathogens by melatonin may impact outcome of deadly virus infection pertinent to COVID-19. Molecules, 2020, 25(19), 4410.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194410] [PMID: 32992875]
[3]
Iba, T.; Connors, J.M.; Levy, J.H. The coagulopathy, endotheliopathy, and vasculitis of COVID-19. Inflamm. Res., 2020, 69(12), 1181-1189.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00011-020-01401-6] [PMID: 32918567]
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Perico, L.; Benigni, A.; Casiraghi, F.; Ng, L.F.P.; Renia, L.; Remuzzi, G. Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopa-thy in COVID-19. Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 2021, 17(1), 46-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4] [PMID: 33077917]
[5]
Cardinali, D.P. High doses of melatonin as a potential therapeutic tool for the neurologic sequels of covid-19 infection. Melatonin Res, 2020, 3(3), 311-317.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.32794/mr11250064]
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Yachou, Y.; El Idrissi, A.; Belapasov, V.; Ait Benali, S. Neuroinvasion, neurotropic, and neuroinflammatory events of SARS-CoV-2: Un-derstanding the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. Neurol. Sci., 2020, 41(10), 2657-2669.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04575-3] [PMID: 32725449]
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Berardicurti, O.; Ruscitti, P.; Ursini, F.; D’Andrea, S.; Ciaffi, J.; Meliconi, R.; Iagnocco, A.; Cipriani, P.; Giacomelli, R. Mortality in tocili-zumab-treated patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol., 2020, 38(6), 1247-1254.
[PMID: 33275094]
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Tleyjeh, I.M.; Kashour, Z.; Damlaj, M.; Riaz, M.; Tlayjeh, H.; Altannir, M.; Altannir, Y.; Al-Tannir, M.; Tleyjeh, R.; Hassett, L.; Kashour, T. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients: A living systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2021, 27(2), 215-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.036] [PMID: 33161150]
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Luo, P.; Liu, Y.; Qiu, L.; Liu, X.; Liu, D.; Li, J. Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience. J. Med. Virol., 2020, 92(7), 814-818.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25801] [PMID: 32253759]
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Sasaki, R.; Hishikawa, N.; Nomura, E.; Omote, Y.; Takemoto, M.; Yamashita, T.; Hatanaka, N.; Higashi, Y.; Abe, K. Tocilizumab-induced leukoencephalopathy with a reversible clinical course. Intern. Med., 2020, 59(22), 2927-2930.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.5288-20] [PMID: 32999229]
[11]
Hardeland, R. Melatonin and inflammation-Story of a double-edged blade. J. Pineal Res., 2018, 65(4)e12525
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12525] [PMID: 30242884]
[12]
Zhang, R.; Wang, X.; Ni, L.; Di, X.; Ma, B.; Niu, S.; Liu, C.; Reiter, R.J. COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment. Life Sci., 2020, 250117583
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117583] [PMID: 32217117]
[13]
Hardeland, R.; Tan, D-X. Protection by melatonin in respiratory diseases: Valuable information for the treatment of COVID-19. Melatonin Res., 2020, 3(3), 264-275.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.32794/mr11250061]
[14]
Ehrenreich, H.; Weissenborn, K.; Begemann, M.; Busch, M.; Vieta, E.; Miskowiak, K.W. Erythropoietin as candidate for supportive treat-ment of severe COVID-19. Mol. Med., 2020, 26(1), 58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10020-020-00186-y] [PMID: 32546125]
[15]
Begemann, M.; Gross, O.; Wincewicz, D.; Hardeland, R.; Daguano Gastaldi, V.; Vieta, E.; Weissenborn, K.; Miskowiak, K.W.; Moerer, O.; Ehrenreich, H. Addressing the ‘hypoxia paradox’ in severe COVID-19: Literature review and report of four cases treated with erythropoi-etin analogues. Mol. Med., 2021, 27(1), 120.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10020-021-00381-5] [PMID: 34565332]

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