Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

The Relevance of Single-nucleotide Polymorphism +62 G>A to the Expression of Resistin Gene Affecting Serum Resistin Levels in Metabolic Syndrome in the Egyptian Population

Author(s): Sherine M. Ibrahim* and Afaf A. Bastawy

Volume 21, Issue 7, 2020

Page: [626 - 634] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191210122851

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition consisting of risk factors associated with type two diabetes and developing cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that resistin is a linkage between obesity, inflammation and type two diabetes. This study aims to investigate whether Resistin Gene (RETN) polymorphism (+62G>A) is linked to MS and resistin levels among the Egyptian population.

Methods: This study was performed with 310 Egyptian volunteers: 160 MS subjects and 150 controls. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical variables were determined. The RETN +62G>A polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-RFLP technique.

Results: The resistin levels of the MS group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Resistin levels were positively correlated with anthropometric parameters and liver biomarkers in the MS group. According to RETN +62G>A polymorphism, carriers with the A allele (GA/AA) had significantly increased resistin levels than subjects with the GG genotype, consequently, the RETN +62G >A polymorphism was found to be related to MS, biochemical parameters and anthropometric variables.

Conclusion: These findings propose that the RETN +62G>A polymorphism has a great impact on the circulating resistin concentrations, and that resistin levels are strongly related to MS. Therefore, this RETN polymorphism is related to the risk of the prevalence of MS in the Egyptians.

Keywords: Resistin, gene polymorphisms, metabolic syndrome, obesity, RETN +62G>A, Egyptian population.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Isomaa, B.; Almgren, P.; Tuomi, T.; Forsén, B.; Lahti, K.; Nissén, M.; Taskinen, M.R.; Groop, L. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 2001, 24(4), 683-689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.4.683] [PMID: 11315831]
[2]
Ford, E.S.; Giles, W.H.; Dietz, W.H. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA, 2002, 287(3), 356-359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.3.356] [PMID: 11790215]
[3]
Grundy, S.M.; Brewer, H.B., Jr; Cleeman, J.I.; Smith, S.C., Jr; Lenfant, C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation, 2004, 109(3), 433-438.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6] [PMID: 14744958]
[4]
Montague, C.T.; O’Rahilly, S. The perils of portliness: causes and consequences of visceral adiposity. Diabetes, 2000, 49(6), 883-888.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.49.6.883] [PMID: 10866038]
[5]
Matsuzawa, Y.; Funahashi, T.; Nakamura, T. Molecular mechanism of metabolic syndrome X: contribution of adipocytokines adipocyte-derived bioactive substances. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1999, 892, 146-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07793.x] [PMID: 10842660]
[6]
Spiegelman, B.M.; Flier, J.S. Obesity and the regulation of energy balance. Cell, 2001, 104(4), 531-543.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00240-9] [PMID: 11239410]
[7]
Kahn, B.B.; Flier, J.S. Obesity and insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest., 2000, 106(4), 473-481.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI10842] [PMID: 10953022]
[8]
Friedman, J.M. Obesity in the new millennium. Nature, 2000, 404(6778), 632-634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35007504] [PMID: 10766249]
[9]
Saltiel, A.R.; Kahn, C.R. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature, 2001, 414(6865), 799-806.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414799a] [PMID: 11742412]
[10]
Uysal, K.T.; Wiesbrock, S.M.; Marino, M.W.; Hotamisligil, G.S. Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-alpha function. Nature, 1997, 389(6651), 610-614.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/39335] [PMID: 9335502]
[11]
Steppan, C.M.; Bailey, S.T.; Bhat, S.; Brown, E.J.; Banerjee, R.R.; Wright, C.M.; Patel, H.R.; Ahima, R.S.; Lazar, M.A. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature, 2001, 409(6818), 307-312.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35053000] [PMID: 11201732]
[12]
Banerjee, R.R.; Rangwala, S.M.; Shapiro, J.S.; Rich, A.S.; Rhoades, B.; Qi, Y.; Wang, J.; Rajala, M.W.; Pocai, A.; Scherer, P.E.; Steppan, C.M.; Ahima, R.S.; Obici, S.; Rossetti, L.; Lazar, M.A. Regulation of fasted blood glucose by resistin. Science, 2004, 303(5661), 1195-1198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1092341] [PMID: 14976316]
[13]
Bouchard, L.; Weisnagel, S.J.; Engert, J.C.; Hudson, T.J.; Bouchard, C.; Vohl, M.C.; Pérusse, L. Human resistin gene polymorphism is associated with visceral obesity and fasting and oral glucose stimulated C-peptide in the Québec Family Study. J. Endocrinol. Invest., 2004, 27(11), 1003-1009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03345301] [PMID: 15754730]
[14]
Pizzuti, A.; Argiolas, A.; Di Paola, R.; Baratta, R.; Rauseo, A.; Bozzali, M.; Vigneri, R.; Dallapiccola, B.; Trischitta, V.; Frittitta, L. An ATG repeat in the 3′-untranslated region of the human resistin gene is associated with a decreased risk of insulin resistance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2002, 87(9), 4403-4406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020096] [PMID: 12213907]
[15]
Kumar, S.; Gupta, V.; Srivastava, N.; Gupta, V.; Mishra, S.; Mishra, S.; Natu Shankar, M.; Roy, U.; Chandra, A.; Negi, M.P.; Kumar, S. Resistin 420C/G gene polymorphism on circulating resistin, metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance in adult women. Immunol. Lett., 2014, 162(2 Pt B), 287-291.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.009] [PMID: 25088792]
[16]
Engert, J.C.; Vohl, M.C.; Williams, S.M.; Lepage, P.; Loredo-Osti, J.C.; Faith, J.; Doré, C.; Renaud, Y.; Burtt, N.P.; Villeneuve, A.; Hirschhorn, J.N.; Altshuler, D.; Groop, L.C.; Després, J.P.; Gaudet, D.; Hudson, T.J. 5′ flanking variants of resistin are associated with obesity. Diabetes, 2002, 51(5), 1629-1634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.5.1629] [PMID: 11978666]
[17]
McTernan, C.L.; McTernan, P.G.; Harte, A.L.; Levick, P.L.; Barnett, A.H.; Kumar, S. Resistin, central obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Lancet, 2002, 359(9300), 46-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07281-1] [PMID: 11809189]
[18]
Kunnari, A.; Ukkola, O.; Kesäniemi, Y.A. Resistin polymorphisms are associated with cerebrovascular disease in Finnish Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet. Med., 2005, 22(5), 583-589.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01480.x] [PMID: 15842513]
[19]
Reilly, M.P.; Lehrke, M.; Wolfe, M.L.; Rohatgi, A.; Lazar, M.A.; Rader, D.J. Resistin is an inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Circulation, 2005, 111(7), 932-939.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000155620.10387.43] [PMID: 15710760]
[20]
Muse, E.D.; Feldman, D.I.; Blaha, M.J.; Dardari, Z.A.; Blumenthal, R.S.; Budoff, M.J.; Nasir, K.; Criqui, M.H.; Cushman, M.; McClelland, R.L.; Allison, M.A. The association of resistin with cardiovascular disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 2015, 239(1), 101-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.044] [PMID: 25585029]
[21]
Maggio, A.B.; Wacker, J.; Montecucco, F.; Galan, K.; Pelli, G.; Mach, F.; Beghetti, M.; Farpour-Lambert, N.J. Serum resistin and inflammatory and endothelial activation markers in obese adolescents. J. Pediatr., 2012, 161(6), 1022-1027.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.063] [PMID: 22884361]
[22]
Gherlan, I.; Vladoiu, S.; Alexiu, F.; Giurcaneanu, M.; Oros, S.; Brehar, A.; Procopiuc, C.; Dumitrache, C. Adipocytokine profile and insulin resistance in childhood obesity. Maedica (Buchar.), 2012, 7(3), 205-213.
[PMID: 23400230]
[23]
Owecki, M.; Nikisch, E.; Miczke, A.; Pupek-Musialik, D.; Sowiński, J. Serum resistin is related to plasma HDL cholesterol and inversely correlated with LDL cholesterol in diabetic and obese humans. Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 2010, 31(5), 673-678.
[PMID: 21173741]
[24]
Uslu, S.; Kebapçi, N.; Kara, M.; Bal, C. Relationship between adipocytokines and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp. Ther. Med., 2012, 4(1), 113-120.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.557] [PMID: 23060933]
[25]
Conneely, K.N.; Silander, K.; Scott, L.J.; Mohlke, K.L.; Lazaridis, K.N.; Valle, T.T.; Tuomilehto, J.; Bergman, R.N.; Watanabe, R.M.; Buchanan, T.A.; Collins, F.S.; Boehnke, M. Variation in the resistin gene is associated with obesity and insulin-related phenotypes in Finnish subjects. Diabetologia, 2004, 47(10), 1782-1788.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1537-x] [PMID: 15517149]
[26]
Friedman, J.M.; Halaas, J.L. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature, 1998, 395(6704), 763-770.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/27376] [PMID: 9796811]
[27]
Farooqi, I.S.; Keogh, J.M.; Kamath, S.; Jones, S.; Gibson, W.T.; Trussell, R.; Jebb, S.A.; Lip, G.Y.; O’Rahilly, S. Partial leptin deficiency and human adiposity. Nature, 2001, 414(6859), 34-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35102112] [PMID: 11689931]
[28]
Alberti, K.G.M.; Zimmet, P.; Shaw, J. The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet, 2005, 366(9491), 1059-1062.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8] [PMID: 16182882]
[29]
Zimmet, P.; Magliano, D.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Alberti, G.; Shaw, J. The metabolic syndrome: a global public health problem and a new definition. J. Atheroscler. Thromb., 2005, 12(6), 295-300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.12.295] [PMID: 16394610]
[30]
Physical status: The use of and interpretation of anthropometry Report of a WHO Expert Committee, 1995.
[31]
Chobanian, A.V.; Bakris, G.L.; Black, H.R.; Cushman, W.C.; Green, L.A.; Izzo, J.L., Jr; Jones, D.W.; Materson, B.J.; Oparil, S.; Wright, J.T., Jr; Roccella, E.J. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA, 2003, 289(19), 2560-2572.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.19.2560] [PMID: 12748199]
[32]
Gerber, M.; Boettner, A.; Seidel, B.; Lammert, A.; Bär, J.; Schuster, E.; Thiery, J.; Kiess, W.; Kratzsch, J. Serum resistin levels of obese and lean children and adolescents: biochemical analysis and clinical relevance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2005, 90(8), 4503-4509.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0437] [PMID: 15928242]
[33]
Friedewald, W.T.; Levy, R.I.; Fredrickson, D.S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem., 1972, 18(6), 499-502.
[PMID: 4337382]
[34]
Matthews, D.R.; Hosker, J.P.; Rudenski, A.S.; Naylor, B.A.; Treacher, D.F.; Turner, R.C. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia, 1985, 28(7), 412-419.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883] [PMID: 3899825]
[35]
Cao, H.; Hegele, R.A. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the resistin (RSTN) gene. J. Hum. Genet., 2001, 46(9), 553-555.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380170040] [PMID: 11558907]
[36]
Cho, Y.M.; Youn, B.S.; Chung, S.S.; Kim, K.W.; Lee, H.K.; Yu, K.Y.; Park, H.J.; Shin, H.D.; Park, K.S. Common genetic polymorphisms in the promoter of resistin gene are major determinants of plasma resistin concentrations in humans. Diabetologia, 2004, 47(3), 559-565.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1319-x] [PMID: 14740159]
[37]
Di Paola, R.; Frittitta, L.; Miscio, G.; Bozzali, M.; Baratta, R.; Centra, M.; Spampinato, D.; Santagati, M.G.; Ercolino, T.; Cisternino, C.; Soccio, T.; Mastroianno, S.; Tassi, V.; Almgren, P.; Pizzuti, A.; Vigneri, R.; Trischitta, V. A variation in 3′ UTR of hPTP1B increases specific gene expression and associates with insulin resistance. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2002, 70(3), 806-812.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/339270] [PMID: 11833006]
[38]
Principe, A.; Melgar-Lesmes, P.; Fernández-Varo, G.; del Arbol, L.R.; Ros, J.; Morales-Ruiz, M.; Bernardi, M.; Arroyo, V.; Jiménez, W. The hepatic apelin system: a new therapeutic target for liver disease. Hepatology, 2008, 48(4), 1193-1201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.22467] [PMID: 18816630]
[39]
Lau, C.H.; Muniandy, S. Influence of adiponectin and resistin gene polymorphisms on quantitative traits related to metabolic syndrome among Malay, Chinese, and Indian men in Malaysia. Biochem. Genet., 2013, 51(1-2), 166-174.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10528-012-9552-y] [PMID: 23114720]
[40]
Osawa, H.; Yamada, K.; Onuma, H.; Murakami, A.; Ochi, M.; Kawata, H.; Nishimiya, T.; Niiya, T.; Shimizu, I.; Nishida, W.; Hashiramoto, M.; Kanatsuka, A.; Fujii, Y.; Ohashi, J.; Makino, H. The G/G genotype of a resistin single-nucleotide polymorphism at -420 increases type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility by inducing promoter activity through specific binding of Sp1/3. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2004, 75(4), 678-686.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/424761] [PMID: 15338456]
[41]
Hishida, A.; Wakai, K.; Okada, R.; Morita, E.; Hamajima, N.; Hosono, S.; Higaki, Y.; Turin, T.C.; Suzuki, S.; Motahareh, K.; Mikami, H.; Tashiro, N.; Watanabe, I.; Katsuura, S.; Kubo, M.; Tanaka, H.; Naito, M. Significant interaction between RETN -420 G/G genotype and lower BMI on decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japanese--the J-MICC Study. Endocr. J., 2013, 60(2), 237-243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ12-0307] [PMID: 23327840]
[42]
Mojtaba, E.; Davood, K.; Mohammadali, S.; Hussein, D. Estimation of the correlation of serum resistin with metabolic syndrome. Int. J. Biosci., 2011, 1, 118-124.
[43]
Bertrais, S.; Beyeme-Ondoua, J.P.; Czernichow, S.; Galan, P.; Hercberg, S.; Oppert, J.M. Sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged French subjects. Obes. Res., 2005, 13(5), 936-944.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2005.108] [PMID: 15919848]
[44]
Wagner, A.; Dallongeville, J.; Haas, B.; Ruidavets, J.B.; Amouyel, P.; Ferrières, J.; Simon, C.; Arveiler, D. Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and dietary patterns are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab., 2012, 38(5), 428-435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2012.04.005] [PMID: 22721723]
[45]
Kahn, S.E.; Prigeon, R.L.; McCulloch, D.K.; Boyko, E.J.; Bergman, R.N.; Schwartz, M.W.; Neifing, J.L.; Ward, W.K.; Beard, J.C.; Palmer, J.P. Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in human subjects. Evidence for a hyperbolic function. Diabetes, 1993, 42(11), 1663-1672.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diab.42.11.1663] [PMID: 8405710]
[46]
Nagaev, I.; Bokarewa, M.; Tarkowski, A.; Smith, U. Human resistin is a systemic immune-derived proinflammatory cytokine targeting both leukocytes and adipocytes. PLoS One, 2006, 1e31
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000031] [PMID: 17183659]
[47]
Takhshid, M.A.; Zare, Z. Resistin - 420 C/G polymorphism and serum resistin level in Iranian patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord., 2015, 14, 37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40200-015-0165-y] [PMID: 25945322]
[48]
de Luis, D.A.; Gonzalez Sagrado, M.; Conde, R.; Aller, R.; Izaola, O.; Primo, D. Lack of association of serum resistin levels with metabolic syndrome criteria in obese female patients. Clin. Biochem., 2011, 44(16), 1280-1283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.09.002] [PMID: 21939645]
[49]
Qasim, A.N.; Metkus, T.S.; Tadesse, M.; Lehrke, M.; Restine, S.; Wolfe, M.L.; Hannenhalli, S.; Cappola, T.; Rader, D.J.; Reilly, M.P. Resistin gene variation is associated with systemic inflammation but not plasma adipokine levels, metabolic syndrome or coronary atherosclerosis in nondiabetic Caucasians. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.), 2009, 70(5), 698-705.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03375.x] [PMID: 18710472]
[50]
Menzaghi, C.; Coco, A.; Salvemini, L.; Thompson, R.; De Cosmo, S.; Doria, A.; Trischitta, V. Heritability of serum resistin and its genetic correlation with insulin resistance-related features in nondiabetic Caucasians. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2006, 91(7), 2792-2795.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2715] [PMID: 16670163]
[51]
Patel, L.; Buckels, A.C.; Kinghorn, I.J.; Murdock, P.R.; Holbrook, J.D.; Plumpton, C.; Macphee, C.H.; Smith, S.A. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR γ activators. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003, 300(2), 472-476.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02841-3] [PMID: 12504108]
[52]
Booth, A.; Magnuson, A.; Foster, M. Detrimental and protective fat: body fat distribution and its relation to metabolic disease. Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig., 2014, 17(1), 13-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2014-0009] [PMID: 25372727]
[53]
Tan, M-S.; Chang, S-Y.; Chang, D-M.; Tsai, J.C-R.; Lee, Y-J. Association of resistin gene 3′-untranslated region +62G-->A polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in a Chinese population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, 88(3), 1258-1263.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021453] [PMID: 12629116]
[54]
Gouni-Berthold, I.; Giannakidou, E.; Faust, M.; Kratzsch, J.; Berthold, H.K.; Krone, W. Resistin gene 3′-untranslated region +62G-->A polymorphism is associated with hypertension but not diabetes mellitus type 2 in a German population. J. Intern. Med., 2005, 258(6), 518-526.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01566.x] [PMID: 16313475]
[55]
Suriyaprom, K.; Phonrat, B.; Namjuntra, P.; Chanchay, S.; Tungtrongchitr, R. The +299(G>A) resistin gene polymorphism and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Thais. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 2009, 44(1), 104-110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.08-224] [PMID: 19177195]
[56]
Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Villuendas, G.; Botella-Carretero, J.I.; Alvarez-Blasco, F.; Sanchón, R.; Luque-Ramírez, M.; San Millán, J.L. Adiponectin and resistin in PCOS: a clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic study. Hum. Reprod., 2006, 21(9), 2257-2265.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del146] [PMID: 16675483]
[57]
Chen, Y-H.; Hung, P-F.; Kao, Y-H. IGF-I downregulates resistin gene expression and protein secretion. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2005, 288(5), E1019-E1027.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00325.2004] [PMID: 15585589]
[58]
Miyamoto, Y.; Morisaki, H.; Kokubo, Y.; Yamanaka, I.; Tomoike, H.; Okayama, A.; Yoshimasa, Y.; Morisaki, T. Resistin gene variations are associated with the metabolic syndrome in Japanese men. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract., 2009, 3(2), I-II.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2008.11.003] [PMID: 24345560]
[59]
Zayani, N.; Omezzine, A.; Boumaiza, I.; Achour, O.; Rebhi, L.; Rejeb, J.; Ben Rejeb, N.; Ben Abdelaziz, A.; Bouslama, A. Association of ADIPOQ, leptin, LEPR, and resistin polymorphisms with obesity parameters in Hammam Sousse Sahloul Heart Study. J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 2017, 31(6)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.22148] [PMID: 28195351]
[60]
Savage, D.B.; Sewter, C.P.; Klenk, E.S.; Segal, D.G.; Vidal-Puig, A.; Considine, R.V.; O’Rahilly, S. Resistin / Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma action in humans. Diabetes, 2001, 50(10), 2199-2202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.10.2199] [PMID: 11574398]
[61]
Asano, H.; Izawa, H.; Nagata, K.; Nakatochi, M.; Kobayashi, M.; Hirashiki, A.; Shintani, S.; Nishizawa, T.; Tanimura, D.; Naruse, K.; Matsubara, T.; Murohara, T.; Yokota, M. Plasma resistin concentration determined by common variants in the resistin gene and associated with metabolic traits in an aged Japanese population. Diabetologia, 2010, 53(2), 234-246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-009-1517-2] [PMID: 19727657]
[62]
Lau, C.H.; Muniandy, S. Adiponectin and resistin gene polymorphisms in association with their respective adipokine levels. Ann. Hum. Genet., 2011, 75(3), 370-382.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00635.x] [PMID: 21323646]
[63]
Ukkola, O.; Kunnari, A.; Kesäniemi, Y.A. Genetic variants at the resistin locus are associated with the plasma resistin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors. Regul. Pept., 2008, 149(1-3), 56-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.025] [PMID: 18440081]
[64]
Mattevi, V.S.; Zembrzuski, V.M.; Hutz, M.H. A resistin gene polymorphism is associated with body mass index in women. Hum. Genet., 2004, 115(3), 208-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-004-1128-4] [PMID: 15221446]
[65]
Hivert, M-F.; Manning, A.K.; McAteer, J.B.; Dupuis, J.; Fox, C.S.; Cupples, L.A.; Meigs, J.B.; Florez, J.C. Association of variants in RETN with plasma resistin levels and diabetes-related traits in the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes, 2009, 58(3), 750-756.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db08-1339] [PMID: 19074981]
[66]
Boumaiza, I.; Omezzine, A.; Rejeb, J.; Rebhi, L.; Ben Rejeb, N.; Nabli, N.; Ben Abdelaziz, A.; Bouslama, A. Association between four resistin polymorphisms, obesity, and metabolic syndrome parameters in Tunisian volunteers. Genet. Test. Mol. Biomarkers, 2012, 16(12), 1356-1362.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gtmb.2012.0156] [PMID: 23020084]
[67]
Sentinelli, F.; Romeo, S.; Arca, M.; Filippi, E.; Leonetti, F.; Banchieri, M.; Di Mario, U.; Baroni, M.G. Human resistin gene, obesity, and type 2 diabetes: mutation analysis and population study. Diabetes, 2002, 51(3), 860-862.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.3.860] [PMID: 11872692]
[68]
Chi, S.; Lan, C.; Zhang, S.; Liu, H.; Wang, X.; Chen, Y.; Chen, X.; Chen, S.; Zhang, W. Association of -394C>G and -420C>G polymorphisms in the RETN gene with T2DM and CHD and a new potential SNP might be exist in exon 3 of RETN gene in Chinese. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2009, 330(1-2), 31-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-009-0097-2] [PMID: 19381781]
[69]
Tatemoto, K.; Hosoya, M.; Habata, Y.; Fujii, R.; Kakegawa, T.; Zou, M.X.; Kawamata, Y.; Fukusumi, S.; Hinuma, S.; Kitada, C.; Kurokawa, T.; Onda, H.; Fujino, M. Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1998, 251(2), 471-476.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.9489] [PMID: 9792798]
[70]
Su, W. Plasma Level and 3’-Untranslated Region+ 62 G/A of Polymorphism of resistin in Taiwanese with metabolic syndrome and ischemic cerebral vascular disease(thesis). Biologic Sci., Online. 2005.
[71]
Xia, Z.; Wang, Z.; Cai, Q.; Yang, J.; Zhang, X.; Yang, T. Prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in the adults in haikou city, hainan island, china. Iran. J. Public Health, 2013, 42(3), 222-230.
[PMID: 23641399]
[72]
Bhatti, G.K.; Puar, S.K.; Saini, N.K.; Bhadada, S.K.; Vijayvergiya, R.; Mastana, S.S. Evaluation of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and related complications in Asian Indians: The North Indian diabetes and cardiovascular disease (NIDCVD) study-i. J. Diabetes Metab., 2014, 5(12)
[73]
Naja, F.; Hwalla, N.; Itani, L.; Salem, M.; Azar, S.T.; Zeidan, M.N.; Nasreddine, L. Dietary patterns and odds of Type 2 diabetes in Beirut, Lebanon: a case-control study. Nutr. Metab. (Lond.), 2012, 9(1), 111-121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-9-111] [PMID: 23270372]
[74]
Li, L.; Yang, G.; Li, Q.; Tang, Y.; Yang, M.; Yang, H.; Li, K. Changes and relations of circulating visfatin, apelin, and resistin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 2006, 114(10), 544-548.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-948309] [PMID: 17177135]
[75]
Khalil, O.; Alnahal, A.; Ghonium, M.; Fawzy, S.; Ibrahem, M. Does resistin gene polymorphisms +299 (g>a) participate in insulin resistance in egyption non-obese type 2 diabetes? Int. J. Gen. Med., 2014, 2, 117.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
18
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy