Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Radiopharmaceuticals

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1874-4710
ISSN (Online): 1874-4729

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Analysis of Cell Fraction of 99mTc-HMPAO Radiolabeled Leukocytes

Author(s): Eun-Mi Kim, Hwan-Jeong Jeong*, Seok-Tae Lim and Myung-Hee Sohn

Volume 13, Issue 2, 2020

Page: [142 - 148] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1874471013666200510015742

open access plus

Abstract

Purpose: 99mTc-HMPAO radiolabeled autologous leukocyte scintigraphy is routinely used clinically for infection imaging. Leukocytes are mostly separated via sedimentation. It is unknown whether leukocytes are clearly separated by sedimentation or selectively labeled. Therefore, in this study, the blood cell numbers were investigated after leukocyte radiolabeling to identify the cells strongly radiolabeled by 99mTc-HMPAO.

Methods: This study was performed with leftover blood samples of the patients who underwent 99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy at Chonbuk National University Hospital (2018-2019). The blood of 22 patients was drawn for 99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy. WBCs were separated via conventional sedimentation at our clinic and radiolabeled. The concentration of cell components was determined using an automatic hematology analyzer. The cells in the final sample injectate sample were separated using Histopaque and counted with a dose calibrator.

Results: The average numbers of RBCs, WBCs, and PLTs in the final injection sample were 79 ± 33, 23.26 ± 11.95, and 229.5 ± 206.57 x 103/μL, respectively. The PLT number was almost 10-fold the number of WBCs. The number of RBCs was nearly 3-fold higher than WBCs [RBC/WBC ratio = 4.67 ± 3.58, and PLT/WBC ratio = 10.65 ± 12.46]. Following Histopaque separation, the activity of each layer showed 99mTc-HMPAO labeling of WBC > RBC > PLT in order. The total activity/cell numbers of WBCs, RBCs and PLTs were 0.016 ± 0.010, 0.005 ± 0.005 and 0.003 ± 0.002, respectively (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Although the numbers of RBCs and PLTs were highly increased after sedimentation, their individual cellular activity was lower than that of WBCs. 99mTc-HMPAO was more selective to WBCs than RBCs or PLTs. In conclusion, a higher number of WBCs were radiolabeled compared with RBCs and PLTs.

Keywords: WBC, PLT, RBC, 99mTc-HMPAO, histopaque, inflammation, leukocytes, chromatography.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Aydın, F.; Kın Cengiz, A.; Güngör, F. Tc-99mlabeled HMPAO white blood cell scintigraphy in pediatric patients. Mol. Imaging Radionucl. Ther., 2012, 21(1), 13-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/Mirt.165] [PMID: 23487346]
[2]
Palestro, C.J.; Love, C.; Bhargava, K.K. Labeled leukocyte imaging: current status and future directions. Q. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2009, 53(1), 105-123.
[PMID: 19182734]
[3]
Auletta, S.; Riolo, D.; Varani, M.; Lauri, C.; Galli, F.; Signore, A. Labelling and clinical performance of human leukocytes labelled with 99mTc-HMPAO using Leukokit® with gelofusine versus Leukokit® with HES as sedimentation agent. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging, 2019, 20194368342
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4368342]] [PMID: 31019414]
[4]
Peters, A.M.; Danpure, H.J.; Osman, S.; Hawker, R.J.; Henderson, B.L.; Hodgson, H.J.; Kelly, J.D.; Neirinckx, R.D.; Lavender, J.P. Clinical experience with 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene-amineoxime for labelling leucocytes and imaging inflammation. Lancet, 1986, 2(8513), 946-949.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90601-X] [PMID: 2877132]
[5]
Auletta, S.; Iodice, V.; Galli, F.; Lepareur, N.; Devillers, A.; Signore, A. Study of binding kinetics and specificity of [99mTc]SSS-complex and 99mTc-HMPAO to blood cells. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging, 2018, 20185603902
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5603902] [PMID: 30498401]
[6]
Tsopelas, C. Radiotracers used for the scintigraphic detection of infection and inflammation. ScientificWorldJournal, 2015, 2015676719
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/676719] [PMID: 25741532]
[7]
de Vries, E.F.; Roca, M.; Jamar, F.; Israel, O.; Signore, A. Guidelines for the labelling of leucocytes with (99m)Tc-HMPAO. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2010, 37(4), 842-848.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-010-1394-4] [PMID: 20198473]
[8]
Palestro, CJ; Brown, ML; Greenspan, BS; McAfee, JG; Royal, HD; Schauwecker, DS Society of nuclear medicine procedure guideline for [99mTc]exametazime (HMPAO)-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for suspected infection/inflammation Society of nuclear medicine procedure guidelines Ver 3.0 2004, 2.
[9]
Leveque, F.; Bhargava, K.; Nichols, K.; Pugliese, P.; Palestro, C. Analysis of the composition of 111In-labeled leukocyte preparation used for imaging inflammation and infection. J. Nucl. Med., 2012, 53(Suppl. 1), 2146.
[10]
Leveque, F.; Bhargava, K.; Pugliese, P.; Nichols, K.; Palestro, C. Relationship between cell concentration and image quality of 111In-labeled leukocyte scans. J. Nucl. Med., 2013, 54(Suppl. 2), 2505.
[11]
Neirinckx, R.D.; Burke, J.F.; Harrison, R.C.; Forster, A.M.; Andersen, A.R.; Lassen, N.A. The retention mechanism of technetium-99m-HM-PAO: intracellular reaction with glutathione. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 1988, 8(6), S4-S12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.27] [PMID: 3192641]
[12]
Becker, W.; Börner, W.; Borst, U. 99Tcm hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) as a platelet label: evaluation of labelling parameters and first in vivo results. Nucl. Med. Commun., 1988, 9(10), 831-842.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-198810000-00024] [PMID: 3211441]
[13]
Vorne, M.S.; Honkanen, T.T.; Lantto, T.J.; Laitinen, R.O.; Karppinen, K.J.; Jauhola, S.V. Thrombus imaging with 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled platelets and 111In-labeled monoclonal antifibrin antibodies. Acta Radiol., 1993, 34(1), 59-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519303400113] [PMID: 8427751]
[14]
Prats, E.; Civeira, E.; Abós, M.D.; Garcia-Lopez, F.; Banzo, J. Tc-99m HMPAO labeled platelets in the detection of left ventricular throm-bosis post acute myocardial infarction. Clin. Nucl. Med., 1996, 21(11), 864-866.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199611000-00008] [PMID: 8922848]
[15]
Bassa, P.; García Garzón, J.R.; Piera, C.; Pavía, A.; Minoves, M.; Moragas, M.; Pavía, J.; Lomeña, F.; Setoain, J. Procedure for red blood cell labelling with 99mTc-HMPAO. Methodology and quality control. Nucl. Med. Biol., 1994, 21(7), 963-967.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)90086-8] [PMID: 9234351]
[16]
Hammersley, P.A.; Nkohkwo, A.T. Studies on white blood cell labelling: (99)Tc(m)-HMPAO preferentially labels granulocytes. Nucl. Med. Commun., 2001, 22(9), 981-986.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-200109000-00007] [PMID: 11505207]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
6
1
1
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy