Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Anti-Infective Agents

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-3525
ISSN (Online): 2211-3533

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Efficacy of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Marrubium vulgare on Fungi Responsible for Apples Rot

Author(s): Amina Tabet Zatla*, Imane Mami, Mohammed El Amine Dib and Mohammed El Amine Sifi

Volume 18, Issue 3, 2020

Page: [285 - 293] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/2211352517666190618105332

Abstract

Background: The microorganisms such as Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea are wellknown pathogens in apples during postharvest. So, to protect apples from these pathogens, chemical control methods were exercised.

Introduction: The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition and the in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal properties of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Marrubium vulgare.

Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare were hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype apparatus. The essential oil and hydrosol extract isolated were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The in-vitro antifungal activity of the both extracts was investigated against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil and hydrosol extract on disease development of apple caused by Penicillium expansum in the in-vivo conditions was assessed.

Results: The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare was characterized principally by E-β-caryophyllene (23.5%), E-β-farnesene (21%), α-humulene (14.8%), β-bisabolene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) and phytol (3.1%). While, the methyl-eugenol (65.5%), α-Bisabolol (12.5%), linalool (6.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%) were the major compounds of hydrosol extract. The result of in-vitro antifungal activity of hydrosol extract showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata with percentage inhibition ranging from 77% to 89% at low concentration of 0.15 mL/L. The essential oil was found to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum in a dose-dependent manner, with a percentage inhibition of 100% at 30 mL/L. Furthermore, essential oil and hydrosol extract have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum up to 25th day of storage, compared with the control.

Conclusion: The preventive and protective effects of essential oil and hydrosol extract could be exploited as an ideal alternative to synthetic fungicides for using the protection of stored apples from fungal phytopathogens.

Keywords: Marrubium vulgare, essential oil, hydrosol extract, protective agents, Penicilium expansum, apples.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Spotts, R.A.; Cervantes, L.A. Populations, pathogenicity, and benomyl resistance of Botrytis spp., Penicillium spp., and Mucorpiriformis in packinghouses. Plant Dis., 1986, 70, 106-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PD-70-106]
[2]
Attrassi, K.; Selmaoui, K.; Ouazzani, T.A.; Badoc, A.; Douira, A. Biologie et physiologie des principaux agents fongiques de la pourriture des pommes en conservation et lutte chimique par l’azoxystrobine. Bull. Soc. Pharm. Bord., 2005, 144, 47-62.
[3]
Amiri, A.; Dugas, R.; Pichot, A.L.; Bompeix, G. In vitro and in vivo [corrected] activity of eugenol oil (Eugenia caryophylata) against four important postharvest apple pathogens. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2008, 126(1-2), 13-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.022] [PMID: 18554737]
[4]
Barnett, H.L.; Hunter, B.B. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi, 4thEd; The American Phytopathological Society, 2006.
[5]
Bauer, K.; Garbe, D.; Ssurburg, H. Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials; VCH Publishers (2nd ed. ), 1991.
[6]
Belhattab, R.; Larous, L.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Santos, P.A.G.; Costa, M.M.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G. Essential oil composition and glandular trichomes of Marrubium vulgare L. growing wild in Algeria. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2006, 18, 369-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699116]
[7]
Bouayad Alam, S.; Gaouar Benyelles, N.; Dib, M.A.; Djabou, N.; Tabti, L.; Paolini, J.; Muselli, A.; Costa, J. Antifungal activity of essential oils of three aromatic plants from western Algeria against five fungal pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual., 2014, 87, 56-61.
[8]
Bougatsos, C.; Ngassapa, O.; Runyoro, D.K.B.; Chinou, I.B. Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Helichrysum species from Tanzania. Z. Natforsch. C J. Biosci., 2004, 59(5-6), 368-372.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-5-614] [PMID: 18998403]
[9]
Chavan, M.J.; Wakte, P.S.; Shinde, D.B. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Caryophyllene oxide from Annona squamosa L. bark. Phytomedicine, 2010, 17(2), 149-151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.016] [PMID: 19576741]
[10]
Cheng, S.S.; Wu, C.L.; Chang, H.T.; Kao, Y.T.; Chang, S.T. Antitermitic and antifungal activities of essential oil of Calocedrus formosana leaf and its composition. J. Chem. Ecol., 2004, 30(10), 1957-1967.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000045588.67710.74] [PMID: 15609830]
[11]
Croteau, R.; Ketchum, R.E.; Long, R.M.; Kaspera, R.; Wildung, M.R. Taxol biosynthesis and molecular genetics. Phytochem. Rev., 2006, 5(1), 75-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-005-3748-2] [PMID: 20622989]
[12]
Dikbas, N.; Kotan, R.; Dadasoglu, F.; Sahin, F. Control of Aspergillus flavus with essential oil and methanol extract of Satureja hortensis. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2008, 124(2), 179-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.03.034] [PMID: 18455819]
[13]
Mari, M.; Neri, F.; Bertolini, P. Novel approach to prevent and control postharvest diseases of fruits. Stewart Postharvest Rev., 2007, 3, 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2212/spr.2007.6.4]
[14]
Kumar, A.; Shukla, R.; Singh, P.; Prasad, C.S.; Dubey, N.K. Assessment of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil as a safe botanical preservative against post-harvest fungal infestation of food commodities. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. J., 2008, 4, 575-580.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2007.12.005]
[15]
Gatto, M.A.; Ippolito, A.; Linsalata, V.; Cascarano, N.A.; Nigro, F. Va¬nadia, S.; Di Venere, D. Activity of extracts from wild edible herbs against postharvest fungal diseases of fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 2011, 61, 72-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.02.005]
[16]
Amiri, A.; Dugas, R.; Pichot, A.L.; Bompeix, G. In vitro and in vivo [corrected] activity of eugenol oil (Eugenia caryophylata) against four important postharvest apple pathogens. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2008, 126(1-2), 13-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.022] [PMID: 18554737]
[17]
Neri, F.; Mari, M.; Brigati, S. Control of Penicillium expansum by volatile compounds. Plant Pathol., 2006, 55, 100-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01312.x]
[18]
Znini, M.; Cristofari, G.; Majidi, L.; Mazouz, H.; Tomi, P.; Paolini, J.; Costa, J. Antifungal activity of essential oil from Asteriscus graveolens against postharvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2011, 6(11), 1763-1768.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100601147] [PMID: 22224306]
[19]
Lodhi, S.; Vadnere, G.P.; Kant, V.K.; Usman, S.R. Marrubium vulgare L.: A review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol., 2017, 6(4), 429-452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jice.20170713060840]
[20]
Meyre-Silva, C.; Cechinel-Filho, V. A review of the chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus marrubium. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2010, 16(31), 3503-3518.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210793563392] [PMID: 20942795]
[21]
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Saeedi, M.; Babanezhad, E. The Essential Oil Composition of Marrubium vulgare L. from Iran. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2008, 20, 488-490.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700065]
[22]
Khanavi, M.; Ghasemian, L.; Hosseiny Motlagh, E. Hadjia khoondi, A.; Shafiee, A. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Marrubium parviflorum Fisch. & C.A. Mey and Marrubium vulgare L. from Iran. Flavour Fragrance J., 2005, 20, 324-326.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1425]
[23]
Asadipour, A.; Mehrabani, M.; Nazeri, V.; Tabarraii, M. Composition of the essential oil of Marrubium vulgare L. Ulum-i-Daroei, 2005, 2, 77-82.
[24]
Nagy, M.; Svajdlenka, E. Comparison of Essential Oils from Marrubium vulgare L. and M. peregrinum L. J. Essent. Oil Res., 1998, 10, 585-587.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1998.9700978]
[25]
Belhattab, R.; Larous, L.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Santos, P.A.G.; Costa, M.M.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G. Essential oil composition and glandular trichomes of Marrubium vulgare L. growing wild in Algeria. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2006, 18, 369-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699116]
[26]
Santos, C.; Costa, M.M.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G. Essential oil composition and glandular trichomes of Marrubium vulgare L. growing wild in Algeria. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2006, 18, 369-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699116]
[27]
Hamdaoui, B.; Aidi Wannes, W.; Marrakchi, M.; Ben Brahim, N.; Marzouk, B. Essential Oil Composition of Two Tunisian Horehound Species: Marrubium vulgare L. and Marrubium aschersonii. Magnus. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl., 2013, 16, 608-612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.854492]
[28]
Jennings, W.; Shibamoto, T. Qualitative analysis of flavour and fragrance volatiles by glass-capillary gas chromatography; Academic Press, 1980.
[29]
http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry2008
[30]
Samson, R.A.; Hoekstra, E.S.; Frisvad, J.C. Introduction to Food and Airborne Fungi Centraal bureau voor Schimmel cultures, (7th ed.); , 2004.
[31]
De Hoog, G.S.; Guarro, J.; Gené, J.; Figueras, M.J. Atlas of Clinical Fungi CD-ROM. Ed. CBS, (3rd ed.); , 2009.
[32]
Belabbes, R.; Dib, M.E.A.; Djabou, N.; Ilias, F.; Tabti, B.; Costa, J.; Muselli, A. Chemical Variability, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils and Hydrosol Extract of Calendula arvensis L. from Western Algeria. Chem. Biodivers., 2017, 14(5)e1600482
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600482] [PMID: 28109063]
[33]
Tian, J.; Ban, X.; Zeng, H.; He, J.; Huang, B.; Wang, Y. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil from Cicuta virosa L. var. latisecta Celak. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2011, 145(2-3), 464-470.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.023] [PMID: 21320730]
[34]
Singh, P.; Srivastava, B.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, R.; Dubey, N.K.; Gupta, R. Assessment of Pelargonium graveolens oil as plant-based antimicrobial and aflatoxin suppressor in food preservation. J. Sci. Food Agric., 2008, 88, 2421-2425.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3342]
[35]
Tabet Zatla, A.; Dib, M.E.A.; Djabou, N.; Ilias, F.; Costa, J.; Muselli, A. Antifungal activities of essential oils and hydrosol extracts of Daucus carota subsp. sativus for the control of fungal pathogens, in particular gray rot of strawberry during storage. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2017, 29, 391-399.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2017.1322008]
[36]
De Lucca, A.J.; Pauli, A.; Schilcher, H.; Sien, T.; Bhatnagar, D.; Walsh, T.J. Fungicidal and Bactericidal Properties of Bisabolol and Dragosantol. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2011, 23, 47-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700457]
[37]
Weel, K.G.C.; Venskutonis, P.R.; Pukalskas, A.; Gruzdiene, D.; Linssen, J.P.H. Antioxidant Activity of Horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) Grown in Lithuania. Fett/Lipid., 101, 395-400 1999.
[38]
Saleh, M.M.; Glombitza, K.W. Volatile Oil of Marrubium vulgare and its Anti-schistosomal Activity. Planta Med., 1989, 55, 105-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961873]
[39]
Kadri, A.; Zarai, Z.; Bekir, A.; Gharsallah, N.; Damak, M.; Gdoura, R. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Marrubium vulgare L. essential oil from Tunisia. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2011, 10, 3908-3914.
[40]
Santos, C.; Costa, M.M.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G. Essential oil composition and glandular trichomes of Marrubium vulgare L. growing wild in Algeria. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2006, 18, 369-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699116]
[41]
Abadi, A.; Abdellatif, F. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Marrubium vulgare growing wild in Eastern Algeria. International Letters of Chemistry. Physics and Astronomy, 2013, 10, 159-166.
[42]
Bauer, K.; Garbe, D.; Surburg, H. Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials; VCH Publishers (2nd ed. ) 1991.
[43]
Sköld, M.; Karlberg, A.T.; Matura, M.; Börje, A. The fragrance chemical β-caryophyllene-air oxidation and skin sensitization. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2006, 44(4), 538-545.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.08.028] [PMID: 16226832]
[44]
Cheng, S.S.; Wu, C.L.; Chang, H.T.; Kao, Y.T.; Chang, S.T. Antitermitic and antifungal activities of essential oil of Calocedrus formosana leaf and its composition. J. Chem. Ecol., 2004, 30(10), 1957-1967.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000045588.67710.74] [PMID: 15609830]
[45]
Goren, A.C.; Piozzi, F.; Akcicek, E.; Kılıç, T.; Çarıkç, I.S.; Mozioglu, E.; Setzer, W.N. Essential oil composition of twenty-two Stachysspecies (mountain tea) and their biological activities. Phytochem. Lett., 2011, 4, 448-453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2011.04.013]
[46]
Ghelardini, C.; Galeotti, N.; Di Cesare Mannelli, L.; Mazzanti, G.; Bartolini, A. Local anaesthetic activity of β-caryophyllene. Farmaco, 2001, 56(5-7), 387-389.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01092-8] [PMID: 11482764]
[47]
Kubo, I.; Chaudhuri, S.K.; Kubo, Y.; Sanchez, Y.; Ogura, T.; Saito, T.; Ishikawa, H.; Haraguchi, H. Cytotoxic and antioxidative sesquiterpenoids from Heterotheca inuloides. Planta Med., 1996, 62(5), 427-430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957932] [PMID: 8923808]
[48]
da Silva, S.L.; Figueiredo, P.M.S.; Yano, T. Chemotherapeutic potential of the volatile oils from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam leaves. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2007, 576(1-3), 180-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.065] [PMID: 17716654]
[49]
Di Sotto, A.; Mazzanti, G.; Carbone, F.; Hrelia, P.; Maffei, F. Inhibition by β-caryophyllene of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced clastogenicity in cultured human lymphocytes. Mutat. Res., 2010, 699(1-2), 23-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.008] [PMID: 20398787]
[50]
Tung, Y.T.; Chua, M.T.; Wang, S.Y.; Chang, S.T. Anti-inflammation activities of essential oil and its constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) twigs. Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99(9), 3908-3913.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.050] [PMID: 17826984]
[51]
Dahham, S.S.; Tabana, Y.M.; Iqbal, M.A.; Ahamed, M.B.; Ezzat, M.O.; Majid, A.S.; Majid, A.M. The Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Sesquiterpene β-Caryophyllene from the Essential Oil of Aquilaria crassna. Molecules, 2015, 20(7), 11808-11829.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules200711808] [PMID: 26132906]
[52]
Wu, C.L.; Chien, S.C.; Wang, S.Y.; Kuo, Y.H.; Chang, S.T. Structure-activity relationships of cadinane-type sesquiterpene derivatives against wood-decay fungi. Holzforschung, 2005, 59, 620-627.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/HF.2005.100]
[53]
Ali, A.; Tabanca, N.; Demirci, B.; Blythe, E.K.; Ali, Z.; Baser, K.H.; Khan, I.A.; Khan, I.A. Chemical composition and biological activity of four salvia essential oils and individual compounds against two species of mosquitoes. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2015, 63(2), 447-456.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf504976f] [PMID: 25531412]
[54]
Bougatsos, C.; Ngassapa, O.; Runyoro, D.K.B.; Chinou, I.B. Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Helichrysum species from Tanzania. Z. Natforsch. C J. Biosci., 2004, 59(5-6), 368-372.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-5-614] [PMID: 18998403]
[55]
Kamatou, G.P.P.; Viljoen, A.M. A Review of the Application and Pharmacological Properties of α-Bisabolol and α-Bisabolol-Rich Oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 2010, 87, 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-009-1483-3]
[56]
Houicher, A.; Hechachna, H.; Özogul, F. In Vitro Determination of the Antifungal Activity of Artemisia campestris Essential Oil from Algeria. Int. J. Food Prop., 2016, 19, 1749-1756.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2015.1107734]
[57]
Fontenelle, R.O.S.; Morais, S.M.; Brito, E.H.S.; Kerntopf, M.R.; Brilhante, R.S.N.; Cordeiro, R.A.; Tomé, A.R.; Queiroz, M.G.R.; Nascimento, N.R.F.; Sidrim, J.J.C.; Rocha, M.F. Chemical composition, toxicological aspects and antifungal activity of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2007, 59(5), 934-940.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkm066] [PMID: 17376793]
[58]
Botelho, M.A.; Nogueira, N.A.P.; Bastos, G.M.; Fonseca, S.G.C.; Lemos, T.L.G.; Matos, F.J.A.; Montenegro, D.; Heukelbach, J.; Rao, V.S.; Brito, G.A.C. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2007, 40(3), 349-356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2007000300010] [PMID: 17334532]
[59]
Fontenelle, R.O.S.; Morais, S.M.; Brito, E.H.S.; Brilhante, R.S.N.; Cordeiro, R.A.; Nascimento, N.R.F.; Kerntopf, M.R.; Sidrim, J.J.C.; Rocha, M.F.G. Antifungal activity of essential oils of Croton species from the Brazilian Caatinga biome. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2008, 104(5), 1383-1390.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03707.x] [PMID: 18298533]
[60]
Yang, D.; Michel, L.; Chaumont, J.P.; Millet-Clerc, J. Use of caryophyllene oxide as an antifungal agent in an in vitro experimental model of onychomycosis. Mycopathologia, 1999, 148(2), 79-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007178924408] [PMID: 11189747]
[61]
D’Auria, F.D.; Tecca, M.; Strippoli, V.; Salvatore, G.; Battinelli, L.; Mazzanti, G. Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form. Med. Mycol., 2005, 43(5), 391-396.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780400004810] [PMID: 16178366]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
3
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy