Abstract
Nearly 15% of couples experience infertility as a universal health issue. About 50% of infertility cases have been known to be associated with the male partner . Oxidative stress (OS) represents an imbalance in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidants. In fact, OS has been considered as one of the popular pathologies reported in about 50% of all infertile males. Therefore, the increased level of ROS may result in infertility via DNA damages or lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as the inactivation of enzymes and oxidation of protiens in spermatozoa. Basically, OS results from lifestyle variables. As the absence of antioxidants and the respective deficiencies in the semen cause OS, variations in the lifestyle and anti-oxidant regimes may be advantageous to treatment strategies for resolving such an issue. Actually, anti-oxidants like vitamins E and C, glutathione, coenzyme-Q10, carnitines, selenium, Nacetylcysteine, carotenoids, zinc, and pentoxifylline decline the OS-induced sperm damages. Therefore, the present review overviews the oxidative biochemistry associated with sperm health and identifies which men would be most at risk of oxidative infertility. Hence, the review would show the techniques provided to diagnose OS and diverse therapeutic options.
Keywords: Male infertility, sperm, oxidative stress, antioxidant, free radicals, coenzyme-Q10, pentoxifylline.
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