Sulphonamide: Distribution, Toxicology, Environmental Characteristics, and Analysis - A Review

Kirubanandam    Grace    Pavithra; Vasudevan       Jaikumar; Ponnusamy    Senthil    Kumar; Panneer Selvam       Sundar Rajan

doi:10.2174/1573411016666200108150816

Abstract

Background: Many antibiotics were widely used as medication based on their distinctive features. Among them, sulphonamides were commonly and mainly used for bacterial treatment, however, the recalcitrant nature makes them difficult to dispose of. Hence, their interaction with the environment and analytic technique requires considerable attention globally.

Objective: Therefore, this review aimed to provide a detailed discussion about environmental as well as human health behavior and analytic techniques corresponding to sulphonamides.

Methods: Various results and discussion were extracted from technical journals and books published by different researchers from all over the world. The cited bibliographic references were intentionally investigated in order to extract relevant information related to the proposed work.

Results: In this review, the determination techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, Enthalpimetry, Immunosensor, Chromatography, Chemiluminescence, Photoinduced fluorometric determination and Capillary electrophoresis for sulphonamide determination were discussed in detail. Among them, High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-spectroscopy were effective and extensively used for screening sulphonamide.

Conclusion: Knowing the quantification and behavior of sulphonamide in aqueous solution is mandatory to opt for the suitable wastewater treatment required. Hence, choosing appropriate high precision and feasible screening techniques is necessary, which can be attained with this review.

Keywords: Antibiotics, chromatography, detection, pharmaceuticals, sulphonamides, toxic.

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Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016666200108150816	Print ISSN 1573-4110
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-6727

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