Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Patents on Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1872-2083
ISSN (Online): 2212-4012

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Screening of Metal and Antibiotic Resistance in Beta-lactamase Producing Coliform Bacteria from Hospital Wastewater of Northern India

Author(s): Manzar Alam*, Mohd Imran and Syed Sayeed Ahmad

Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020

Page: [63 - 77] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666191002130406

Price: $65

Abstract

Aims: Our exploration work has uncovered the different anti-toxin/metal tolerance and patterns against the heavy metal resistant coliform microscopic organisms from the aquatic waste of the hospital. It might give new routes for the treatment of irresistible ailments particularly by coliform and critical for hazard evaluation as well as hazard management associated with the effluents of the hospital.

Background: The higher use of pharmaceuticals, Radionuclides, and other antimicrobial solvents are the major source of metals in hospital wastewater. The hospital aquatic environment has a high content of both organic and inorganic matter with living organisms. Bacteria can resist an antimicrobial agent by producing extracellular enzymes that eliminate antibiotics and metal toxicity. In this study, we covered the existing patent literature in this area. New patents in the areas of topically applied antibiotics and agents that can potentiate the achievement of existing antibiotics may extend their helpful lifetime.

Methods: Samples were collected from three different Departments of King George Medical University, Lucknow during the month of December to May (2015-16). Isolation and metal tolerance of coliform isolates were done on metal amended plates. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method. The plasmid DNA of bacterial isolates was done by the alkaline lysis method. The conjugation study was also performed in wastewater as well as a nutrient medium.

Results: Maximum isolates demonstrated their MICs at 400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml against all the metals, respectively. The high level of resistance was observed against Methicillin (88.32%, 80.60%) followed by penicillin (75%, 76%), Cephradin (59.52%, 28.84%) and least to Gentamycine (1.92%, 5.76) in E. coli and Enterobacter, respectively. Of 70%, 78% E. coli and Enterobacter isolates produce beta-lactamase activity. Six amino acid residues namely, Glu104, Tyr105, Asn132, Asn170, Ala237, and Gly238 of the beta-lactamase were found in the common interaction with the selected drugs. Plasmid DNA size ranged between 48-58.8 kb. The conjugation experiments showed a higher transfer frequency (5.5×10-1 and 3.6×10-1) rate among antibiotics and metals tested.

Conclusion: The finding of this study presents a potential health problem as the predominant coliform species have increasingly been associated with outbreaks of hospital infections. It is recommended that hospital waste must be properly treated before its release into the environment.

Keywords: Antibiotics, heavy metals, coliform, hospital aquatic system, enterobacter, E. coli.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Zhang Q, Lambert G, Liao D, Kim H, Robin K. Acceleration of emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance in connected microenvironments. Science 2011; 333: 1764-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1208747]
[2]
Kim S, Aga DS. Potential ecological and human health impacts of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from wastewater treatment plants. J Toxicol Environ Health B 2007; 10: 559-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390600975137]
[3]
Guardabassi L, Wong DM, Dalsgaard A. The effects of tertiary wastewater treatment on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Water Res 2002; 36: 1955-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00429-8]
[4]
Kümmerer K, Henninger A. Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and household into effluent. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 12: 1203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2003.00739.x]
[5]
Manzar Alam, Mohd Imran. Multiple antibiotic resistances in metal tolerant E. coli from hospital wastewater. Bioinformation 2014; 10: 267-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630010267]
[6]
Linton K, B Richmond M, H Bevan R, Gillespie W A. Antibiotic resistance and R. factors in coliform bacilli isolated from hospital and domestic sewage. J Med Microbiol 1974; 7: 91-103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-7-1-91]
[7]
Fontaine TD, Hoadley AW. Transferable drug resistance associated with coliforms isolated from hospital and domestic sewage. Health Lab Sci 1976; 13: 238-45.
[8]
Al-Ahmad A, Daschner FD, Kümmerer K. Biodegradability of cefotiam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin G, and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of wastewater bacteria. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1999; 37: 158-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900501]
[9]
Alam M, Imran M. Distribution and limits of drug resistance in Gram negative bacteria from hospital wastewater. Am J PharmTech Res 2015; 5: 2249-3387.
[10]
McArthur JV, Tuckfield RC. Spatial patterns in antibiotic resistance among stream bacteria: effects of industrial pollution. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66: 3722-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.9.3722-3726.2000]
[11]
Alam M, Imran M. Metal tolerance analysis of Gram negative bacteria from hospital effluents of Northern India. J Appl Pharm Sci 2017; 7: 174-80.
[12]
Roane TM, Kellogg ST. Characterization of bacterial communities in heavy metal contaminated soils. Can J Microbiol 1996; 42: 593-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-080]
[13]
Wireman J, Liebert CA, Smith T, Summers AD. Association of mercury resistance with antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative fecal bacteria of primates. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63: 4494-503.
[14]
Edlund C, Björkman L, Ekstrand J, Sandborgh-Englund G, Nord CE. Resistance of the normal human micro flora to mercury and antimicrobial after exposure to mercury from dental amalgam fillings. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22: 944-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.6.944]
[15]
Torres-Vila LM, Rodriguez Molina MC, Lacasa Plasencia A. Pyrethroid resistance of Helicoverpa armigera in Spain: current status and agroecological perspective. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2002; 93: 55-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00003-8]
[16]
Sevgi M, Toklu A, Vecchio D, Hamblin MR. Topical antimicrobials for burn infections - an update. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2013; 8(3): 161-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891X08666131112143447]
[17]
Lilley AK, Bailey MJ. Impact of plasmid pQBR103 acquisition and carriage on the phytosphere fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25: burden and benefit. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63-1587.
[18]
Van Elsas JD, Duarte GE, Rosado AS, Smalla K. Microbiological and molecular methods for monitoring microbial inoculants and their effects in the environment. J Microbiol Methods 1998; 32: 133-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(98)00025-6]
[19]
Van Elsas JD, Smalla K. Methods for sampling soil microbes. In: Hurst CJ, Knudsen GR, McInerney MJ, Stetzenbach LD, Walter MV. Manual of Environmental Microbiology. Washington, DC: ASM Press 1997; pp. 383-91.
[20]
Pankaj KJ, Ramachandran S, Vibhava S, Deepti B, Sanjay KV. Characterization of metal and antibiotic resistance in a bacterial population isolated from a copper mining industry. Int J Integr Biol 2009; 6: 2-57.
[21]
Cappuccino JG, Sherman N. Microbiology A laboratory Manual Third Edition. The Benjamin Cummings publishing Company, America. Inc: California 1995.
[22]
Malik A, Jaiswal R. Metal resistance in Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil treated with industrial wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 16: 177-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008905902282]
[23]
Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherries SC, Turk M. Antibiotic susceptibility of testing by a standard single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 36: 492-6.
[24]
Downing T, Imamura H, Decuypere S, Clark TG, Coombs GH, Cotton JA. Whole genome sequencing of multiple Leishmania donovani clinical isolates provides insights into population structure and mechanisms of drug resistance. Genome Res 2011; 21: 2143-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.123430.111]
[25]
Dierikx C, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Veldman K, Smith H, Mevius D. Increased detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from poultry. Vet Microbiol 2010; 145: 273-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.03.019]
[26]
Birnboim HC, Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1979; 7: 1513-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/7.6.1513]
[27]
Macrina FL, Kopecko DJ, Jones KR, Ayers DJ, Mc Cowen SM. A multiple plasmid-containing Escherichia coli strain: convenient source of size reference plasmids molecules. Plasmid 1978; 1: 417-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-619X(78)90056-2]
[28]
Vaidya VK. Horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance by extended-spectrum β lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. J Lab Physicians 2011; 3(1): 37-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.78563]
[29]
Cheng S. Heavy metal pollution in China: origin, pattern and control. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2003; 10: 192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2002.11.141.1]
[30]
Rezaur Rahman AKM, Hossain SM, Latif SA, Uddin MS, Islam MA, Akramuzzaman MM. Assessment of heavy metals in DEPZ effluent discharging area by neutron activation analysis. Jahangir Phys Stud 2008; 14: 37-46.
[31]
Bignetti G, Graziani R, Mercorella G, Pignacca M, Rossi P. Natural medicinal compound WO2012017471. 2012.
[32]
Brussel WV, Pierre AJ, Geert S, Pauw CM, Patrick R. Complexating systems, intermediates for their production and method for obtaining and using the same EP1446442. 2007.
[33]
Franca SDC, Oliveira JCND, Pasqualin L, Couto LB, Lia RCC. Composition for topical use containing an extract of stryphnodendron; its preparation as well as its application US20100267841. 2010.
[34]
Broda P. Using microorganism for bioremediation: the barriers to implementation. Trends Biotechnol 1992; 10: 303-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(92)90254-S]
[35]
Timoney JT, Port J, Giles J, Spanier J. Heavy metal and antibiotic resistance in the bacterial flora of sediments of New York Bight. Appl Environ Microbiol 1978; 36: 465-72.
[36]
Baath E. Effects of heavy metals in soil on microbial processes and populations (a review). Water Air Soil Pollut 1989; 47: 335-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279331]
[37]
Ansari MI, Grohmann E, Malik A. Conjugative plasmids in multi-resistant bacterial isolates from Indian soil. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104: 1774-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03736.x]
[38]
Malik A, Celik EK, Bohn C, Böckelmann U, Knobel K, Grohmann E. Detection of conjugative plasmids and antibiotic resistance genes in anthropogenic soil from Germany and India. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 279: 207-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01030.x]
[39]
Manzar Alam, Mohd Imran, Nilofer Bano. A study of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance in hospital aquatic environment. Int J Curr Res 2017; 9: 50986-93.
[40]
Lucious S. Eppa Sathyapal reddy, V Anuradha. Heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from tannery effluent. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2013; 4: 597-606.
[41]
Okeke IN, Abiodun OA, Byarugaba DK, Ojo KK, Opintan JA. Growing problem of multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens in Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13: 1640-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1311.070674]
[42]
Diwan V, Tamhankar AJ, Khandal RK, Sen S, Aggarwal M, Marothi Y. Antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in waters associated with a hospital in Ujjain, India. BMC Public Health 2010; 10: 414.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-414]
[43]
Hart CA, Kariuki S. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. BMJ 1998; 317: 647-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7159.647]
[44]
Hoge CW, Gambel JM, Srijan A. Trends in antibiotic resistance among diarrheal pathogens isolated in Thailand over 15 years. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26: 341-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/516303]
[45]
Nakamura Y, Daya M. Use of appropriate antimicrobials in wound management. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2007; 25(1): 159-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2007.01.007]
[46]
Al-Bahry SN, Mahmoud IY, Al-Khaifi A, Elshafie AE, Al-Harthy A. Viability of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria in distribution lines of treated sewage effluent used for irrigation. Water Sci Technol 2009; 60: 2939-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.687]
[47]
Silva J, Castillo G, Callejas L, López H, Olmos J. Frequency of transferable multiple antibiotic resistance amongst coliform bacteria isolated from a treated sewage effluent in Antofagasta, Chile. Electron J Biotechnol 2006; 9: 533-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2225/vol9-issue5-fulltext-7]
[48]
Tayyab MT, Saeed A, Khatoon H. Studies on the antibiotic resistance of clinical Gram negative bacteria isolated during 1998. Kar Uni J Sci 2003; 31: 47-53.
[49]
Usha K, Kumar E, Gopal S. Occurrence of various beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative Bacilli in the hospital effluent. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6: 42.
[50]
Esposito S, Leone S. Antimicrobial treatment for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) infections including the role of the infectious diseases specialist. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29: 494-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.10.017]
[51]
Mohamed K. Ibrahim, Abdel-Moneim M, Galal Idriss M, Al-Turkand Khalid D, Al-Zhrany. Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria in hospitals’ drain in Al-Madina Al-Munnawara. J Taibah Univ Sci 2010; 3: 14-22.
[52]
Miranda CD, Tello A, Keen PL. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in finfish aquaculture environments. Front Microbiol 2013; 4: 233.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00233]
[53]
Parveen S, Murphree RL, Edmiston L, Kaspar CW, Portier KM, Tamplin ML. Association of multiple antibiotic resistance profiles with point and nonpoint sources of Escherichia coli: in Apalachicola bay. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63: 2607-12.
[54]
Ayten KE, Elif ÖAA, Sevan GÖA. Determination of multiple antibiotic and heavy metal resistance of the bacteria isolated from the Küçükçekmece Lagoon, Turkey. Pol J Environ Stud 2015; 24: 1077-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/29202]
[55]
Zulkifli Y, Alitheen NB, Raha AR, Yeap SK. Marlina, Son R and Nishibuchi M. Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles in Padang, Indonesia. Int J Food Res 2009; 16: 53-8.
[56]
Miyoshi S, Shinoda S. Microbial metalloproteases and pathogenesis. Microbes Infect 2000; 2: 91-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(00)00280-X]
[57]
Grabow W, Prozesky O. Drug resistance of coliform bacteria in hospital and city sewage. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1973; 3: 175-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.3.2.175]
[58]
Andam CP, Fournier GP, Gogarten JP. Multilevel populations and the evolution of antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35: 756-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00274.x]
[59]
Wiedenbeck J, Cohan FM. Origins of bacterial diversity through horizontal genetic transfer and adaptation to new ecological niches. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35: 957-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00292.x]
[60]
Skippington E, Ragan MA. Lateral genetic transfer and the construction of genetic exchange communities. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35: 707-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00261.x]
[61]
Johnsen PJ, Simonsen GS, Olsvik O, Midtvedt T, Sundsfjord A. Stability, persistence, and evolution of plasmid-encoded VanA glycopeptide resistance in enterococci in the absence of antibiotic selection in vitro and in mice. Microb Drug Resist 2002; 8: 161-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107662902760326869]
[62]
Robicsek A, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC. The worldwide emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 629-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70599-0]
[63]
Vajiheh K, Naser B. Antimicrobial, heavy metal resistance and plasmid profile of coliforms isolated from nosocomial infection in a hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Afr J Biotechnol 2003; 2: 379-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2003.000-1078]
[64]
Ogbolu DO, Daini OA, Ogunledun A, Alli AO, Webber MA. High levels of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Gram-negative pathogens from Nigeria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 37: 62-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.08.019]
[65]
Shakibaie MR, Jalilzadeh KA, Yamakanamardi SM. Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among gram negative bacteria in sewage and lake water and influence of some physico-chemical parameters of water on conjugation process. J Environ Biol 2008; 30: 45-9.
[66]
Schlüter A, Heuer H, Szczepanowski R, Forney LJ, Thomas CM, Pühler A, et al. The 64 508 bp IncP-1beta antibiotic multi resistance plasmid pB10 isolated from a waste-water treatment plant provides evidence for recombination between members of different branches of the IncP-1beta group. Microbiology 2003; 149: 3139-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26570-0]
[67]
Goñi-Urriza M, Capdepuy M, Arpin C, Raymond N. Caumettep and Quentin C. Impact of an urban effluent on antibiotic resistance of riverine Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66: 125-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.1.125-132.2000]
[68]
Ali MM, Vaidya VK. Antibiotic resistance in pathogens isolated from the coastal marine environment of Mumbai. Bionano Frontier 2008; 2: 115-23.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
5
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy