Abstract
Background: Every woman has the right to have children.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the Jurisprudence study of the importance of the role of a woman right to have a child.
Methods: A review of the literature with keywords of motherhood. The viewpoints of the jurists, jurisprudent law, right contraception and breastfeeding, spiritual rewards, pregnant women, instinct of having a child and the Quran. The Information Centers such as Scopus and Iranmedex, Magi ran SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pub med, and in the returns without any time limitations up to 2018. Therefore, Qur'anic verses based on the topic and authentic Hadith texts as well as authoritative, authentic scientific articles.
Results: Narrations and Quran verses on greatness and respect of a mother show the importance of the maternal role. The maternal role is a fabulous facet of perfection of a woman and Islam has considered spiritual rewards for it. In the Quran, many biological changes such as pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding and taking care of a child and spiritual characteristics of mothers as the instinct seeking a child or generosity towards child have been mentioned. Islamic rules have a duty to extend this culture and aid mothers to achieve this right. Nobody can deprive a woman of it.
Conclusion: In view of jurisprudent rules in Islam, if there is no limitation or natural barrier for a woman to have a child but her husband’s illogical unwillingness for having a child; this is, according to article 1130 of civil law, a kind of distress and embarrassment and the woman has the right to divorce.
Keywords: Mother, right, divorce, embarrassment, jurisprudent, law.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Simpson K, Creehan PA. AWHONN’s Perinatal Nursing: Co-Published with AWHONN. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Publisher 2007; pp. 115-20.
[2]
Mokhtaryan T, Yazdanpanahi Z, Akbarzadeh M, Amooee S, Zare N. The impact of Islamic religious education on anxiety level in primipara mothers. J Family Med Prim Care 2016; 5(2): 331-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.192314] [PMID: 27843837]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.192314] [PMID: 27843837]
[3]
Akbarzadeh M, Masoudi Z, Zare N, Vaziri F. Comparison of the effects of doula supportive care and acupressure at the BL32 point on the mother’s anxiety level and delivery outcome. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015; 20(2): 239-46.
[PMID: 25878703]
[PMID: 25878703]
[4]
Khajehei M, Sharif F, Hadzic M. High-risk pregnancy: Effects on postpartum depression and anxiety. BJM 2012; 20(2): 104-13.
[5]
Dokuhaki S, Heidary M, Akbarzadeh M. Investigation of the effect of training attachment behaviors to pregnant mothers on some physical indicators of their infants from birth to three months based on the separation of male and female infants. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60(3): 324-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.08.002] [PMID: 30201446]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.08.002] [PMID: 30201446]
[6]
Dokuhaki A, Akbarzadeh M, Pishva N, Zare N. A study of the effect of training pregnant women about attachment skills on infants motor development indices at birth to four months Fam Med Prim Care Rev 2017; 19(2): 114-22 https://www.termedia.pl/A-study-of-the-effect-of-training-pregnant-women-about-attachment-skills-on-infants-motor-development-indices-at-birth-to-four-months,95,29980,0,1.html
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2017.67864]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2017.67864]
[7]
Akbarzadeh M, Rafiee B, Asadi N, Zare N. Comparative effect of attachment and relaxation training on perception of fetal movement and mother’s anxiety in primiparous women: A randomized controlled study. Trends Med Res 2016; 11(2): 62-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tmr.2016.62.68]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tmr.2016.62.68]
[8]
Akbarzade M, Rafiee B, Asadi N, Zare N. The effect of maternal relaxation training on reactivity of non-stress test, Basal fetal heart rate, and number of fetal heart accelerations: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2015; 3(1): 51-9.
[PMID: 25553334]
[PMID: 25553334]
[9]
Saastad E, Ahlborg T, Frøen JF. Low maternal awareness of fetal movement is associated with small for gestational age infants. J Midwifery Womens Health 2008; 53(4): 345-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.03.001] [PMID: 18586188]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.03.001] [PMID: 18586188]
[10]
Maeda K, Morokuma S, Yoshida S, Ito T, Pooh RK, Serizawa M. Fetal behavior analyzed by ultrasonic actocardiogram in cases with central nervous system lesions. J Perinat Med 2006; 34(5): 398-403.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/JPM.2006.079] [PMID: 16965227]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/JPM.2006.079] [PMID: 16965227]
[11]
Cunningham F, Gant N, Leveno K, Gilstrap L, Hauth J. Williams obstetrics. 21st ed. Michigan: Mc Grow-Hill 2001; pp. 385-8.
[12]
Velazquez MD, Rayburn WF, William F, Rayburn MD. Antenatal evaluation of the fetus using fetal movement monitoring. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2002; 45(4): 993-1004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200212000-00006] [PMID: 12438877]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200212000-00006] [PMID: 12438877]
[13]
Lindert J, Bain PA, Kubzansky LD, Stein C. Well-being measurement and the WHO health policy Health 2010: systematic review of measurement scales. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25(4): 731-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku193] [PMID: 25616594]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku193] [PMID: 25616594]
[14]
Rafii GH. [The role of prayer on physical health] Qom Univ Med Sci J 2011; 5(3): 66-73. . [Persian].
[15]
Omidvari S. Spiritual health, its nature and the instruments used. Ir J Psychiat Clin Psychol 2010; 16(3): 274. [Persian].
[16]
Happell B, Wilson R, McNamara P. Undergraduate mental health nursing education in Australia: More than Mental Health First Aid. Collegian 2015; 22(4): 433-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2014.07.003] [PMID: 26775530]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2014.07.003] [PMID: 26775530]
[17]
Yuan W, Wang L. Optimism and attributional style impact on the relationship between general insecurity and mental health. Pers Individ Dif 2016; 101: 312-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.005]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.005]
[18]
Bahramkhani I, Bahramkhani F. [The role Quran in the human spiritual and mental health] Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences Web Site; 2015 Available from: http://sbmu.ac.ir/uploads/.pdf.( [Accessed on: November 15, 2015].).
[23]
Bayyenat S,, Ghazizade Hashemi AH,, Purbaferani A,, Saeidi M,. Khodaee Gh. The Importance of Breastfeeding in Holy Quran. Int J Pediatr 2014;; 2(4.1): 339-47.
[26]
Mustadrak al-Wasāil vol 2, pp 550 Available from: http://en.wikishia.net/view/Mustadrak_al-wasa%27il_(book). ([Accessed on: November 15, 2015].).
[27]
Mustadrak al-Wasāil vol 24, pp 245 Available from: http://en.wikishia.net/view/Mustadrak_al-wasa%27il_(book). (Accessed on: November 15, 2015].).
[30]
Khademi G, Abbasi MA, Bahreini A, Saeidi M. Customs and desirable after childbirth, in Islam. Int J Pediatr 2016; 4(1): 1195-204.
[31]
Sharma D, Farahbakhsh N, Sharma S, Sharma P, Sharma A. Role of kangaroo mother care in growth and breast feeding rates in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 32(1): 129-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1304535] [PMID: 28274153]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1304535] [PMID: 28274153]
[32]
Sharma D, Shastri S, Sharma P. Role of lactoferrin in neonatal care: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30(16): 1920-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2016.1232384] [PMID: 27593940]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2016.1232384] [PMID: 27593940]
[33]
Venkatesh MP, Abrams SA. Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (5): CD007137
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007137.pub2] [PMID: 20464748]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007137.pub2] [PMID: 20464748]
[34]
Veghari G. Association of economic status with breastfeeding rates in Northern Iran. J Pak Med Assoc 2012; 62(8): 756-9.
[PMID: 23862243]
[PMID: 23862243]
[35]
Karimi FZ, Sadeghi R, Maleki-Saghooni N, Khadivzadeh T. The effect of mother-infant skin to skin contact on success and duration of first breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58(1): 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2018.11.002] [PMID: 30638460]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2018.11.002] [PMID: 30638460]
[36]
Donkor ES, Naab F, Kussiwaah DY. “I am anxious and desperate”: psychological experiences of women with infertility in The Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Fertil Res Pract 2017; 3: 6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40738-017-0033-1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40738-017-0033-1]
[37]
Fisher JR, Hammarberg K. Psychological and social aspects of infertility in men: an overview of the evidence and implications for psychologically informed clinical care and future research. Asian J Androl 2012; 14(1): 121-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aja.2011.72] [PMID: 22179515]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aja.2011.72] [PMID: 22179515]
[40]
Issa Zadeh Kh. Investigation of the rule of negation of despair and haraj in religious jurisprudence. J Hable Almatin 2014; 3(7): 39-51.http://hablolmatin.dmsonnat.ir/?_action=articleInfo&article=1098
[41]
Azizi S. Hardship at the request of wife. J Civil Legal Sci 2017; 1(1): 217-33.https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=524347 [GHANONYAR].
[42]
Afzali Ghaderi F. Investigation of the rule of divorce and divorce at the request of the wife J Women's Strategic Studies 2000; 10: 78-95 http://ensani.ir/fa/article/journal-number/14726/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-1379-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-10-
[43]
Lakatos E, Szigeti JF, Ujma PP, Sexty R, Balog P. Anxiety and depression among infertile women: a cross-sectional survey from Hungary. BMC Womens Health 2017; 17(1): 48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0410-2] [PMID: 28738833]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0410-2] [PMID: 28738833]
[44]
Galhardo A, Alves J, Moura-Ramos M, Cunha M. Infertility-related stress and depressive symptoms - the role of experiential avoidance: A cross-sectional study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 1-12. Epub ahead of print
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1612046] [PMID: 31046433]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1612046] [PMID: 31046433]
[45]
Redshaw M, Hockley C, Davidson LL. A qualitative study of the experience of treatment for infertility among women who successfully became pregnant. Hum Reprod 2007; 22(1): 295-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del344] [PMID: 16959809]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del344] [PMID: 16959809]
[46]
Hamerli K, Znoj H, Berger T. What are the issues confronting infertile women? a qualitative and quantitative approach. Qual Rep 2010; 15(4): 766-82.
[47]
Domar AD, Niclsen B, Dusek J, Paul D, Penzias AS, Mcrari D. The impact of spirituality/religiosity on distress in infertile women. Fertil Steril 2001; 73: 805-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00493-8] [PMID: 10731544]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00493-8] [PMID: 10731544]
[48]
Latifnejad Roudsari R, Allan HT. Women’s experiences and preferences in relation to infertility counselling: A multifaith dialogue. Int J Fertil Steril 2011; 5(3): 158-67.
[PMID: 25101160]
[PMID: 25101160]
[49]
Sundby J. Infertility in the Gambia: traditional and modern health care. Patient Educ Couns 1997; 31(1): 29-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0738-3991(97)01006-9] [PMID: 9197800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0738-3991(97)01006-9] [PMID: 9197800]
Article Metrics
14
2
1
1