This compendium represents a set of guides to understanding the challenging scientific, epidemiological, clinical, social, and economic phenomenon that is represented by the COVID-19 pandemic. The book explains the mathematical modeling of COVID-19 infection, with emphasis on traditional epidemiological principles. It represents a rigorous, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to a complex phenomenon. The chapters take into account the knowledge arising from different disciplines (epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, medicine, biology, vaccine development, etc.). It also covers COVID-19 data analysis, giving the reader a perspective of statistics and data science, and includes a discussion about social and economic issues of the pandemic. Each chapter is devoted to a specific topic, and is contributed by experts in epidemiology. Because of its multidisciplinary nature, this book is intended as a reference on mathematical models and basic immunotherapy for COVID-19 for a broad community of readers, from scholars who have scientific training, to general readers who have an interest in the disease.

Natural Immunomodulators: Promising Therapy for Disease Management discusses the use of natural immunomodulators as a promising therapy for managing various diseases. The book begins with an introduction to the immune system and the ways in which it can be modulated. This is followed by a discussion on the various diseases and disorders associated with the immune system, including autoimmune disorders, allergies, and immune deficiency conditions. The natural sources of immunomodulators, including plants, herbs, and other natural substances is also explained along with the importance of standardizing natural immunomodulator drugs, including the methods used to ensure their quality and consistency. The book also delves into the chemistry and analytical techniques used to study immunomodulators, clinical and pre-clinical bioassays. The next couple of chapters focus on the use of natural immunomodulators in cancer, the therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Drug delivery and the strategy and regulatory perspective for natural immunomodulators. The final 2 chapters round up the contents with information about synthetic immunomodulators and the future perspective for the use of immunomodulators in disease management. Natural Immunomodulators: Promising Therapy for Disease Management is a comprehensive guide to the use of natural immunomodulators as a therapy for various diseases, and is a valuable resource for professionals and students interested in this topic. The book is aimed at health care professionals such as medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and life science and nutritionist professionals, as well as students.

Recent Trends and the Future of Antimicrobial Agents provides a significantly expanded overview of the topic with updated research in a broader context on the development of alternative approaches against microbial infections. This part primarily describes the use of probiotics, chemically synthesized compounds and nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents. The first chapter describes the potential of probiotics for the restoration of gut microbiomes. Amongst various antimicrobial agents, the use of antibodies has recently been investigated as a potential remedy. A chapter on antibody-based therapy as an alternative to antibiotics has been included. Chemical synthesis has eased the development of target-based prospective drug molecules against microorganisms. Chemically synthesized cationic amphiphiles and amphiphilic nanocarriers as antimicrobial agents have been discussed with sufficient detail in two different chapters. Research and progress in Schiff Base-Metal Complexes and Metal-Organic Frameworks for their antimicrobial applications have also been described in two separate chapters. Independent chapters discussing the design, synthesis and antimicrobial applications of biogenic metal or metalloid nanoparticles, bactericidal QDs and MoS2-based antibacterial nanocomposites have fulfilled the aim of incorporating cutting-edge research in the areas of alternative antimicrobials. Also, a new-age approach to combat microbes, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), is discussed in the final chapter of the edited volume. This part intends to provide the readers with an updated and broad view of research and development in alternative remedial approaches against microbial infections. The contents cater to the information needs of professionals and learners in academia, industry and health services who aim to learn the most significant experimental and practical approaches towards finding alternatives to existing antimicrobial therapies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death globally. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents are unable to penetrate cancerous hepatocytes completely and are toxic to non cancerous cells and tissues. This toxicity significantly compromises the therapeutic outcome of conventional chemotherapeutic agents which is also reflected in the high mortality of the disease. Nanotherapeutics have shed new light onto HCC treatment by enabling site-specific in vivo delivery of chemotherapeutics specifically to neoplastic hepatocytes without affecting normal hepatocytes. Thus, nanotherapeutics have shown considerable potential and there is tremendous impetus for rapid translation from the pre-clinical to the clinical domain to significantly prolong the survival in HCC. In Nanotherapeutics for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, authoritative experts of the field have explored the important aspects of nanotherapeutics against HCC. The book exhaustively, vividly and explicitly describes the molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic aspects and nanotherapy of HCC, while also highlighting the challenges of conventional therapy and the benefits of nanotherapeutics. Chapters of the book also cover recent investigations of nanotherapeutics against HCC, types of nanomedicines, recent patents, commercially available nanotherapeutics and a future perspective to give a comprehensive review of the topic to readers. In addition to these defining features, the book provides several references for further reading. The book is an ideal resource on HCC nanotherapeutics for medical and pharmacology postgraduate students, faculties, researchers, and biomedical scientists working on HCC and nanotherapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory complication and affects approximately 1 % of the global population. It affects three times more women than men. RA is an autoimmune disorder elicited by exposure of genetic factors from the host to unknown antigens causing arthritogenic complaints. It also includes the activation of lymphocytes as well as CD4+ helper T cells along with the local release of chronic inflammatory mediators and cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and various cytokines like interleukins (IL) that enormously affect the joints. The available allopathic therapies for RA are not a cure for the complications, and antibody therapy and surgical procedures are expensive. However, in the present era, researchers and healthcare professionals have moved toward natural medicines obtained from plants and other natural sources. Research-based on developments in phytomedicine has progressed steadily. Evidence has been collected to show the massive therapeutic potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems against many pathological complications. Researchers have focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products used for treatment and counteracting various disorders along with their complications having negligible adverse effects. Natural Products for the Management of Arthritic Disorders compiles current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and herbal formulations useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 11 chapters explain the role of natural products in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Topics have been contributed by experts in medicinal chemistry and rheumatology. The book first introduces the reader to rheumatoid arthritis before delving into conventional and alternative therapies for the disease. The editors have also included special topics such as the biomarkers for RA, cytokines and anti-inflammatory mediators, and preclinical and clinical studies. The range of topics should provide a comprehensive overview of natural remedies for arthritis and the role of natural products in anti-arthritic drug development. The information will be useful for many readers including medical and pharmacology students, multidisciplinary research scholars, scientists, pharma/herbal/food industrialists, and policy makers.

