Generic placeholder image

Current Medical Imaging

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4056
ISSN (Online): 1875-6603

Research Article

Optimal Model-free Approach Based on MDL and CHL for Active Brain Identification in fMRI Data Analysis

Author(s): Hussain A. Jaber*, Ilyas Çankaya, Hadeel K. Aljobouri, Orhan M. Koçak and Oktay Algin

Volume 17, Issue 3, 2021

Published on: 30 July, 2020

Page: [352 - 365] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1573405616999200730174700

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Cluster analysis is a robust tool for exploring the underlining structures in data and grouping them with similar objects. In the researches of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), clustering approaches attempt to classify voxels depending on their time-course signals into a similar hemodynamic response over time.

Objective: In this work, a novel unsupervised learning approach is proposed that relies on using Enhanced Neural Gas (ENG) algorithm in fMRI data for comparison with Neural Gas (NG) method, which has yet to be utilized for that aim. The ENG algorithm depends on the network structure of the NG and concentrates on an efficacious prototype-based clustering approach.

Methods: The comparison outcomes on real auditory fMRI data show that ENG outperforms the NG and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) methods due to its insensitivity to the ordering of input data sequence, various initializations for selecting a set of neurons, and the existence of extreme values (outliers). The findings also prove its capability to discover the exact and real values of a cluster number effectively.

Results: Four validation indices are applied to evaluate the performance of the proposed ENG method with fMRI and compare it with a clustering approach (NG algorithm) and model-based data analysis (SPM). These validation indices include the Jaccard Coefficient (JC), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), Minimum Description Length (MDL) value, and Minimum Square Error (MSE).

Conclusion: The ENG technique can tackle all shortcomings of NG application with fMRI data, identify the active area of the human brain effectively, and determine the locations of the cluster center based on the MDL value during the process of network learning.

Keywords: Enhanced Neural Gas (ENG), fMRI clustering technique, Minimum Description Length (MDL), Neural Gas (NG), Prototype-Based Clustering (PBC), Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM).

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Ogawa S, Lee TM, Kay AR, Tank DW. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87(24): 9868-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.24.9868] [PMID: 2124706]
[2]
Ogawa S, Tank DW, Menon R, et al. Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89(13): 5951-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951] [PMID: 1631079]
[3]
Kwong KK, Belliveau JW, Chesler DA, et al. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89(12): 5675-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675] [PMID: 1608978]
[4]
Boxerman JL, Bandettini PA, Kwong KK, et al. The intravascular contribution to fMRI signal change: Monte Carlo modeling and diffusion-weighted studies in vivo. Magn Reson Med 1995; 34(1): 4-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910340103] [PMID: 7674897]
[5]
Ogawa S, Lee TM, Barrere B. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance image signals of a rat brain to changes in the cerebral venous blood oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 1993; 29(2): 205-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910290208] [PMID: 8429784]
[6]
Golay X, Kollias S, Stoll G, Meier D, Valavanis A, Boesiger P. A new correlation-based fuzzy logic clustering algorithm for fMRI. Magn Reson Med 1998; 40(2): 249-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910400211] [PMID: 9702707]
[7]
Kahnt T, Chang LJ, Park SQ, Heinzle J, Haynes JD. Connectivity-based parcellation of the human orbitofrontal cortex. J Neurosci 2012; 32(18): 6240-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0257-12.2012] [PMID: 22553030]
[8]
Goutte C, Toft P, Rostrup E, Nielsen F, Hansen LK. On clustering fMRI time series. Neuroimage 1999; 9(3): 298-310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1998.0391] [PMID: 10075900]
[9]
Ngan SC, Hu X. Analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data using self-organizing mapping with spatial connectivity. Magn Reson Med 1999; 41(5): 939-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199905)41:5<939::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-Q] [PMID: 10332877]
[10]
Meyer-Bäse A, Lange O, Wismüller A, Ritter H. Model-free functional MRI analysis using topographic independent component analysis. Int J Neural Syst 2004; 14(4): 217-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0129065704002017] [PMID: 15372699]
[11]
Ngan SC, Yacoub ES, Auffermann WF, Hu X. Node merging in Kohonen’s self-organizing mapping of fMRI data. Artif Intell Med 2002; 25(1): 19-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0933-3657(02)00006-4] [PMID: 12009261]
[12]
Peltier SJ, Polk TA, Noll DC. Detecting low-frequency functional connectivity in fMRI using a self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm. Hum Brain Mapp 2003; 20(4): 220-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.10144] [PMID: 14673805]
[13]
Dimitriadou E, Barth M, Windischberger C, Hornik K, Moser E. A quantitative comparison of functional MRI cluster analysis. Artif Intell Med 2004; 31(1): 57-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2004.01.010] [PMID: 15182847]
[14]
Meyer-Baese A, Wismueller A, Lange O. Comparison of two exploratory data analysis methods for fMRI: unsupervised clustering versus independent component analysis IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2004; 8(3): 387-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2004.834406]
[15]
Wismüller A, Meyer-Bäse A, Lange O, Auer D, Reiser MF, Sumners D. Model-free functional MRI analysis based on unsupervised clustering. J Biomed Inform 2004; 37(1): 10-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.12.002] [PMID: 15016382]
[16]
Gonzalez AI, D’Anjou A, Garcia-Sebastian MT, et al. SOM and neural gas as graduated nonconvexity algorithms.Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). Springer Verlag 2006; pp. 1143-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11751595_120]
[17]
Lachiche N, Kommet J, Korczak J, et al. Neuronal clustering of brain fMRI images. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). 2005; pp. 300-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11590316_43]
[18]
Ichihashi H, Honda K, Notsu A, et al. Exploratory approach to fMRI study with fuzzy clustering and general linear model. IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. 1167-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/FUZZY.2006.1681857]
[19]
Korczak J. Interactive mining of functional MRI data. Proceedings - International Conference on Signal Image Technologies and Internet Based Systems, SITIS. 912-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SITIS.2007.151]
[20]
Davoudi H, Taalimi A, Fatemizadeh E. Extracting activated regions of fMRI data using unsupervised learning. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. 641-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2009.5178805]
[21]
Aljobouri HK, Jaber HA, Koçak OM, Algin O, Çankaya I. Clustering fMRI data with a robust unsupervised learning algorithm for neuroscience data mining. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 299: 45-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.02.007] [PMID: 29471065]
[22]
Sun X, Xu W. Fast implementation of DeLong’s algorithm for comparing the areas under correlated receiver operating characteristic curves. IEEE Signal Process Lett 2014; 21(11): 1389-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2014.2337313]
[23]
Baumgartner R, Windischberger C, Moser E. Quantification in functional magnetic resonance imaging: fuzzy clustering vs. correlation analysis. Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 16(2): 115-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0730-725X(97)00277-4] [PMID: 9508268]
[24]
Bock H-H, Diday E. Analysis of Symbolic Data 2000; 153-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57155-8]
[25]
Lindquist MA. The statistical analysis of fMRI Data. Stat Sci 2008; 23(4): 439-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-STS282]
[26]
Liao W, Chen H, Yang Q, Lei X. Analysis of fMRI data using improved self-organizing mapping and spatio-temporal metric hierarchical clustering. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2008; 27(10): 1472-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2008.923987] [PMID: 18815099]
[27]
Pereira F, Mitchell T, Botvinick M. Machine learning classifiers and fMRI: a tutorial overview. Neuroimage 2009; 45(Suppl 1.): S199-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.11.007] [PMID: 19070668]
[28]
Katwal SB, Gore JC, Rogers BP. Analyzing fMRI data with graph-based visualizations of self-organizing maps. Proceedings - International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging. 1577-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISBI.2011.5872703]
[29]
Qin AK, Suganthan PN. Enhanced neural gas network for prototype-based clustering. Pattern Recognit 2005; 38(8): 1275-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2004.12.007]
