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Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

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ISSN (Print): 1574-888X
ISSN (Online): 2212-3946

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Research Article

Effectiveness of Dental Pulp-derived Stem Cells and Bone Marrowderived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Implanted into a Murine Critical Bone Defect

Author(s): Corina Vater*, Christian Männel, Julia Bolte, Xinggui Tian, Stuart B. Goodman and Stefan Zwingenberger

Volume 17, Issue 5, 2022

Published on: 15 February, 2022

Page: [480 - 491] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1574888X17666220215100732

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been used for many years in bone tissue engineering applications, the procedure still has drawbacks such as painful collection methods and damage to the donor site. Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) are readily accessible, occur in high amounts, and show a high proliferation and differentiation capability. Therefore, DPSCs may be a promising alternative for BM-MSCs to repair bone defects.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the bone regenerative potential of DPSCs in comparison to BM-MSCs in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: In vitro investigations included analysis of cell doubling time as well as proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. For the in vivo study, 36 male NMRI nude mice were randomized into 3 groups: 1) control (cell-free mineralized collagen matrix (MCM) scaffold), 2) MCM + DPSCs, and 3) MCM + BMMSCs. Critical size 2 mm bone defects were created at the right femur of each mouse and stabilized by an external fixator. After 6 weeks, animals were euthanized, and microcomputed tomography scans (μCT) and histological analyses were performed.

Results: In vitro DPSCs showed a 2-fold lower population doubling time and a 9-fold higher increase in proliferation when seeded onto MCM scaffolds as compared to BM-MSCs, but DPSCs showed a significantly lower osteogenic capability than BM-MSCs. In vivo, the healing of the critical bone defect in NMRI nude mice was comparable among all groups.

Conclusion: Pre-seeding of MCM scaffolds with DPSCs and BM-MSCs did not enhance bone defect healing.

Keywords: Dental pulp-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, critical bone defect, mouse model, bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration.

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