Xenogeneic Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Biomaterials For Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration

Title:Xenogeneic Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Biomaterials For Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration

Volume: 19 Issue: 12

Author(s): Ting Li, Rabia Javed and Qiang Ao*

Affiliation:

• Department of Developmental Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang,China

Keywords: Decellularization, xenogeneic extracellular matrix, peripheral nerve injury, dECM-based biomaterials, nerve repair and regeneration, tissue engineering.

Abstract: Peripheral nerve injury could lead to either impairment or a complete loss of function for affected patients, and a variety of nerve repair materials have been developed for surgical approaches to repair it. Although autologous or autologous tissue-derived biomaterials remain preferred treatment for peripheral nerve injury, the lack of donor sources has led biomedical researchers to explore more other biomaterials. As a reliable alternative, xenogeneic decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based biomaterials have been widely employed for surgical nerve repair. The dECM derived from animal donors is an attractive and unlimited source for xenotransplantation. Meanwhile, as an increasingly popular technique, decellularization could retain a variety of bioactive components in native ECM, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and growth factors. The resulting dECM-based biomaterials preserve a tissue's native microenvironment, promote Schwann cells proliferation and differentiation, and provide cues for nerve regeneration. Although the potential of dECM-based biomaterials as a therapeutic agent is rising, there are many limitations of this material restricting its use. Herein, this review discusses the decellularization techniques that have been applied to create dECM-based biomaterials, the main components of nerve ECM, and the recent progress in the utilization of xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials through applications as a hydrogel, wrap, and guidance conduit in nerve tissue engineering. In the end, the existing bottlenecks of xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials and developing technologies that could be eliminated to be helpful for utilization in the future have been elaborated.

Cite this article as:

Li Ting , Javed Rabia and Ao Qiang *, Xenogeneic Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Biomaterials For Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration, Current Neuropharmacology 2021; 19 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666201111103815