[30]
Zacks JM, Braver TS, Sheridan MA, et al. Human brain activity time-locked to perceptual event boundaries. Nat Neurosci 2001; 4(6): 651-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/88486] [PMID: 11369948]
[31]
Hasson U, Nir Y, Levy I, Fuhrmann G, Malach R. Intersubject synchronization of cortical activity during natural vision. Science 2004; 303(5664): 1634-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1089506] [PMID: 15016991]
[32]
Bartels A, Zeki S. Functional brain mapping during free viewing of natural scenes. Hum Brain Mapp 2004; 21(2): 75-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.10153] [PMID: 14755595]
[33]
Malinen S, Hlushchuk Y, Hari R. Towards natural stimulation in fMRI--issues of data analysis. Neuroimage 2007; 35(1): 131-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.015] [PMID: 17208459]
[34]
Lee MH, Hacker CD, Snyder AZ, et al. Clustering of resting state networks. PLoS One 2012; 7(7): e40370.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040370] [PMID: 22792291]
[35]
Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RS. Functional connectivity: the principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13(1): 5-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1993.4] [PMID: 8417010]
[36]
Friston KJ, Poline JB, Holmes AP, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS. A multivariate analysis of PET activation studies. Hum Brain Mapp 1996; 4(2): 140-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1996)4:2<140::AID-HBM5>3.0.CO;2-3] [PMID: 20408193]
[37]
Sychra JJ, Bandettini PA, Bhattacharya N, Lin Q. Synthetic images by subspace transforms. I. Principal components images and related filters. Med Phys 1994; 21(2): 193-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597374] [PMID: 8177152]
[38]
Backfrieder W, Baumgartner R, Sámal M, Moser E, Bergmann H. Quantification of intensity variations in functional MR images using rotated principal components. Phys Med Biol 1996; 41(8): 1425-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/41/8/011] [PMID: 8858728]
[39]
McKeown MJ, Makeig S, Brown GG, et al. Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation into independent spatial components. Hum Brain Mapp 1998; 6(3): 160-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:3<160::AID-HBM5>3.0.CO;2-1] [PMID: 9673671]
[40]
McKeown MJ, Jung TP, Makeig S, et al. Spatially independent activity patterns in functional MRI data during the stroop color-naming task. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95(3): 803-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.803] [PMID: 9448244]
[41]
McKeown MJ. Detection of consistently task-related activations in fMRI data with hybrid independent component analysis. Neuroimage 2000; 11(1): 24-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1999.0518] [PMID: 10686114]
[42]
Calhoun VD, Adali T, Pearlson GD, Pekar JJ. Spatial and temporal independent component analysis of functional MRI data containing a pair of task-related waveforms. Hum Brain Mapp 2001; 13(1): 43-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.1024] [PMID: 11284046]
[43]
Hyvarinen A, Karhunen J, Oja E. Independent component analysis J. Wiley 2001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471221317]
[44]
Marrelec G, Benali H, Ciuciu P, Pélégrini-Issac M, Poline JB. Robust Bayesian estimation of the hemodynamic response function in event-related BOLD fMRI using basic physiological information. Hum Brain Mapp 2003; 19(1): 1-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.10100] [PMID: 12731100]
[45]
Jain AK, Murty MN, Flynn PJ. Data clustering: A review.ACM Computing Surveys. 1999; pp. 264-323.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/331499.331504]
[46]
Martinetz T, Schulten KA. Neural Gas. Network Learns Topologies 1991; pp. 397-402.
[47]
Kohonen T. Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biol Cybern 1982; 43(1): 59-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337288]
[48]
Martinetz TM, Berkovich SG, Schulten KJ. ; Neural-gas’ network for vector quantization and its application to time-series prediction. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 1993; 4(4): 558-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/72.238311] [PMID: 18267757]
[49]
Haykin SS. Neural networks : a comprehensive foundation. Prentice Hall 1999.
[50]
Zemel R, Zemel R. A Minimum Description Length Framework for Unsupervised Learning 1993.
[51]
Ashburner J, Barnes G, Chen C-C, et al. SPM8 Manual The FIL Methods Group (and honorary members). 2013 .http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/
[52]
Anderberg MR. Cluster Analysis for Applications. 1st edition. Academic Press. Academic Press 1973.
[53]
Skudlarski P, Constable RT, Gore JC. ROC analysis of statistical methods used in functional MRI: individual subjects. Neuroimage 1999; 9(3): 311-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1999.0402] [PMID: 10075901]
[54]
Frey BJ, Dueck D. Clustering by passing messages between data points. Science 2007; 315(5814): 972-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1136800] [PMID: 17218491]
[55]
Rissanen J. A universal prior for integers and estimation by minimum description length. Ann Stat 1983; 11(2): 416-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176346150]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version495msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[15:06:47] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[15:06:48] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[15:06:48] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[15:06:48] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (119ms)time
  • Application (376ms)time
  • 1 x Application (75.89%)
    376ms
    1 x Booting (24.11%)
    119ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated278ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309679543','',1,1740496007,1740496007) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740496007
      2msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309679543','/article/108732',1,1740496007,1740496007)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309679543 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309679543) limit 1
      40.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 309679543
      • 1: 309679543
      • 2: 309679543
      • 3: 309679543
      • 4: 309679543
      • 5: 309679543
      • 6: 309679543
      • 7: 309679543
      • 8: 309679543
      • 9: 309679543
      • 10: 309679543
      • 11: 309679543
      • 12: 309679543
      • 13: 309679543
      • 14: 309679543
      • 15: 309679543
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=108732
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 33 limit 1
      1.27msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 33
