Warm Reactive Anti-A₁ Agglutinin in an A₂B individual: A Rare Case with Review of Literature

Title:Warm Reactive Anti-A₁ Agglutinin in an A₂B individual: A Rare Case with Review of Literature

Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Author(s): Manish Raturi*Anuradha Kusum

Affiliation:

• Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun – 248016 Uttarakhand,India

Keywords: A₂, A₂B type, subgroups, anti-A₁ lectin, agglutinin, G1PO.

Abstract: The prevalence of the major subgroup of A as A₁ in almost 80% of the A group population is a known fact. A₂ and the remaining subgroups such as Aend, Am, Ax etc comprise the remaining population, based on erythrocyte agglutinability and various serological reactions. These A subgroups can often result in an ABO typing discrepancy. Anti-A₁ antibody often appears as an irregular cold agglutinin in the sera of A₂ or A₂B individuals who lack the corresponding antigen. Rather notably, the literature suggests that 1% to 8% of A₂ and 22% to 35% of A2B individuals possess an allo-anti-A₁ in their sera, which reacts at a temperature below 25°C. Although routinely, it does not pose any problem either during or post blood transfusion, however, the literature reports of hemolysis happening in procedures that are performed at lower temperatures, particularly in hypothermic situations. We report herein, a case of a massively bleeding A₂B Indian lady after the expulsion of her dead fetus and an underlying uterine fibroid having a warm reactive allo-anti-A₁ agglutinin that warranted an urgent blood transfusion management.

Cite this article as:

Raturi Manish *, Kusum Anuradha , Warm Reactive Anti-A₁ Agglutinin in an A₂B individual: A Rare Case with Review of Literature, Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) 2020; 16 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573395516999200807162612

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573395516999200807162612	Print ISSN 1573-3955
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-631X