Free radicals and related reactive species, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) play a critical role in the pathophysiological processes of various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders, and cancer among many others. This peer-reviewed E-book covers both the fundamental principles and the recent advances in free radical biomedicine along with in-depth discussions of the clinical correlations. It also provides a thorough coverage of the commonly used methods in free radical and antioxidant research with detailed schematic illustrations as well as succinct descriptions of the procedures. This volume should also be a valuable source of information for readers who wish to gain a sound understanding of the research methodologies in this rapidly evolving field.

Glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance presents a broad overview of the molecular, biochemical and clinical aspects of glucose metabolism and glucose resistance. The book serves to acquaint the reader with recent information on topics ranging from the glucose metabolism and glucose transporters, the hormonal regulation of glucose homeostasis, to insulin resistance and the characterization of novel pharmacological approaches on emerging targets for the treatment of diabetes. Also included in the book is a discussion on the role of mutations in insulin resistance. The book is particularly useful for clinical researchers, endocrinologists and diabetes specialists.

This Ebook aims to review basic understandings and give current opinions about several important aspects of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI) protein biology from leading experts in this exciting and emerging field. The scope ranges from micro-domain localization and signaling to proteomics aspects, biophysical behavior through trans-cellular mobility to chemical synthesis of GPI mimics and finally modification of multi-scaled membrane surfaces and potential medical and biotech uses. The applied slant makes it very useful to the current state of knowledge. It is hoped that it will prove to be of considerable interest to students and researchers in this field.

Today’s academic environment presents assessment challenges defined by an increased volume of available information coupled with increased competition among students and time constraints. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) provide examiners with an opportunity to assess academic performance on the basis of instant recollection of correct answers in a minimal amount of time. MCQs Series for Life Sciences Volume 1 is a collection of MCQs on advanced topics and offers the following benefits for readers:  Includes over 2600 relevant MCQs  Covers five advanced subjects including biochemistry, cell biology, developmental biology, genetics & molecular biology and immunology.  Simplified language and presentation of concepts  Answers to each question are provided This MCQs eBook series in life sciences is, therefore, a handy reference for graduate and postgraduate students undertaking examinations or entrance tests as well as teachers or examiners involved in setting and controlling assessments in specific subjects in life sciences.

Today's academic environment presents assessment challenges defined by an increased volume of available information coupled with increased competition among students and time constraints. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) provide examiners with an opportunity to assess academic performance on the basis of instant recollection of correct answers in a minimal amount of time. MCQs Series for Life Sciences Volume 2 is a collection of MCQs on advanced topics and offers the following benefits for readers: o Includes over 950 relevant MCQs o Covers two major topics: cell culture and microbiology. o Simplified language and presentation of concepts o Answers to each question are provided This MCQ book series in life sciences is a handy reference for graduate and postgraduate students undertaking examinations or entrance tests as well as teachers or examiners involved in setting and controlling assessments in specific subjects in life sciences.

Mind Maps in Biochemistry presents a series of concept and knowledge maps about biochemical compounds, systems and techniques. The book illustrates the relationships between commonly used terms in the subject to convey the meaning of ideas and concepts that facilitate a basic understanding about the subject for readers. Chapters of the book cover both basic topics (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleotides, enzymes, metabolic pathways, nutrition and physiology) as well as applied topics (clinical diagnosis, diseases, genetic engineering and molecular biology). Key Features i. Topic-based presentation over 16 chapters ii. Coverage of basic and applied knowledge iii. Detailed tables, flow diagrams and illustrations with functional information about metabolic pathways and related concepts iv. Essay and multiple-choice questions with solutions v. Exercises for students to construct their own mind maps, designed to improve analytical skills Mind Maps in Biochemistry is an ideal textbook for quick and easy learning for high school and college level students studying biochemistry as well as teachers instructing courses at these levels.

Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry presents information about clinical laboratory techniques with the for junior healthcare professionals, medical residents and students. Book chapters provide guides which enable readers to suggest, arrange and interpret clinical chemistry tests effectively to enhance clinical care. Chapters of the book cover range of topics relevant to laboratory testing, clinical physiology and medical biochemistry which will equip readers with adequate knowledge on the subject. Key Features i. Topic-based presentation over 24 chapters ii. Coverage of practical and theoretical knowledge iii. Lucid and integrated presentation of concepts iv. Wide range of topics covered including laboratory testing, clinical physiology of organs and systems as well as endocrinology and toxicology v. packed with practical lab testing information Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry is an ideal textbook for quick and easy learning of clinical laboratory knowledge for undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers instructing courses at these levels.

Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry presents information about clinical laboratory techniques for junior healthcare professionals, medical residents and students. Each chapter enables readers to suggest, arrange and interpret clinical chemistry tests effectively with the objective of enhancing clinical care. Chapters of this part cover a range of topics focused on biochemical analysis including tumor detection, special topics in clinical biochemistry, the clinical chemistry of diseases, lab instrumentation and reference ranges of diseases. Key Features i. Topic-based presentation through 31 chapters in 6 sections ii. Coverage of practical and theoretical knowledge iii. Lucid and integrated presentation of concepts iv. Wide range of topics covered including tumor detection, special topics in clinical biochemistry, the clinical chemistry of diseases, lab instrumentation, and reference ranges in medical diagnosis v. Packed with practical lab testing information Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry is an ideal textbook for quick and easy learning of clinical laboratory knowledge for undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers instructing courses at these levels.

Bentham Briefs in Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy brings new trends and techniques in pharmacology and medical biochemistry to the forefront through unique volumes. Each volume provides a brief review of selected topics, written by scientific experts. The book series is essential reading for graduate students and researchers in pharmacology and life sciences as well as medical professionals seeking knowledge for research oriented projects. The first volume, Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants, is a compilation of articles about free radicals (which are extremely reactive, short-lived molecules with unpaired electron valency), and antioxidants (which are stabilizing agents of free radicals in the body). The volume presents 17 chapters on the biochemistry of free radicals and antioxidants, with contributions from over 60 scientists. Readers will understand the basic and clinical aspects of free radical biomedicine, the role of antioxidants in neutralizing free radicals through physiological homeostasis, as well as the range of natural compounds which can be used to combat oxidative stress. The chapters also cover special topics such as recent advances in preparation methods of antioxidants, and industrial applications of antioxidants. The range of topics in this volume provide a consolidated reference for a broad set of readers on the subject.

Oxygen is historically entwined from its discovery with radical applications as a panacea by charlatans and by daring men constructing bridges using underwater caissons. Oxygen has made possible the exploration of the depths of the oceans beginning with hard-hat diving suits and extending to scuba gear, underwater habitats and submarines as well as space exploration. Molecular oxygen is critically involved in health and disease in more ways than any other element. It is essential for metabolism of food to nourish our bodies. Understanding its biological and chemical nature helps us to understand the effects of exercise, vitamins and supplements, and drugs used for cancer therapies. Oxygen, the Breath of Life is a comprehensive reference on the historical, biological, chemical and medical aspects of oxygen. Readers, both laymen and experts, will gain knowledge of the basics of oxygen chemistry, how it functions in the human body, the role of oxidants in the development of various diseases. Chapters contain historical notes which highlight the discoveries of pioneering researchers.