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Review Article

肠道微生物群、肠道免疫生态位和内脏脂肪组织之间的对话，作为代谢性和炎症性疾病发病机制的新模型：2型糖尿病的范例

卷 29, 期 18, 2022

发表于: 14 February, 2022

页: [3189 - 3201] 页: 13

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867329666220105121124

价格: $65

摘要

肠道微生物群(GM)由细菌种类、病毒、真菌和原生动物之间的1000多种微生物组成，是一个广泛的分子相互作用网络的主要参与者，其中包括内分泌系统、免疫反应和代谢。转基因影响许多内分泌功能，如肾上腺类固醇生成、甲状腺功能、性激素、IGF-1通路和在胃肠道系统中产生的多肽。它在血糖控制和肥胖方面是基础作用，同时也在调节免疫系统和相关炎症疾病方面发挥重要作用。肠道黏膜中这种串扰的结果是肠道免疫生态位的形成。内脏脂肪组织(VAT)产生大约600种不同的多肽，它通过几种脂肪因子参与脂质和葡萄糖代谢，以及一些免疫反应。转基因和增值税以双向的方式相互作用：肠道生态失调可以改变增值税脂肪因子和激素分泌，而增值税增生可以改变转基因组成。获得性或遗传因素导致肠道生态失调或增值税增加。这在糖尿病等代谢不良和免疫疾病的发展中起着关键作用。糖尿病与转基因改变的特定模式有关，参与控制黏膜屏障状态的转基因物种的丰富或减少，血糖水平和发挥促抗炎活性。所有这些因素都可以解释西方国家几种炎症的高发病率；此外，除了在糖尿病中观察到的特定改变，这种模式可能代表许多代谢条件的共同途径，并可能为新的、有趣的治疗方法铺平道路。

关键词: 二型糖尿病、肠道微生物群、脂肪组织、免疫力、发病机制、炎症性疾病。

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