Research on young individuals and childbearing adults being treated for neoplasia has revealed a rising number of requests for treatments aimed to maintain the possibility to conceive. To answer such requests, it is important for medical professionals to consider the necessity to cure the woman, to preserve her fertility, to give information both on the effect of neoplasia and treatments on pregnancy. Patients have to be informed on the possible treatment alternatives that are less aggressive towards the reproductive function, but at the same time, give desirable results in terms of survival. Neoplasia and Fertility describes the state-of-the-art on fertility preservation in women affected by neoplasia. The 11 book chapters inform the reader with the goal of equipping them with the required information needed to present the condition and to discuss the possibility of conceiving, and how to manage patients after oncologic treatments at different stages of pregnancy. Key Features - Informs the reader about the relationship between gynecological cancer and fertility in women through 11 chapters - Describes a broad range of cancers and relevant treatment options for maintaining fertility - Explains the role of a 'Fertility Sparing Team' in clinics - Familiarizes the reader with the ethics behind oncology treatments with reference to female fertility - Describes fertility issues related to hereditary cancers in women - Includes references for further reading The book serves as an informative reference on the subject to medical doctors in the gynecology, obstetrics and midwife specialties, and nurses training the gynecological oncology. It will also be of interest to healthcare administrators involved in fertility and oncology clinics, as well as general practitioners in family medicine.

Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes is a compilation of reviews on clinical and scientific aspects of diabetes mellitus. It presents 11 contributions by eminent scholars that give the reader rational pharmacological and genetic perspectives of the disease and its treatment. The reviews approach diabetes from different angles, and highlight research that has been done to understand some questions about the molecular biology of diabetes in experimental settings. Topics of clinical significance such as the use of different hypoglycemic agents, and diabetic complications in clinical settings are also covered. Topics included in this book are: - Epigenetic alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus - Responses to nutritional chromium supplements for type 2 diabetes mellitus - Endocrine role of osteocalcin in homeostatic regulation of glucose metabolism - Effect of diabetes on memory - Osteoarthritis in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence, etiology, symptoms and molecular mechanism - Infection of novel coronavirus in patients with diabetes mellitus - Role of an anti-inflammatory agent in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus - Role of antidiabetic agents which helps regulates TCF7L2 variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus - Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus, PCOD and neurological disorders: role of antidiabetic drugs Comparison of different types of insulin available for type 1 diabetes treatment - Circadian rhythm disruption: special reference to type 2 diabetes mellitus - Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: pharmacogenetics based correlations and circulating microRNA as biomarkers Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical and molecular biology scientists who are involved in research in anti-diabetic drug design and discovery, and practicing endocrinologists who wish to keep abreast of recent developments in the field.

Marine Biopharmaceuticals: Scope and Prospects is a collaboration of experts in pharmacology, biology and biochemistry with a focus on Marine Bioprospecting. The book provides an in-depth exploration of promising pharmaceutical compounds found in various marine biota and their therapeutic applications. The comprehensive contents cover marine ecosystems, marine biopharmaceutical, and delve into the chemistry and therapeutic applications of compounds from diverse marine organisms such as seaweeds, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, worms, shellfish, tunicates, and fishes. The chapters also highlight approved and marketed marine biota-derived drugs and marine biota-derived drug candidates currently under clinical trials. Marine biopharmaceutical compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 are also covered, reflecting the latest developments in the field. The editors conclude the book by advocating for the establishment of professional grade Marine Biopharmacy courses at university level to contribute to this emerging field. This reference serves as a guide for researchers and instructors in disciplines such as Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine Biology, Marine Microbiology, Marine Biochemistry, and Marine Biotechnology. Moreover, it is positioned as a standard reference for libraries in colleges and universities, offering critical insights for drug companies engaged in the development of new drugs from marine biopharmaceuticals.

Natural Products for Skin Diseases: A Treasure Trove for Dermatologic Therapy is an enlightening journey through the realm of natural remedies for various skin diseases. The editors have compiled information on effective and holistic treatment approaches that can be applied in clinical settings. This book brings diverse range of topics, including skin protection against harmful radiation, natural remedies for burns and wounds, management of skin pigmentation issues, and herbal treatments for scabies. It also explores the potential of natural cosmetics and their future applications, along with the use of natural products and nanoparticles in skin delivery. All chapters are contributed by experts in dermatology and herbal medicine, and are supplemented with scientific references for advanced readers. The book primarily serves as a textbook for students in medicine and dermatologists in training. It also serves as a valuable guide for dermatologists, researchers, and healthcare professionals, revealing the treasure trove of benefits that natural products offer for treating skin diseases.

This handbook covers Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) with a specific focus on choroidal and vitreoretinal disorders. It serves as an invaluable resource for teaching and aiding daily clinical decision-making in the field. Book chapters dissect the fundamentals of angiography through OCT, offering guidance on OCT-A and insights into macular perfusional findings across various vitreoretinal and choroidal pathologies. From diabetic retinopathy to autoimmune diseases and neovascularization, the book addresses prevalent vascular entities encountered in routine practice. Furthermore, it explores innovative approaches, including antivascular endothelial growth factor molecules and extended-release delivery devices, contributing significantly to the diagnostic and decision-making processes in clinical and surgical retina care. Each chapter is contributed by experts in the relevant subspecialty. Key Features: Practical, patient-centered guide emphasizing a clinical approach. Demonstrative clinical cases for enhanced understanding. Evaluation of perfusional indices using noninvasive and noncontact imaging techniques. High histopathological correlation of structural tissue characterization with microvascular evaluation. Exploration of new perfusion concepts and their role in disease pathogenesis. Part 1 of the book focuses on OCT-A principles and applications in ophthalmology. It covers the basics of OCT-A, its contributions to eye disease study and treatment, and a comparative analysis with OCT for choroidal and vitreoretinal diseases. Additional information on nomenclature, normative datasets, and data analysis, presenting indices in different eye conditions is also presented. The emphasis is on macular perfusion in surgically resolved myopic foveoretinal detachment, postoperative evaluation in retinal detachment, and long-term analysis in diabetic retinopathy.