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=33) and sj.journal_id!=33 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=33) and sj.journal_id!=33 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=33) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      820μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=33) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '108732'
      1.52msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 108732
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '108732'
      4.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 108732
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '108732' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      7.33msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 108732
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 33 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      46.31msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 33 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      24.33msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 33 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      14.51msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 108732 limit 1
      2.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 108732
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 108732 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 184394 limit 1
      3.51msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 184394
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CMIM' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CMIM
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '108732' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '10619' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2983' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2983) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2983) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2983)
      112msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10619) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10619) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10619)
      950μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 108732) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 108732) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309679543 and j.to_ip >=309679543 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496008 and j.to_date >= 1740496008 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 108732)
      840μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '352' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10619 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 352
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '365' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10619 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 365
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 108732 limit 1
      3.16msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 108732
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 33 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740496008 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740496008 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.52msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 33
      • 3: 1740496008
      • 4: 1740496008
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 33 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740496008 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740496008 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 33
      • 3: 1740496008
      • 4: 1740496008
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='4e2dc1d68f139a3c2fa6000f7ee344b6'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        QlATZaBcraC0hy3seVMmyuA7jlagrSylzeKO5Knc
        uc_cart_id
        4e2dc1d68f139a3c2fa6000f7ee344b6
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/108732" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/108732
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:06:48 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InF4UDQxSlRlZlRFcjVSZ2ZDYmQ0OWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVnYxMXByeFZKU0FJTHZsT1htWUhydHR6MDJDd25rR29kejJSb1dBTm9Nbk1oSmpCbUZuWExmVGJmTDV2RjMrYmtGTkdOL1hRTWZzQ093SUtCbVdXeFRVV2NEZE8raE51aENNN0RrckVhWDZabGJvNTlPeVhSTEQwc2xsTDcrdUwiLCJtYWMiOiIwY2RlMjk5NmQ3Yjg2ODlmMWNmODhkOTliZDIwY2FmNzg5ZjA1ZGE3MDY0OWU4ZTNhMWQyODA2OGI5MzBiZTRkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:06:48 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InF4UDQxSlRlZlRFcjVSZ2ZDYmQ0OWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVnYxMXByeFZKU0FJTHZsT1htWUhydHR6MDJDd25rR29kejJSb1dBTm9Nbk1oSmpCbUZuWExmVGJmTDV2RjMrYmtGTkdOL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkdOa3RuZS84Um4wa1ZDV05KRHRvUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWtyb29xYm11YW42cmIxenQ0TStFUk5TbDRZMG8yNnZLb2xRN2xVMHFZdUJ6VHhrYmlKZ2JiV0U0TWhNdms2R1F5dCtLUXdlRnFSTUlKbDc3SE5KK0pvY1dpM2ZETDRqdmE2TS9abi9ucC9vajByUFV1SUZWWGVXRENLZFAvL1AiLCJtYWMiOiJhNmQ0MDQxNWM3YTc5ZjE5ZGMzZDEzMGNiYTZmMWQ1MGNkYmVhMDcxZWNhMjBlYzc5ZWMwNzBlZWIwZWY2NjQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkdOa3RuZS84Um4wa1ZDV05KRHRvUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWtyb29xYm11YW42cmIxenQ0TStFUk5TbDRZMG8yNnZLb2xRN2xVMHFZdUJ6VHhrYmlKZ2JiV0U" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InF4UDQxSlRlZlRFcjVSZ2ZDYmQ0OWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVnYxMXByeFZKU0FJTHZsT1htWUhydHR6MDJDd25rR29kejJSb1dBTm9Nbk1oSmpCbUZuWExmVGJmTDV2RjMrYmtGTkdOL1hRTWZzQ093SUtCbVdXeFRVV2NEZE8raE51aENNN0RrckVhWDZabGJvNTlPeVhSTEQwc2xsTDcrdUwiLCJtYWMiOiIwY2RlMjk5NmQ3Yjg2ODlmMWNmODhkOTliZDIwY2FmNzg5ZjA1ZGE3MDY0OWU4ZTNhMWQyODA2OGI5MzBiZTRkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:06:48 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InF4UDQxSlRlZlRFcjVSZ2ZDYmQ0OWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVnYxMXByeFZKU0FJTHZsT1htWUhydHR6MDJDd25rR29kejJSb1dBTm9Nbk1oSmpCbUZuWExmVGJmTDV2RjMrYmtGTkdOL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkdOa3RuZS84Um4wa1ZDV05KRHRvUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWtyb29xYm11YW42cmIxenQ0TStFUk5TbDRZMG8yNnZLb2xRN2xVMHFZdUJ6VHhrYmlKZ2JiV0U0TWhNdms2R1F5dCtLUXdlRnFSTUlKbDc3SE5KK0pvY1dpM2ZETDRqdmE2TS9abi9ucC9vajByUFV1SUZWWGVXRENLZFAvL1AiLCJtYWMiOiJhNmQ0MDQxNWM3YTc5ZjE5ZGMzZDEzMGNiYTZmMWQ1MGNkYmVhMDcxZWNhMjBlYzc5ZWMwNzBlZWIwZWY2NjQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkdOa3RuZS84Um4wa1ZDV05KRHRvUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWtyb29xYm11YW42cmIxenQ0TStFUk5TbDRZMG8yNnZLb2xRN2xVMHFZdUJ6VHhrYmlKZ2JiV0U" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "QlATZaBcraC0hy3seVMmyuA7jlagrSylzeKO5Knc" "uc_cart_id" => "4e2dc1d68f139a3c2fa6000f7ee344b6" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/108732" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:06:48GET/article/108732414361