Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Chinese Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-2981
ISSN (Online): 2210-2914

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article Section: Nanotechnology

Exploring the Effect of the Number of Characteristic Groups in Melaminebased Polymers on the Photocatalytic Performance

Author(s): Zhenhua Jiang, Cailing Ni, Yubing Zhou and Yuancheng Qin*

Volume 1, Issue 1, 2021

Published on: 16 July, 2020

Page: [141 - 150] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/2210298101999200716191729

Abstract

Three polymers containing different numbers of thiophene groups were constructed. Degradation experiments on the aqueous solutions of tetracycline and norfloxacin revealed that the polymer with three thiophene groups in the monomer indicated the best degradation efficiency of 73.7% for tetracycline and 56.9% for norfloxacin. Moreover, this polymer had a relatively stronger ability to separate and transport photocharging carriers under visible light. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance of conjugated polymers could be regulated by changing the number of characteristic groups.

Background: Antibiotic residues in the environment are considered as one of the most serious sources of environmental pollution. Although catalyst photodegradation is regarded as the most promising strategy to solve environmental pollution-related problems, it still requires new and advanced photocatalysts.

Objective: To design new organic conjugated material structures.

Materials and Methods: Three polymers (ThME-1, ThME-2, and ThME-3) were prepared by the condensation of melamine with 2, 5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde, thieno[3, 2-b]thiophene-2, 5-dicarbaldehyde, and dithieno[3, 2-b:2’, 3’-d]thiophene-2, 6-dicarbaldehyde. The photocatalytic performance of these polymers was investigated by testing their diffused light absorption capacity, photocurrent response, AC impedance, specific surface area, fluorescence, and thermal stability.

Results: ThME-3, containing three thiophene groups in the monomer, manifested the best degradation efficiency of 73.7% for tetracycline and 56.9% for norfloxacin.

Conclusion: The photocatalytic performance of conjugated polymers could be regulated by changing the number of characteristic groups.

Keywords: Photocatalyst, conjugated polymer, thiophene group, melamine, antibiotic, degradation.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Rodríguez A, García J, Ovejero G, Mestanza M. Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes on activated carbon from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and kinetics. J Hazard Mater 2009; 172(2-3): 1311-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.138] [PMID: 19726130]
[2]
Abdi J, Vossoughi M, Mahmoodi NM, Alemzadeh I. Synthesis of amine-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ultrasound-assisted dye removal and modeling. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 39: 550-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.030] [PMID: 28732980]
[3]
Abdi J, Vossoughi M, Mahmoodi NM, Alemzadeh I. Synthesis of metal-organic framework hybrid nanocomposites based on GO and CNT with high adsorption capacity for dye removal. Chem Eng J 2017; 326: 1145-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.06.054]
[4]
Zhou C, Lai C, Huang D, et al. Highly porous carbon nitride by supramolecular preassembly of monomers for photocatalytic removal of sulfamethazine under visible light driven. Appl Catal B 2018; 220: 202-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.055]
[5]
Chao Y, Zhu W, Wu X, et al. Application of graphene-like layered molybdenum disulfide and its excellent adsorption behavior for doxycycline antibiotic. Chem Eng J 2014; 243: 60-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.12.048]
[6]
Zhou C, Wang Q, Zhou C. Photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by molecular assembly porous carbon nitride: Activity studies and artificial neural networks modeling. Chem Phys Lett 2020.750137479
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137479]
[7]
Kallenborn R, Brorström-Lundén E, Reiersen L-O, Wilson S. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Arctic environments: indicator contaminants for assessing local and remote anthropogenic sources in a pristine ecosystem in change. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25(33): 33001-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9726-6] [PMID: 28762048]
[8]
Wang W, Tadé MO, Shao Z. Research progress of perovskite materials in photocatalysis- and photovoltaics-related energy conversion and environmental treatment. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44(15): 5371-408.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00113G] [PMID: 25976276]
[9]
Chen C, Ma W, Zhao J. Semiconductor-mediated photodegradation of pollutants under visible-light irradiation. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39(11): 4206-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b921692h] [PMID: 20852775]
[10]
Zhu J, Wei S, Gu H, et al. One-pot synthesis of magnetic graphene nanocomposites decorated with core@double-shell nanoparticles for fast chromium removal. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46(2): 977-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es2014133] [PMID: 22126606]
[11]
Otero-González L, García-Saucedo C, Field JA, Sierra-Álvarez R. Toxicity of TiO2, ZrO2, Fe0, Fe2O3, and Mn2O3 nanoparticles to the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chemosphere 2013; 93(6): 1201-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.075] [PMID: 23886442]
[12]
Chen J, Dong CL, Zhao D, et al. Molecular design of polymer heterojunctions for efficient solar-hydrogen conversion. Adv Mater 2017; 29(21): 1606198-2207.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606198] [PMID: 28370535]
[13]
Wang H, Yuan XZ, Wu Y, et al. Synthesis and applications of novel graphitic carbon nitride/metal-organic frameworks mesoporous photocatalyst for dyes removal. Appl Catal B 2015; 174-175: 445-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.037]
[14]
Floresyona D, Goubard F, Aubert PH, et al. Highly active poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanostructures for photocatalysis under solar light. Appl Catal B 2017; 209: 23-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.069]
[15]
He S, Rong Q, Niu H, Cai Y. Construction of a superior visible-light-driven photocatalyst based on a C3N4 active centre-photoelectron shift platform-electron withdrawing unit triadic structure covalent organic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53(69): 9636-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7CC04515H] [PMID: 28809971]
[16]
Wang S, Liu YC, Meng XY, Du JF, Song XW, Liang ZQ. Ultrahigh volatile iodine capture by conjugated microporous polymer based on N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine. Polym Chem 2019; 10: 2608-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9PY00288J]
[17]
Zhao H, Jin Z, Su H, et al. Target synthesis of a novel porous aromatic framework and its highly selective separation of CO(2)/CH(4). Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49(27): 2780-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc38474h] [PMID: 23439946]
[18]
Hou S, Razzaque S, Tan B. Effects of synthetic methodology on microporous organic hyper-cross-linked polymers with respect to structural porosity, gas uptake performance and fluorescence properties. Polym Chem 2019; 10: 1299-311.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8PY01730A]
[19]
Xu YF, Mao N, Zhang C, et al. Rational design of donor-π-acceptor conjugated microporous polymers for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Appl Catal B 2018; 228: 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.01.073]
[20]
Vyas VS, Haase F, Stegbauer L, et al. A tunable azine covalent organic framework platform for visible light-induced hydrogen generation. Nat Commun 2015; 6: 8508-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9508] [PMID: 26419805]
[21]
Xu YF, Zhang C, Mu P, et al. Tetra-armed conjugated microporous polymers for gas adsorption and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Science China 2017; 8: 1075-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-017-9077-0]
[22]
Yang C, Ma BC, Zhang L, et al. Molecular Engineering of conjugated polybenzothiadiazoles for enhanced hydrogen production by photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55(32): 9202-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201603532] [PMID: 27304879]
[23]
Guo L, Jin S. Stable covalent organic frameworks for photochemical applications. ChemPhotoChem 2019; 3(10): 973-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201900089]
[24]
Vakarelski IU, Higashitani K. Dynamic features of short-range interaction force and adhesion in solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2001; 242(1): 110-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7793]
[25]
Li F, Wang DK, Xing QJ, et al. Design and syntheses of MOF/COF hybrid materials via postsynthetic covalent modification: an efficient strategy to boost the visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Appl Catal B 2018; 243: 621-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.043]
[26]
Fan J, Li Y, Bisoyi HK, et al. Light-directing omnidirectional circularly polarized reflection from liquid-crystal droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54(7): 2160-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201410788] [PMID: 25487252]
[27]
Xu YF, Mao N, Feng S, et al. Perylene-containing conjugated microporous polymers for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Macromol Chem Phys 2017; 218(14): 1700049-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201700049]
[28]
Cui W, An W, Liu L, Hu J, Liang Y. Synthesis of CdS/BiOBr composite and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation for rhodamine B. Appl Surf Sci 2014; 319(15): 298-305.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.179]
[29]
Huang HJ, Wu J-S, Chiang H-P, et al. Review of experimental setups for plasmonic photocatalytic reactions. Catalysts 2020; 10: 46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010046]
[30]
Chau YF, Hu CC, Jheng CY. Numerical investigation of surface plasmon resonance effects on photocatalytic activities using silver nanobeads photodeposited onto a titanium dioxide layer. Opt Commun 2014; 331: 223-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.06.018]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
11
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy