Generic placeholder image

Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5257
ISSN (Online): 1875-6182

Systematic Review Article

Fluoroquinolones and the Risk of Aortic Aneurysm or Aortic Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author(s): Prashanth Rawla*, Marie Line El Helou and Anantha R. Vellipuram

Volume 17, Issue 1, 2019

Page: [3 - 10] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190402121958

Abstract

Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the risk of an aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection following fluoroquinolone administration.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for controlled studies including adult patients exposed to fluoroquinolones with a primary outcome of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection.

Results: The meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the effect estimates of four controlled observational studies (one case-control, one case-crossover and two cohort studies). Fluoroquinolone administration more than doubled the risk to develop aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection within 60 days following fluoroquinolone exposure (adjusted Relative Risk [RR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 2.14 (1.93 - 2.36); I2 = 15.8%). The quality of the finding was rated as moderate.

The risk increase for aortic aneurysm alone was found to be significant (adjusted RR (95% CI) = 2.23 (2.01 - 2.45); I2 = 0%) while the risk increase for aortic dissection alone was not found to be significant (adjusted RR = 1.88 (0.11 - 3.65); I2 = 74%).

In subgroup analysis, the risk increase for aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection appeared to be higher in females compared to males (RR = 1.87 (1.24 - 2.51); I2 = 0% versus RR = 1.58 (1.25 - 1.92); I2 = 0%, respectively) and higher in older patients compared to younger patients (RR = 1.72 (1.37 - 2.07); I2 = 0% versus RR = 1.47 (0.91 - 2.04); I2 = 0%, respectively).

Subgroup analysis of two studies which measured the duration-response analysis found that as the duration of fluoroquinolone therapy increased from 3 to 14 days to greater than 14 days, there was an increased risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection.

Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis confirm the positive association between fluoroquinolones and the development of aortic aneurysm or dissection. The data tend to show that this association may be majorly driven by aortic aneurysm. Additionally, some risk factors appear to prevail including prolonged fluoroquinolone treatment and older age.

