Abstract
Background: Commelina communis Linn (Commelinae Herba) is a traditional Chinese medicine that can be used both as food and as medicine. It has been used to treat a variety of disorders, including a cold, high fever, sore throat, edema and oliguria for many years. Two pairs of isomeric flavonoid glycosides are the main active components in Commelina communis Linn, and they have a high content.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamic and pharmacological effects of Commelina communis Linn.
Method: A sensitive, efficient, and rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously identify two pairs of isomeric flavonoid glycosides in rats. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Wonda Cract ODS-2 C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid (aqueous solution) and methanol at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection of the four analytes and the internal standard (IS) sulfamethoxazole was performed with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in negative electrospray ionization mode. All the analytes were eluted within 20 min.
Results: This method was successfully applied for simultaneous identification of the concentrations of the four compounds in the plasma after the oral administration of 10 mL/kg Commelina communis Linn extract to rats. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that analytes reached their Cmax in approximately 15 min and could be detected until 12 h.
Conclusion: The method complies with the State Food and Drug Administration guidelines for selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability. This is the first report on the pharmacokinetics of Commelina communis Linn. The information gained from this research may be valuable for the preclinical and clinical applications of Commelina communis Linn.
Keywords: Pharmacokinetics, LC-MS/MS, rat plasma, Commelina communis Linn, flavonoid glycosides, formic acid.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Yang, Q.; Ye, G. A new C-glucoside from Commelina com-munis. Chem. Nat. Compd., 2009, 45(1), 59-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9253-x]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9253-x]
[2]
Kim, H.S.; Kim, Y.H.; Hong, Y.S.; Paek, N.S.; Lee, H.S.; Kim, T.H.; Kim, K.W.; Lee, J.J. Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors from Commelina communis. Planta Med., 1999, 65(5), 437-439.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960803] [PMID: 10418330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960803] [PMID: 10418330]
[3]
Youn, J.Y.; Park, H.Y.; Cho, K.H. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Commelina communis L.: inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 2004, 66(Suppl. 1), S149-S155.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2003.08.015] [PMID: 15563967]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2003.08.015] [PMID: 15563967]
[4]
Yang, Q.; Ye, G.; Zhao, W.M. Chemical constituents of Commelina communis Linn. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35(9), 621-623.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.02.002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.02.002]
[5]
Jeong, J.M.; Choi, C.H.; Kang, S.K.; Lee, I.H.; Lee, J.Y.; Jung, H. Antioxidant and chemosensitizing effects of flavonoids with hydroxy and/or methoxy groups and structure-activity relationship. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2007, 10(4), 537-546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/J3KW2Z] [PMID: 18261373]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/J3KW2Z] [PMID: 18261373]
[6]
Siddiqui, M.R.; AlOthman, Z.A.; Rahman, N. Analytical tech-niques in pharmaceutical analysis: a review. Arab. J. Chem., 2017, 10, S1409-S1421.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.016]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.016]
[7]
AlOthman, Z.A.; Rahman, N.; Siddiqui, M.R. Review on pharmaceutical impurities,stability studies and degradation products: an analytical approach. Rev. Adv. Sci. Eng., 2013, 2, 155-166.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/rase.2013.1039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/rase.2013.1039]
[8]
Rahman, N.; Azmi, S.N.H.; Wu, H.F. The importance of impurity analysis in pharmaceutical products: an integrated approach. Accredit. Qual. Assur., 2006, 11(1-2), 69-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-006-0095-y]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-006-0095-y]
[9]
Zhang, Z.; Jia, P.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Q.; Yang, H.; Shi, H.; Zhang, L. LC-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of seven flavonoids in rat plasma after oral administration of Cirsium japonicum DC. extract. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014, 158(Pt A), 66-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.022] [PMID: 25456423]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.022] [PMID: 25456423]
[10]
Li, D.; Wang, Q.; Yuan, Z.F.; Zhang, L.; Xu, L.; Cui, Y.; Duan, K. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of orientin in rat by liquid chromatography. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2008, 47(2), 429-434.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.035] [PMID: 18395390]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.035] [PMID: 18395390]
[11]
Liao, S.; Ren, Q.; Yang, C.; Zhang, T.; Li, J.; Wang, X.; Qu, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Wang, S. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination and pharmacokinetic analysis of amentoflavone and its conjugated metabolites in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2015, 63(7), 1957-1966.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf5019615] [PMID: 25415840]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf5019615] [PMID: 25415840]
[12]
Chen, W.; Li, J.; Sun, Z.; Wu, C.; Ma, J.; Wang, J.; Liu, S.; Han, X. Comparative pharmacokinetics of six coumarins in normal and breast cancer bone-metastatic mice after oral administration of Wenshen Zhuanggu Formula. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2018, 224, 36-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.031] [PMID: 29803570]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.031] [PMID: 29803570]
[13]
Ramalingam, P.; Ganesan, P.; Choi, D.K.; Ko, Y.T. Development of a selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of α-asarone in mouse plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2018, 151, 284-290.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.024] [PMID: 29413976]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.024] [PMID: 29413976]
[14]
Lakshmi, M.; Gupta, S.; Mishra, S.; Maurya, R.; Chattopadh-yay, N.; Jain, G.K. LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous analysis of cladrin and equol in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics study of cladrin. Med. Chem. Res., 2010, 19, S79-S79.
[15]
Huang, M.C.; Hsueh, T.Y.; Cheng, Y.Y.; Lin, L.C.; Tsai, T.H. Pharmacokinetics and Biliary Excretion of Fisetin in Rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2018, 66(25), 6300-6307.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00917] [PMID: 29862816]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00917] [PMID: 29862816]
[16]
Zheng, Z.; Zhao, X.E.; Zhu, S.; Dang, J.; Qiao, X.; Qiu, Z.; Tao, Y. Simultaneous Determination of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid by in Vivo Microdialysis via UHPLC-MS/MS Using Magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction coupling with microwave-assisted derivatization and its application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Arctiumlappa L. Root Extract in Rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2018, 66(15), 3975-3982.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06015] [PMID: 29560718]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06015] [PMID: 29560718]
[17]
Lin, L.C.; Pai, Y.F.; Tsai, T.H. isolation of luteolin and luteolin-7-o-glucoside from dendranthema morifolium ramat tzvel and their pharmacokinetics in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2015, 63(35), 7700-7706.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf505848z] [PMID: 25625345]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf505848z] [PMID: 25625345]
[18]
Zhang, S.; Xie, Y.; Wang, J.; Geng, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Sun, C.; Wang, G. Development of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of two pairs of isomeric flavonoid glycosides and other ones in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed. Chromatogr., 2017, 31(10)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3972] [PMID: 28294360]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3972] [PMID: 28294360]
[19]
Huang, L.H.; Xiong, X.H.; Zhong, Y.M.; Cen, M.F.; Cheng, X.G.; Wang, G.X.; Zang, L.Q.; Wang, S.J. Pharmacokinetics of isochlorgenic acid C in rats by HPLC-MS: Absolute bioavailability and dose proportionality. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 185, 105-109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.019] [PMID: 26972507]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.019] [PMID: 26972507]
[20]
Bai, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, B.; Zhang, M.; Xu, Y.; Li, S.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, Z. Plasma Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, and Tissue Distribution of Four C-Glycosyl Flavones from Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Seed Extracts in Rat by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2017, 65(27), 5570-5580.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02053] [PMID: 28627167]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02053] [PMID: 28627167]
[21]
Huang, J.T.; Cheng, Y.Y.; Lin, L.C.; Tsai, T.H. Structural Pharmacokinetics of Polymethoxylated Flavones in Rat Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2017, 65(11), 2406-2413.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05390] [PMID: 28251856]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05390] [PMID: 28251856]
[22]
Wang, S.Y.; Chai, J.Y.; Zhang, W.J.; Liu, X.; Du, Y.; Cheng, Z.Z.; Ying, X.X.; Kang, T.G. HPLC determination of five polyphenols in rat plasma after intravenous administration of hawthorn leaves extract and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Yakugaku Zasshi, 2010, 130(11), 1603-1613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.130.1603] [PMID: 21048422]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.130.1603] [PMID: 21048422]
[23]
Jiang, S.H.; Cheng, Y.Y.; Huo, T.I.; Tsai, T.H. Pharmacokinetics of Rhodamine 110 and Its Organ Distribution in Rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2017, 65(35), 7797-7804.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02685] [PMID: 28793756]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02685] [PMID: 28793756]
[24]
Gu, S.; Cao, B.; Sun, R.; Tang, Y.; Paletta, J.L.; Wu, X.; Liu, L.; Zha, W.; Zhao, C.; Li, Y.; Ridlon, J.M.; Hylemon, P.B.; Zhou, H.; Aa, J.; Wang, G. A metabolomic and pharmacokinetic study on the mechanism underlying the lipid-lowering effect of orally administered berberine. Mol. Biosyst., 2015, 11(2), 463-474.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4MB00500G] [PMID: 25411028]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4MB00500G] [PMID: 25411028]
[25]
Wang, G.N.; Pan, R.L.; Liao, Y.H.; Chen, Y.; Tang, J.T.; Chang, Q. An LC-MS/MS method for determination of forsythiaside in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2010, 878(1), 102-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.029] [PMID: 19945919]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.029] [PMID: 19945919]
[26]
Ge, B.; Zhao, L.; Li, X.; Xu, P.; Xue, M. Glucuronidation is the dominating in vivo metabolism pathway of herbacetin: Elucidation of herbacetin pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration in rats. J. Funct. Foods, 2018, 40, 659-669.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.006]
[27]
Chen, L.; Liu, Y.; Jia, D.; Yang, J.; Zhao, J.; Chen, C.; Liu, H.; Liang, X. pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of aurantiamide and aurantiamide acetate in rats after oral administration of portulaca oleracea L. Extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2016, 64(17), 3445-3455.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00470] [PMID: 27075043]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00470] [PMID: 27075043]
[28]
Hu, P.Y.; Yue, P.F.; Zheng, Q.; Yang, M.; Zhang, G.S.; Wu, B.; Liu, D. Pharmacokinetic comparative study of gastrodin after oral administration of Gastrodia elata Bl. extract and its compatibility with the different indigents of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. to rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 191, 82-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.007] [PMID: 27267828]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.007] [PMID: 27267828]
[29]
Li, D.; Wang, Q.; Xu, L.; Li, M.; Jing, X.; Zhang, L. Pharmacokinetic study of three active flavonoid glycosides in rat after intravenous administration of Trollius ledebourii extract by liquid chromatography. Biomed. Chromatogr., 2008, 22(10), 1130-1136.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1035] [PMID: 18651602]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1035] [PMID: 18651602]
[30]
Xiao, B.X.; Feng, L.; Cao, F.R.; Pan, R.L.; Liao, Y.H.; Liu, X.M.; Chang, Q. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the five isoflavonoids from Pueraria lobata roots in the CSF and plasma of rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 184, 22-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.027] [PMID: 26923541]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.027] [PMID: 26923541]
[31]
Jin, M.J.; Kim, I.S.; Park, J.S.; Dong, M.S.; Na, C.S.; Yoo, H.H. pharmacokinetic profile of eight phenolic compounds and their conjugated metabolites after oral administration of rhus verniciflua extracts in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2015, 63(22), 5410-5416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01724] [PMID: 25998231]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01724] [PMID: 25998231]
[32]
Zhu, D.; Zhou, Q.; Li, H.; Li, S.; Dong, Z.; Li, D.; Zhang, W. pharmacokinetic characteristics of steamed notoginseng by an efficient lc-ms/ms method for simultaneously quantifying twenty-three triterpenoids. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2018, 66(30), 8187-8198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03169] [PMID: 29989810]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03169] [PMID: 29989810]
[33]
Kong, M.; Liu, H.H.; Wu, J.; Shen, M.Q.; Wang, Z.G.; Duan, S.M.; Zhang, Y.B.; Zhu, H.; Li, S.L. Effects of sulfur-fumigation on the pharmacokinetics, metabolites and analgesic activity of Radix Paeoniae Alba. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2018, 212, 95-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.023] [PMID: 29080828]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.023] [PMID: 29080828]
Article Metrics
15