Abstract
With the continued rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is an immense need for the development of new therapeutic agents. Host-defense peptides (HDPs) offer a unique alternative to many of the current approved antibiotics. By targeting the host rather than the pathogen, HDPs offer several benefits over traditional small molecule drug treatments, such as a slower propensity towards resistance, broad-spectrum activity and lower risk of patients developing sepsis. However, natural peptide structures have many disadvantages as well, including susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, significant costs of synthesis and host toxicity. For this reason, much work has been done to examine peptidomimetic structures, in the hopes of finding a structure with all of the desired qualities of an antibiotic drug. Recently, this research has included synthetic constructs that mimic the behavior of HDPs but have no structural similarity to peptides. This review article focuses on the progression of this field of research, beginning with an analysis of a few prominent examples of natural HDPs and moving on to describe how the information learned by studying them have led to the current design platforms.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Host-defense peptide, Immunomodulation, Innate-defense regulator, Peptidomimetic, SMAMP.
Graphical Abstract
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Recent Advances in Peptide Immunomodulators
Volume: 16 Issue: 2
Author(s): Breanna L. Zerfas and Jianmin Gao
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Host-defense peptide, Immunomodulation, Innate-defense regulator, Peptidomimetic, SMAMP.
Abstract: With the continued rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is an immense need for the development of new therapeutic agents. Host-defense peptides (HDPs) offer a unique alternative to many of the current approved antibiotics. By targeting the host rather than the pathogen, HDPs offer several benefits over traditional small molecule drug treatments, such as a slower propensity towards resistance, broad-spectrum activity and lower risk of patients developing sepsis. However, natural peptide structures have many disadvantages as well, including susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, significant costs of synthesis and host toxicity. For this reason, much work has been done to examine peptidomimetic structures, in the hopes of finding a structure with all of the desired qualities of an antibiotic drug. Recently, this research has included synthetic constructs that mimic the behavior of HDPs but have no structural similarity to peptides. This review article focuses on the progression of this field of research, beginning with an analysis of a few prominent examples of natural HDPs and moving on to describe how the information learned by studying them have led to the current design platforms.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zerfas L. Breanna and Gao Jianmin, Recent Advances in Peptide Immunomodulators, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150701114638
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150701114638 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Medicinal Chemistry Advancement in Life-Threatening Diseases
The current issue will highlight concise reports that specify ground-breaking insights, including the novel discovery of drug targets and their action mechanism or drugs of novel classes. These are projected to encourage medicinal chemistry future efforts to address the most challenging medical needs. The current issue highlights further efforts to ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Surgery Procedures: A Literature Review
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Perivascular Inflammation and Hypertensive Cardiovascular Remodeling
Current Hypertension Reviews Characteristics Other than the Diagnostic Criteria Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview
Current Vascular Pharmacology Recent Developments in Polymeric Nanoparticle Engineering and Their Applications in Experimental and Clinical Oncology
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Telaprevir: A Promising Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Current Medicinal Chemistry Beyond Hemostasis: The Role of Platelets in Inflammation, Malignancy and Infection
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Beyond Oncolytic Virotherapy: Replication-Competent Retrovirus Vectors for Selective and Stable Transduction of Tumors
Current Gene Therapy VEGF and Colon Cancer Growth Beyond Angiogenesis: Does VEGF Directly Mediate Colon Cancer Growth Via a Non-angiogenic Mechanism?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Amyloid β-induced Mesenteric Inflammation in an Alzheimer’s Disease Transgenic Mouse Model
Current Alzheimer Research Crisis and the Neurobiology Involved in the Development of Consequent Mental Illness
Current Psychiatry Reviews Inflammation and Arterial Hypertension: From Pathophysiological Links to Risk Prediction
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of PI3K/AKT, cPLA2 and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways in Insulin Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets 6H-Indolo[2,3-b]Quinoxalines: DNA and Protein Interacting Scaffold for Pharmacological Activities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry P2X Receptors, Sensory Neurons and Pain
Current Medicinal Chemistry Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α Ligands as Anticancer Drugs Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Effect of Electric Field Intensity on Plasmid DNA/Membrane Interaction during In-Vitro Gene Electrotransfer
Drug Delivery Letters Pharmacology of Cyclic Peptides: Vancomycin and Oxytocin as Paradigms
Protein & Peptide Letters Role of Interleukin-21 in Inflammation and Allergy
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) miRNA-506-3p Directly Regulates rs10754339 (A/G) in the Immune Checkpoint Protein B7-H4 in Breast Cancer
MicroRNA The Role of the Healthy Dietary Intake in Women with Human Papilloma Virus
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued)