Abstract
Background: The binary mixtures of isopropanol/isobutanol/isoamyl alcohol with an equimolar mixture of ethanol and formamide consist of different ultrasonic properties, which have been studied at room temperature at a fixed frequency of 2 MHz. The ultrasonic-related physical parameters like velocity (U), density (ρ), adiabatic compressibility (βad), intermolecular free length (Lf), acoustic impedance (Z), etc., have been studied. The theoretical evaluation of ultrasonic velocity in liquid mixtures offers a transparent method for the study of the nature of molecular interactions in the mixtures besides verifying the applicability of different theories such as Nomoto’s, Van Dael and Vangeel’s, Impedance Dependence relation, Junjie’s relation, Rao’s specific sound velocity relation, and Jacobson’s relations, Percentage deviations of theoretical ultrasonic velocities from experimental values in the mixtures of all liquid mixture and also calculated values of ultrasonic velocity from polynomials for all the schemes with mole fraction (x) of isopropanol/isobutanol/ isoamyl alcohol.
Objective: The main focus of the present work was to prepare the structural changes associated with the liquid mixtures having weakly interacting components and strongly interacting components. The study of molecular association in mixtures providing exact information of thermodynamic mixing properties, such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, free volume, internal pressure, and molar volume, has significant importance in theoretical and applied areas of research. The ultrasonic study has been a subject of keen interest during the past many years. This branch of physical sciences has played a significant role in deciding the interactions between the molecules of compounds under study. It has a potential tool for evaluating energy exchange between various degrees of freedom and nonlinear properties in binary liquid mixtures.
Methods: The binary liquid mixtures were prepared by mixing two components, by weight, using an electronic analytical balance (Reptech RA-2012), accurate up to ±0.0001 g. The average uncertainty in mole fraction of binary mixtures was estimated to be ±0.0001. To avoid loss of solvent due to evaporation, mixtures were stored in specially designed ground-glass airtight ampoules and placed in a dark place to prevent photolytic effects.
Results: These empirical fittings of data are described qualitatively and quantitatively using experimental speed data even in the specific interaction predominant region where non-ideal behavior of the mixture is observed. The values of sound velocities and percentage deviation (after determining the co-efficient of the polynomial equations by applying the least squares method) are compiled in the tables, respectively.
Conclusion: The ultrasonic velocities and densities for all three mixtures were measured, and the values were calculated. The observed trends of VEm, ΔkS and LEf indicate the presence of weak interactions, and the strength of these interactions follows the order EMM+IPA>EMM +IBA>EMM+IAA. Besides, the ultrasonic velocities measured from different velocity theories were found to be consistent with the experimentally measured ultrasonic velocities. Among these theories, Jacobson’s velocity equation showed a good result for the experimental and theoretical ultrasonic velocity values for all the binary mixtures used.
Keywords: Ultrasonic velocities, percentage deviations, molecular interactions, polynomials, parameters, binary mixtures.
Graphical Abstract
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