How do things work? What makes up matter? How large is the universe? The answer to these questions lies in understanding physical phenomena: mechanics, electricity, magnetism, optics and many other phenomena can be explained through theories in physics. Indeed, progress in physics has been crucial for mankind’s technological progress. Theories and Theorems is an introductory handbook that gives readers a simple explanation of the laws of physics and presents these concepts in a way that stimulates people to think about the how-and-why of this physical world, in which we live.

The book presents methods of approximate solution of the basic problem of elasticity for special types of solids. Engineers can apply the approximate methods (Finite Element Method, Boundary Element Method) to solve the problems but the application of these methods may not be correct for solids with the certain singularities or asymmetrical boundary conditions. The book is recommended for researchers and professionals working on elasticity modeling. It explains methods of solving elasticity problems for special solids. Approximate methods (Finite Element Method, Boundary Element Method) have been used to solve these problems. The interpolation and the spline-interpolation solutions of the 3D problem of the theory of elasticity have been constructed in this work. The spline-interpolation solution can be considered as a variant of the finite element method.

Topological geometrodynamics (TGD) is a modification of the theory of general relativity inspired by the problems related to the definition of inertial and gravitational energies in the earlier hypotheses. TGD is also a generalization of super string models. TGD brings forth an elegant theoretical projection of reality and builds upon the work by renowned scientists (Wheeler, Feynman, Penrose, Einstein, Josephson to name a few). In TGD, Physical space-time planes are visualized as four-dimensional surfaces in a certain 8-dimensional space (H). The choice of H is fixed by symmetries of standard model and leads to a geometric mapping of known classical fields and elementary particle numbers. TGD differs from Einstein’s geometrodynamics in the way space-time planes or ‘sheets’ are lumped together. Extending the theory based on fusing number concepts implies a further generalisation of the space-time concept allowing the identification of space-time correlates of cognition and intentionality. Additionally, zero energy ontology forces an extension of quantum measurement theory to a theory of consciousness and a hierarchy of phases is identified. Dark matter is thus predicted with far reaching implications for the understanding of consciousness and living systems. Therefore, it sets a solid foundation for modeling our universe in geometric terms. Topological Geometrodynamics: An Overview explains basic and advanced concepts about TGD. The book covers introductory information and classical TGD concepts before delving into twistor-space theory, particle physics, infinite-dimensional spinor geometry, generalized number theory, Planck constants, and the applications of TGD theory in research. The book is a valuable guide to TDG theory for researchers and advanced graduates in theoretical physics and cosmology.

Turbulent Flow and Boundary Layer Theory: Selected Topics and Solved Problems explains fundamental concepts of turbulent flow with boundary layer analysis. A general introduction to turbulent flow familiarizes the reader with the mechanics of turbulence in fluid flow in both nature and engineering applications. The book also explains related concepts including transient flow, methods for controlling transients, turbulent models and dynamic equations for unsteady flow through closed conduits. The contents of the book are designed to help both students and teachers in carrying out turbulent flow analysis and solving problems in engineering and hydraulic applications. Key Features - all the basic concepts in turbulent flow are clearly identified and presented in a simple manner with illustrative and practical examples. - includes a self-contained approach to the subject, indicating prerequisite materials and information needed from courses. - each chapter also has a set of questions and problems to test the student’s power of comprehending the topics. - provides an exhaustive appendix on interesting examples Turbulent Flow and Boundary Layer Theory: Selected Topics and Solved Problems a useful textbook for students of engineering. It also serves as a quick reference for professionals, researchers and project consultants involved with processes that require turbulent flow and boundary layer methods analysis.