Abstract
Introduction: Metastasis of primary pancreatic cancer (PC) to adjacent or distant organs is responsible for the poor survival rate of affected individuals. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are currently being prescribed to treat PC in addition to surgical resection. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for PC that leads to 20% of 5-year survival, but only less than 20% of patients are eligible for surgical resection because of the poor prognosis. To improve the prognosis and clinical outcome, early diagnostic markers need to be identified, and targeting them would be of immense benefit to increase the efficiency of the treatment. Cell migration-inducing hyaluronan-binding protein (CEMIP) is identified as an important risk factor for the metastasis of various cancers, including PC. Emerging studies have pointed out the crucial role of CEMIP in the regulation of various signaling mechanisms, leading to enhanced migration and metastasis of PC.
Methods: The published findings on PC metastasis, phytoconstituents, and CEMIP were retrieved from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. Computational tools, such as gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, were used to study the relationship between CEMIP expression and survival of PC individuals.
Results: Gene expression analysis using the GEPIA database identified a stupendous increase in the CEMIP transcript in PC compared to adjacent normal tissues. KM plotter analysis revealed the impact of CEMIP on the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among PC patients. Subsequently, several risk factors associated with PC development were screened, and their ability to regulate CEMIP gene expression was analyzed using computational tools.
Conclusion: The current review is focused on gathering information regarding the regulatory role of phytocomponents in PC migration and exploring their possible impact on the CEMIP expression.
Keywords: Pancreatic cancer, CEMIP, KM plotter analysis, GEPIA, metastasis, phytocomponents, signaling.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(83)90286-6] [PMID: 6356946]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688808100718] [PMID: 3045317]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.6.1569] [PMID: 7600975]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0088-0] [PMID: 29769672]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2015.10.010] [PMID: 26696517]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21190] [PMID: 23856911]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00141-0] [PMID: 26830752]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10020034] [PMID: 29382042]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.22] [PMID: 27158978]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21551] [PMID: 30620402]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0155] [PMID: 24840647]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30416-9] [PMID: 32135127]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.14.5619] [PMID: 26320426]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2016-0010] [PMID: 27246628]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006676-200301000-00006] [PMID: 12499914]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102655] [PMID: 32139179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz430] [PMID: 31114875]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10300] [PMID: 31289486]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00068] [PMID: 32117725]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2653] [PMID: 23715323]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01027-z] [PMID: 29057876]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11091248] [PMID: 31454993]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16022] [PMID: 28699633]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.19295] [PMID: 28819426]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21823-x] [PMID: 29467409]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0095] [PMID: 22588877]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5921] [PMID: 26437221]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky868] [PMID: 30247620]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1239303] [PMID: 14597658]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10038-003-0079-2] [PMID: 14577002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215432110] [PMID: 23509262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.673566] [PMID: 26518873]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA119.010457] [PMID: 31949043]
[PMID: 26045799]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2011.268] [PMID: 21772334]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2017.11.002] [PMID: 29173982]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175058] [PMID: 28422983]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2017-0151] [PMID: 29024602]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3978] [PMID: 26009875]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27036] [PMID: 31303964]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0493-8] [PMID: 30202098]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069473] [PMID: 23936024]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt224] [PMID: 23990668]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044661] [PMID: 22970280]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-194] [PMID: 24628760]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-009-0469-6] [PMID: 19434458]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2220] [PMID: 25051373]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.13872] [PMID: 31810922]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108787] [PMID: 30925458]
[PMID: 29886655]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.049] [PMID: 30980868]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.201701078R] [PMID: 29505302]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6232] [PMID: 25366117]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.918682] [PMID: 31501407]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-018-1721-y] [PMID: 30478628]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38273] [PMID: 27922049]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.007] [PMID: 28012880]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.025] [PMID: 31315034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15052] [PMID: 28179576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i14.1697] [PMID: 31011255]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30656] [PMID: 28213952]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-018-0771-x] [PMID: 29776371]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0642-0] [PMID: 30626935]
[PMID: 31746434]
[PMID: 29509253]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3421] [PMID: 29393367]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/database/bav095] [PMID: 26424082]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025369004783] [PMID: 12975613]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2017-0338] [PMID: 29235360]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.18.01295] [PMID: 30817250]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R100038200] [PMID: 11717317]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvn046] [PMID: 18390876]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.10.005] [PMID: 31718895]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.006] [PMID: 31421148]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.4696] [PMID: 9169154]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15216540214929] [PMID: 12512858]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0171-9335-00392] [PMID: 15503855]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00101] [PMID: 24653726]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20001858] [PMID: 11781369]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.11.017] [PMID: 21134368]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.012] [PMID: 29709595]
[PMID: 1644063]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4439(00)00051-X] [PMID: 11040445]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.167] [PMID: 31171359]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080765] [PMID: 24244714]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.6617] [PMID: 26684359]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2019.05.004] [PMID: 31121193]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32751] [PMID: 31642523]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000000670] [PMID: 27622341]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000000741] [PMID: 27846148]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8147] [PMID: 29725394]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/817613] [PMID: 25147816]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01084.x] [PMID: 19469020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10585-015-9771-9] [PMID: 26589701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.201700331R] [PMID: 28765175]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302529] [PMID: 22466618]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3636] [PMID: 16510563]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12020-6_56]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11101496] [PMID: 31590367]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-012-1448-y] [PMID: 22971992]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X13500444] [PMID: 23711146]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5277] [PMID: 27176210]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1686] [PMID: 23135610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgi040] [PMID: 15705601]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1697] [PMID: 22367292]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188885] [PMID: 29186186]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6647] [PMID: 32059077]
[PMID: 25799526]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.007] [PMID: 24148603]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170197] [PMID: 28152014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.041] [PMID: 21227456]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060547] [PMID: 32585831]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4174/jkss.2013.85.6.249] [PMID: 24368982]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S136840] [PMID: 29026320]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27297] [PMID: 30334571]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2019.07.001] [PMID: 31590760]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2019.1670853] [PMID: 31595775]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.002] [PMID: 25982933]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26398] [PMID: 19064528]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.044] [PMID: 25870037]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155264] [PMID: 27175782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.15394] [PMID: 32427405]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8020090] [PMID: 26891321]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2011.05.002] [PMID: 21676539]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109506] [PMID: 31586904]
[PMID: 32351869]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1495] [PMID: 32328272]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00271] [PMID: 30941046]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00191] [PMID: 27445824]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109275] [PMID: 31382128]
[PMID: 7575760]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4312] [PMID: 31432106]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12010011] [PMID: 30634637]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.011] [PMID: 22579112]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050956] [PMID: 23300530]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.008] [PMID: 27838343]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.022] [PMID: 31005717]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2004.07.005]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.5.1259] [PMID: 32458631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.087] [PMID: 32451085]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006676-200304000-00010] [PMID: 12657953]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-4-37] [PMID: 16209712]
[PMID: 16284950]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21731] [PMID: 16475211]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10637-010-9386-6] [PMID: 20107864]
[PMID: 22884073]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.01.009] [PMID: 30776580]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13894501113149990187] [PMID: 23834147]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140128215756] [PMID: 24479798]
[PMID: 27429851]
[PMID: 25202045]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2016.05.002] [PMID: 27234064]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.001] [PMID: 29433670]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4700] [PMID: 30720134]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112126] [PMID: 32485183]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12837] [PMID: 26284849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/09298673113209990251] [PMID: 23992306]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110116] [PMID: 32428833]
[PMID: 30535465]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.06.015] [PMID: 31336236]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05853.x] [PMID: 21261655]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.038] [PMID: 30849482]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12391] [PMID: 27705937]
[PMID: 19908231]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.06.022] [PMID: 24995580]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.015] [PMID: 28919396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217676] [PMID: 31150487]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222126] [PMID: 31995555]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-019-1320-y] [PMID: 31331376]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13402-019-00442-2] [PMID: 30980365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2385] [PMID: 23563640]
[PMID: 30542713]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5044] [PMID: 27572503]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4709] [PMID: 27035865]
[PMID: 28123853]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4295] [PMID: 29512729]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7600] [PMID: 32377752]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.043] [PMID: 26440757]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2011.535962] [PMID: 21462088]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0024] [PMID: 18628464]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00280-010-1470-2] [PMID: 20859741]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.013] [PMID: 29614381]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.43622] [PMID: 32550907]
[PMID: 22375400]
[PMID: 21491088]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i3.378] [PMID: 17230605]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.023] [PMID: 23962559]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9304] [PMID: 30066876]
[PMID: 29461595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S221877] [PMID: 31572001]
[PMID: 21805032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.009] [PMID: 27989784]
[PMID: 30895270]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00707.x] [PMID: 18031614]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00005-4] [PMID: 16406939]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2011.12.012] [PMID: 22227305]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.005] [PMID: 17637488]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01467-4] [PMID: 11730720]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CBI20100723] [PMID: 21861846]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020801966609] [PMID: 18464074]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgs156] [PMID: 22532249]
[PMID: 31128032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2015.056] [PMID: 26759701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087309] [PMID: 24586269]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000210028] [PMID: 20110748]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27478] [PMID: 22322442]
[PMID: 25632222]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12655] [PMID: 27756878]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104788] [PMID: 32027944]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-2574.2009.00059.x] [PMID: 19768141]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.030] [PMID: 21679698]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0075] [PMID: 20423995]
[PMID: 22007514]
[PMID: 22340651]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.003] [PMID: 23562242]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107154] [PMID: 25197966]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3394-x] [PMID: 25344906]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1407840] [PMID: 28105374]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109142] [PMID: 32610056]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10495-1] [PMID: 32112133]
[PMID: 21355282]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2016] [PMID: 21673052]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3630] [PMID: 23857605]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103234] [PMID: 30347681]
[PMID: 30365057]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02976-7] [PMID: 32020859]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1414.025] [PMID: 18837899]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_1427_16] [PMID: 31603094]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1518] [PMID: 22710811]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053087] [PMID: 23308143]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2014.01.002] [PMID: 24462376]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md14060115] [PMID: 27322291]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060521] [PMID: 32545803]
[PMID: 15486191]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046083] [PMID: 23029396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.1764] [PMID: 24742583]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180940] [PMID: 28700650]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494547] [PMID: 30355942]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-019-00619-0] [PMID: 30706304]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.025] [PMID: 30910589]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.042] [PMID: 31678166]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050769] [PMID: 32429039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.3.592] [PMID: 15735099]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040762] [PMID: 30939781]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38936] [PMID: 27941847]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S251614] [PMID: 32606612]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03036] [PMID: 28723216]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-8722-2-38] [PMID: 19725977]
[PMID: 21622152]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/709739] [PMID: 22685460]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgs290] [PMID: 22971573]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200297] [PMID: 23293055]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.776695] [PMID: 23659454]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bab.1446] [PMID: 26400206]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2018.1502327] [PMID: 30273070]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0828-6_8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10495-008-0278-6] [PMID: 19002586]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020151] [PMID: 21647434]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgr191] [PMID: 21859833]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2011.4369] [PMID: 22530568]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.991] [PMID: 23255891]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/629750] [PMID: 23781265]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.002] [PMID: 28089829]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.2350] [PMID: 32735398]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1249931] [PMID: 20455200]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-014-2096-1] [PMID: 24894821]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114573] [PMID: 25493642]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20144293] [PMID: 25517919]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbior.2018.10.003] [PMID: 30361003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbior.2019.04.003] [PMID: 31047842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118122] [PMID: 32702446]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00394] [PMID: 32692565]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8139] [PMID: 29725397]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i1.193] [PMID: 24415872]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106136] [PMID: 31991372]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.01.015] [PMID: 19423321]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S208738] [PMID: 31410018]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8FO00246K] [PMID: 30516195]
[PMID: 27320884]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02114.x] [PMID: 22417372]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7343090] [PMID: 29736179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.118] [PMID: 26038694]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2010.61] [PMID: 20440279]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i8.736] [PMID: 22371633]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3999] [PMID: 26369833]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14796694.1.1.7] [PMID: 16555971]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8412508] [PMID: 28232946]