Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Research Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2589-9775
ISSN (Online): 2589-9783

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Effect of BMI on Prolonged Abstinence after Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author(s): Fernanda Piotto Frallonardo, Danielle Ruiz Lima, Carlos Felipe Cavalcanti Carvalho, Aline Rodrigues Loreto, Bruna Beatriz Sales Guimarães-Pereira, Flavia Ismael, Julio Torales, Antonio Ventriglio, Arthur Guerra de Andrade, João Carlos da Silva Bizário and Joáo Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia*

Volume 13, Issue 3, 2021

Published on: 18 May, 2021

Page: [236 - 245] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666210518160924

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Despite the well-documented relationship between weight gain and poorer cessation outcomes among smokers, the role of the former (baseline) weight in smoking cessation is insufficiently investigated. We hypothesized that patients with higher baseline body mass index( BMI) have a worse prognosis in tobacco cessation.

Objectives: This retrospective clinical cohort study aimed to investigate the role of the baseline BMI on abstinence over 12 months after participation in smoking cessation treatment conducted in a middle-income country (n = 664).

Methods: Data from a 6-week smoking cessation protocol performed in a Psychosocial Care Unit (CAPS) were used. The protocol included four medical consultations and six Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group sessions. Initially, 1,213 participants were evaluated for the study, but only the participants whose telephone contact was successful were included in the outcome analyses. The attrition rate was 45.3%. Continuous and categorical (normal, overweight, and obesity) BMI values were computed. Survival regression models were used to test the associations between BMI and the 12-month abstinence outcome. Self-report 4-week abstinence at the end of treatment was also investigated using logistic regression models.

Results: Baseline BMI had no significant effect on both short (4-week-point abstinence) and long (12-month prolonged abstinence) treatment outcomes.

Conclusion: The possible influence of the baseline BMI on smoking cessation outcomes, especially considering prolonged abstinence, was not corroborated by our results. Regardless of our results, the detrimental health outcomes due to the combination of obesity/overweight and smoking justify that these subgroups of individuals be continuously targeted for adequate smoking prevention and treatment.

