Vitamin D status in coronary artery disease: association with IL-35 and TGF-β1 and disease severity

Title:Vitamin D status in coronary artery disease: association with IL-35 and TGF-β1 and disease severity

Volume: 18 Issue: 5

Author(s): Fereshteh Rasa, Nadereh Naderi, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Elahe Mansoori and Mahsa Rahimzadeh*

Affiliation:

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas,Iran

Keywords: TGF-β, IL-35, coronary artery disease, vitamin D, CAD patients, serum cytokines, coronary angiography.

Abstract: Background: The exact mechanisms underlying the protective effect of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease are obscure.

Objective: Here, we have addressed the relation between vitamin D status and regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibitory cytokines in patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and Methods: 81 patients were divided into single (n= 20), double (n=20) and triple (n=20) vessel disease groups and compared to no vessel disease (No VD) group (n=21). Interleukin (IL) -35 and TGF- β1 were measured using ELISA. Vitamin D was measured using Electrochemiluminescence assay.

Results: Vitamin D, TGF-β1 and IL-35 concentrations in No VD (32.4±15.2, 667.7±427.6, 12.1±11.9 respectively) group were significantly higher than patients with 1 or more vessel disease (18.1±9.8, 360.4±354.1 and 6.8±8.1 respectively, p<0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that TGF-β1 and IL-35 (but not vitamin D) were significantly higher in double vessel disease patients (591.9±465.7 and 9.2±8.0 respectively) compared to those with triple vessel disease (173.1±163.3 and 3.6±1.4 respectively, p<0.05). Both TGF-β1 and IL-35 were positively correlated to the serum level of vitamin D (r= 0.38, p= 0.001 and r=0.26, p= 0.028 respectively). Vitamin D, TGF-β1 and IL-35 revealed a negative correlation (r= -0.36, r=-0.46 and r-0.024 respectively) with severity of CAD (p< 0.05). Compared to normal serum vitamin D patients (326.6±351.7 pg/mL vs. 754.5±560 pg/mL, p=0.036 respectively) TGF-β1 (but not IL-35), was significantly lower in vitamin D deficient patients.

Conclusion: The results suggested that, although decreased TGF-β1 and IL-35 plasma levels correlate positively with decreased vitamin D levels and negatively with severity of CAD, but only TGF-β1 has a significant association with vitamin D deficiency in CAD patients. It seems that the antiatherosclerotic effect of vitamin D is at least partly attributed to the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines especially TGF- β1.

Cite this article as:

Rasa Fereshteh , Naderi Nadereh , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Mansoori Elahe and Rahimzadeh Mahsa *, Vitamin D status in coronary artery disease: association with IL-35 and TGF-β1 and disease severity, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2018; 18 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530318666180426101756