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Current HIV Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-162X
ISSN (Online): 1873-4251

Fetal-Maternal HLA-A and – B Discordance is Associated with Placental RNase Expression and Anti-HIV-1 Activity

Author(s): Victoria Ines Bedoya, Fabian Alberto Jaimes, Julio C. Delgado, Claudia Rugeles, Xiomara Usuga, Wildeman Zapata, Maria Eugenia Castano, Adriano Boasso, Gene Shearer and Maria Teresa Rugeles

Volume 6, Issue 4, 2008

Page: [380 - 387] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/157016208785132536

Price: $65

Abstract

The incidence of maternal-to-fetal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is 25-30% in absence of antiretroviral therapy, and is inversely associated with Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class-I discordance. Based on our earlier report that mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) induce a ribonuclease (RNase) that inhibits HIV-1 replication, we proposed that maternal-fetal alloantigen stimulation activates factors that protect the fetus against vertically- transmitted infections. We investigate here whether the degree of mother-infant HLA discordance associates with the ability to produce anti-HIV-1 alloantigen-stimulated factor (ASF), and affects placental RNases. We also determine whether such HLA association is influenced by the mothers HIV-1 status. Paired maternal and cord blood leukocytes were tested for the induction of ASF by MLR, and typed for HLA-A and – B. The placentas were tested for mRNA expression of three RNases. Neonate anti-mother, but not mother anti-neonate MLR generated supernatants with anti-HIV-1 activity, that was associated with HLA class I discordance. This HLA association was not seen in the HIV-infected cohort. HLA class I discordance was also associated with expression of placental RNase 1. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA class I discordance induces expression of RNases in the placenta that contribute to innate host resistance to HIV-1 and other viral infections.

Keywords: Anti-HIV-1 activity, RNases, HLA class-I discordance

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