Keywords: Smoking, tobacco, prolonged abstinence, body mass index, obesity, risk factor for deaths.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Jamal A, Phillips E, Gentzke AS, et al. Current cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67(2): 53-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6702a1] [PMID: 29346338]
[2]
GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392(10159): 1923-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6] [PMID: 30496105]
[3]
Healton CG, Vallone D, McCausland KL, Xiao H, Green MP. Smoking, obesity, and their co-occurrence in the United States: cross sectional analysis. BMJ 2006; 333(7557): 25-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38840.608704.80] [PMID: 16698804]
[4]
Rupprecht LE, Donny EC, Sved AF. Obese smokers as a potential subpopulation of risk in tobacco reduction policy. Yale J Biol Med 2015; 88(3): 289-94.
[PMID: 26339212]
[5]
Audrain-McGovern J, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90(1): 164-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2011.105] [PMID: 21633341]
[6]
Hofstetter A, Schutz Y, Jéquier E, Wahren J. Increased 24-hour energy expenditure in cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med 1986; 314(2): 79-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198601093140204] [PMID: 3941694]
[7]
Plurphanswat N, Rodu B. The association of smoking and demographic characteristics on body mass index and obesity among adults in the U.S., 1999-2012. BMC Obes 2014; 1: 18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40608-014-0018-0] [PMID: 26217505]
[8]
Chiolero A, Jacot-Sadowski I, Faeh D, Paccaud F, Cornuz J. Association of cigarettes smoked daily with obesity in a general adult population. Obesity 2007; 15(5): 1311-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.153] [PMID: 17495208]
[9]
Kim JH, Shim KW, Yoon YS, Lee SY, Kim SS, Oh SW. Cigarette smoking increases abdominal and visceral obesity but not overall fatness: an observational study. PLoS One 2012; 7(9): e45815.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045815] [PMID: 23029258]
[10]
Rogers PJ. Food and drug addictions: Similarities and differences. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 153: 182-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2017.01.001] [PMID: 28063947]
[11]
Volkow ND, Wise RA, Baler R. The dopamine motive system: implications for drug and food addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18(12): 741-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.130] [PMID: 29142296]
[12]
Ben Taleb Z, Ward KD, Asfar T, Jaber R, Bahelah R, Maziak W. Smoking cessation and changes in body mass index: findings from the first randomized cessation trial in a low-income country setting. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19(3): 351-6.
[PMID: 27613912]
[13]
Aubin HJ, Farley A, Lycett D, Lahmek P, Aveyard P. Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes: meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 345: e4439.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4439]
[14]
Lycett D, Munafò M, Johnstone E, Murphy M, Aveyard P. Associations between weight change over 8 years and baseline body mass index in a cohort of continuing and quitting smokers. Addiction 2011; 106(1): 188-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03136.x] [PMID: 20925685]
[15]
Sharma A. Smoking cessation and changes in body mass index among middle aged and older adults. J Appl Gerontol 2018; 37(8): 1012-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464816655438] [PMID: 27353834]
[16]
Yang M, Bhowmik D, Wang X, Abughosh S. Does combination pharmacological intervention for smoking cessation prevent post-cessation weight gain? A systemic review. Addict Behav 2013; 38(3): 1865-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.11.007] [PMID: 23305808]
[17]
Oster G, Colditz GA, Kelly NL. The economic costs of smoking and benefits of quitting for individual smokers. Prev Med 1984; 13(4): 377-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(84)90029-X] [PMID: 6504866]
[18]
Swan GE, Javitz HS, Jack LM, Curry SJ, McAfee T. Heterogeneity in 12-month outcome among female and male smokers. Addiction 2004; 99(2): 237-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00629.x] [PMID: 14756716]
[19]
Twardella D, Loew M, Rothenbacher D, Stegmaier C, Ziegler H, Brenner H. The impact of body weight on smoking cessation in German adults. Prev Med 2006; 42(2): 109-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.11.008] [PMID: 16336994]
[20]
Bush T, Hsu C, Levine MD, Magnusson B, Miles L. Weight gain and smoking: perceptions and experiences of obese quitline participants. BMC Public Health 2014; 14: 1229.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1229] [PMID: 25428130]
[21]
Bush T, Lovejoy J, Javitz H, et al. Implementation, recruitment and baseline characteristics: a randomized trial of combined treatments for smoking cessation and weight control. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2017; 7: 95-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2017.06.003] [PMID: 29124236]
[22]
Castaldelli-Maia JM, da Silva NR, Campos MR, et al. Implementing evidence-based smoking cessation treatment in psychosocial care units (CAPS) in Brazil. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63(8): 669-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764017731462] [PMID: 28920521]
[23]
Castaldelli-Maia JM, Carvalho CF, Armentano F, et al. Outcome predictors of smoking cessation treatment provided by an addiction care unit between 2007 and 2010. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 35(4): 338-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0907] [PMID: 24402207]
[24]
Castaldelli-Maia JM, Loreto AR, Carvalho CF, Frallonardo FP, de Andrade AG. Retention predictors of a smoking treatment provided by a public psychosocial unit in Brazil. Int Rev Psychiatry 2014; 26(4): 515-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.928272] [PMID: 25137119]
[25]
Loreto AR, Carvalho CFC, Frallonardo FP, Ismael F, Andrade AG, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Smoking cessation treatment for patients with mental disorders using cbt and combined pharmacotherapy. J Dual Diagn 2017; 13(4): 238-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2017.1328149] [PMID: 28489501]
[26]
Castaldelli-Maia JM, Loreto AR, Guimarães-Pereira BBS, et al. Smoking cessation treatment outcomes among people with and without mental and substance use disorders: An observational real-world study. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 52: 22-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.02.005] [PMID: 29609056]
[27]
Chaim CH, Siu ER, Carvalho CFC, et al. Experimentation with tobacco during adolescence as a factor influencing treatment of smoking in adulthood. A retrospective cohort. Sao Paulo Med J 2019; 137(3): 234-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0504140319] [PMID: 31365599]
[28]
Lima DR, Carvalho CFC, Guimarães-Pereira BBS, et al. Abstinence and retention outcomes in a smoking cessation program among individuals with co-morbid substance use and mental disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 125: 121-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.03.014] [PMID: 32272242]
[29]
Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo SUS, Available from: https://www.inca.gov.br/programa-nacional-de-controle- do-tabagismo/tratamento
[30]
West R, Hajek P, Stead L, Stapleton J. Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: proposal for a common standard. Addiction 2005; 100(3): 299-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00995.x] [PMID: 15733243]
[31]
Guillaumier A, Skelton E, Shakeshaft A, et al. Effect of increasing the delivery of smoking cessation care in alcohol and other drug treatment centres: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2020; 115(7): 1345-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.14911] [PMID: 31762105]
[32]
Lee JY, Kim SM, Choi YS, et al. The relationship between body mass index and smoking cessation plans in korean adults. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26(4): 281-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/jomes.2017.26.4.281] [PMID: 31089531]
[33]
Krukowski RA, Bursac Z, Little MA, Klesges RC. The relationship between body mass index and post-cessation weight gain in the year after quitting smoking: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2016; 11(3): e0151290.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151290] [PMID: 26977598]
[34]
Yang M, Mehta HB, Bhowmik D, Essien EJ, Abughosh SM. Predictors of smoking cessation medication use among nonobese and obese smokers. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49(6): 752-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2014.880121] [PMID: 24494623]
[35]
Raptou E, Papastefanou G. An empirical investigation of the impact of smoking on body weight using an endogenous treatment effects model approach: the role of food consumption patterns. Nutr J 2018; 17(1): 101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0408-0] [PMID: 30396350]
[36]
Livingstone-Banks J, Norris E, Hartmann-Boyce J, West R, Jarvis M, Hajek P. Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2(2): CD003999.
[PMID: 30758045]
[37]
Cheung KL, de Ruijter D, Hiligsmann M, et al. Exploring consensus on how to measure smoking cessation. A delphi study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17(1): 890.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4902-7] [PMID: 29162043]
[38]
Li MD, Cheng R, Ma JZ, Swan GE. A meta-analysis of estimated genetic and environmental effects on smoking behavior in male and female adult twins. Addiction 2003; 98(1): 23-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00295.x] [PMID: 12492752]
[39]
Potter LN, Lam CY, Cinciripini PM, Wetter DW. Intersectionality and smoking cessation: exploring various approaches for understanding health inequities. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23(1): 115-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa052] [PMID: 32208484]
[40]
Miranda JJ, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Corvalan C, et al. Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Nat Med 2019; 25(11): 1667-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0644-7] [PMID: 31700182]
[41]
Karekla M, Savvides SN. Smoking cessation avatar-led acceptance and commitment therapy digital intervention: feasibility and acceptability in young adults. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11(1): 198-205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz128] [PMID: 31628476]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
8
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy