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Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

New Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs with Novel Mechanisms of Action

Author(s): Emma C. Rivers and Ricardo L. Mancera

Volume 15, Issue 19, 2008

Page: [1956 - 1967] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/092986708785132906

Price: $65

Abstract

It is estimated that a third of the worlds population is currently infected with tuberculosis, leading to 1.6 million deaths annually. The current drug regimen is 40 years old and takes 6-9 months to administer. In addition, the emergence of drug resistant strains and HIV co-infection mean that there is an urgent need for new anti-tuberculosis drugs. The twenty-first century has seen a revival in research and development activity in this area, with several new drug candidates entering clinical trials. This review considers new potential firstline anti-tuberculosis drug candidates, in particular those with novel mechanisms of action, as these are most likely to prove effective against resistant strains. A brief overview of current first-line and recent drugs (such as fluoroquinolones, rifampicin and isoniazid analogues) is initially presented. This is followed by a description of structure-activity relationships, in vitro and in vivo activity, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, combination regimens and clinical trials of the new drug candidates SQ109, PA-824, OPC-67683, TMC207 and others.

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug action, SQ109, PA-824, OPC-67683, TMC207/R207910

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