Keywords: Adverse reactions, aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, drug safety, fluoroquinolone, pharmacovigilance.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Kabbani, S.; Hersh, A.L.; Shapiro, D.J.; Fleming-Dutra, K.E.; Pavia, A.T.; Hicks, L.A. Opportunities to improve fluoroquinolone prescribing in the United States for adult ambulatory care visits. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2018, 67(1), 134-136.
[2]
Stephenson, A.L.; Wu, W.; Cortes, D.; Rochon, P.A. Tendon injury and fluoroquinolone use: A systematic review. Drug Saf., 2013, 36(9), 709-721.
[3]
Kuo, S.C.; Chen, Y.T.; Lee, Y.T.; Fan, N.W.; Chen, S.J.; Li, S.Y.; Liu, C.J.; Chen, T.L.; Chen, T.J.; Fung, C.P. Association between recent use of fluoroquinolones and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A population-based cohort study. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2014, 58(2), 197-203.
[4]
Singh, S.; Nautiyal, A. Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysms associated with fluoroquinolones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Med., 2017, 130(12), 1449-1457.
[5]
Michalak, K.; Sobolewska-Wlodarczyk, A.; Wlodarczyk, M.; Sobolewska, J.; Wozniak, P.; Sobolewski, B. Treatment of the fluoroquinolone-associated disability: The pathobiochemical implications. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2017, 20178023935
[6]
Kaleagasioglu, F.; Olcay, E. Fluoroquinolone-induced tendinopathy: Etiology and preventive measures. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2012, 226(4), 251-258.
[7]
Meszaros, I.; Morocz, J.; Szlavi, J.; Schmidt, J.; Tornoci, L.; Nagy, L.; Szep, L. Epidemiology and clinicopathology of aortic dissection. Chest, 2000, 117(5), 1271-1278.
[8]
Nordon, I.M.; Hinchliffe, R.J.; Loftus, I.M.; Thompson, M.M. Pathophysiology and epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2011, 8(2), 92-102.
[9]
Kuivaniemi, H.; Ryer, E.J.; Elmore, J.R.; Tromp, G. Understanding the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther., 2015, 13(9), 975-987.
[10]
Johnston, K.W.; Rutherford, R.B.; Tilson, M.D.; Shah, D.M.; Hollier, L.; Stanley, J.C. Suggested standards for reporting on arterial aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg., 1991, 13(3), 452-458.
[11]
Ashley, E.A.; Niebauer, J. In: . Cardiology Explained; London, 2004.
[12]
Melvinsdottir, I.H.; Lund, S.H.; Agnarsson, B.A.; Sigvaldason, K.; Gudbjartsson, T.; Geirsson, A. The incidence and mortality of acute thoracic aortic dissection: Results from a whole nation study. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 2016, 50(6), 1111-1117.
[13]
Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D.G.; Group, P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med., 2009, 6(7)e1000097
[14]
Wells, G.A.; Shea, B.; O’Connell, D.; Peterson, J.; Welch, V.; Losos, M.; Tugwell, P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa:; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 2011.
[15]
Neyeloff, J.L.; Fuchs, S.C.; Moreira, L.B. Meta-analyses and forest plots using a microsoft excel spreadsheet: Step-by-step guide focusing on descriptive data analysis. BMC Res. Notes, 2012, 5, 52.
[16]
Ryan, R.H.S. How to GRADE the quality of the evidence., Cochrane Consumers and Communication Group. . (15 June).
[17]
Daneman, N.; Lu, H.; Redelmeier, D.A. Fluoroquinolones and collagen associated severe adverse events: A longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open, 2015, 5(11)e010077
[18]
Pasternak, B.; Inghammar, M.; Svanstrom, H. Fluoroquinolone use and risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection: Nationwide cohort study. BMJ, 2018, 360, k678.
[19]
Lee, C.C.; Lee, M.T.; Chen, Y.S.; Lee, S.H.; Chen, Y.S.; Chen, S.C.; Chang, S.C. Risk of aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm in patients taking oral fluoroquinolone. JAMA Intern. Med., 2015, 175(11), 1839-1847.
[20]
Lee, C.C.; Lee, M.G.; Hsieh, R.; Porta, L.; Lee, W.C.; Lee, S.H.; Chang, S.S. Oral fluoroquinolone and the risk of aortic dissection. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2018, 72(12), 1369-1378.
[21]
Braverman, A.C. Acute aortic dissection clinician update. Circulation, 2010, 122, 184-188.
[22]
Kuivaniemi, H.; Ryer, E.J.; Elmore, J.R.; Tromp, G. Understanding the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther., 2015, 13(9), 975-987.
[23]
Qin, P.; Liu, R. Oxidative stress response of two fluoroquinolones with catalase and erythrocytes: A combined molecular and cellular study. J. Hazard. Mater., 2013, 252-253, 321-329.
[24]
Tsai, W.C.; Hsu, C.C.; Chen, C.P.; Chang, H.N.; Wong, A.M.; Lin, M.S.; Pang, J.H. Ciprofloxacin up-regulates tendon cells to express matrix metalloproteinase-2 with degradation of type I collagen. J. Orthop. Res., 2011, 29(1), 67-73.
[25]
Badal, S.; Her, Y.F.; Maher, L.J. Nonantibiotic effects of fluoroquinolones in mammalian cells. J. Biol. Chem., 2015, 290(36), 22287-22297.
[26]
Fan, L.M.; Douglas, G.; Bendall, J.K.; McNeill, E.; Crabtree, M.J.; Hale, A.B.; Mai, A.; Li, J.M.; McAteer, M.A.; Schneider, J.E.; Choudhury, R.P.; Channon, K.M. Endothelial cell-specific reactive oxygen species production increases susceptibility to aortic dissection. Circulation, 2014, 129(25), 2661-2672.
[27]
Shen, M.; Lee, J.; Basu, R.; Sakamuri, S.S.; Wang, X.; Fan, D.; Kassiri, Z. Divergent roles of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2015, 35(4), 888-898.
[28]
LeMaire, S.A.; Zhang, L.; Luo, W.; Ren, P.; Azares, A.R.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, C.; Coselli, J.S.; Shen, Y.H. Effect of ciprofloxacin on susceptibility to aortic dissection and rupture in mice. JAMA Surg., 2018, 153(9)e181804
[29]
Guzzardi, D.G.; Teng, G.; Kang, S.; Geeraert, P.J.; Pattar, S.S.; Svystonyuk, D.A.; Belke, D.D.; Fedak, P.W.M. Induction of human aortic myofibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix dysregulation: A potential mechanism of fluoroquinolone associated aortopathy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 2019, 157(1), 109-119.
[30]
Guo, Y.; Bai, Y.; Yang, C.; Wang, P.; Gu, L. Mycotic aneurysm due to Salmonella species: Clinical experiences and review of the literature. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2018, 51(9)e6864
[31]
Yaguea, M.; Tempranoa, I.; Losab, J.; De Benitoc, L.; De La Cruzd, R.; Cheynee, N.; Henriquez, C. Staphylococcus aureus aortitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis: A case report and literature review. IDCases, 2016, 5, 60-62.
[32]
Gardiner, B.J.; Wong, J.; Yii, M.; Buckenham, T.; Korman, T.M. Streptococcus pyogenes aortic aneurysm infection: Forgotten but not gone. Infect. Dis. Rep., 2013, 5(11), 37-39.
[33]
Hinterseher, I.; Gabel, G.; Corvinus, F.; Saeger, H.D.; Bergert, H.; Tromp, G.; Kuivaniemi, H. Presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antibodies in the serum of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2012, 31(5), 781-789.
[34]
Morales, D.R.; Slattery, J.; Pacurariu, A.; Pinhiro, L.; McGettigan, P.; Kurz, X. Relative and absolute risk of tendon rupture with fluoroquinolone and concomitant fluoroquinolone/corticosteroid therapy: Population-based nested case-control study. Clin. Drug Investig., 2019, 39, 205-213.
[35]
Khaliq, Y.; Zhanel, G.G. Fluoroquinolone-associated tendinopathy: A critical review of the literature. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2003, 36(11), 1404-1410.
[36]
Persson, R.; Jick, S. Clinical implications of the association between fluoroquinolones and tendon rupture: The magnitude of the effect with and without corticosteroids. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13879]
[37]
Nyyssönen, T.; Lantto, I.; Lüthje, P.; Selander, T.; Kröger, H. Drug treatments associated with Achilles tendon rupture. A casecontrol study involving 1118 Achilles tendon ruptures. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 2018, 28(12), 2625-2629.
[38]
Wise, B.L.; Peloquin, C.; Choi, H.; Lane, N.E.; Zhang, Y. Impact of age, sex, obesity, and steroid use on quinolone-associated tendon disorders. Am. J. Med., 2012, 125(12), 23-28.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version302msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[03:10:13] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[03:10:13] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[03:10:13] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (134ms)time
  • Application (168ms)time
  • 1 x Application (55.68%)
    168ms
    1 x Booting (44.32%)
    134ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    32 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 28 unique. Show only duplicated95.89ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314320401','',1,1739848213,1739848213) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739848213
      1.18msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314320401','/article/97749',1,1739848213,1739848213)
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314320401 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314320401) limit 1
      19.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 314320401
      • 1: 314320401
      • 2: 314320401
      • 3: 314320401
      • 4: 314320401
      • 5: 314320401
      • 6: 314320401
      • 7: 314320401
      • 8: 314320401
      • 9: 314320401
      • 10: 314320401
      • 11: 314320401
      • 12: 314320401
      • 13: 314320401
      • 14: 314320401
      • 15: 314320401
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=97749
      910μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 20 limit 1
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 20
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=20) and sj.journal_id!=20 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=20) and sj.journal_id!=20 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      1.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=20) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.72msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=20) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.61msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '97749'
      1.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 97749
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '97749'
      2.66msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 97749
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '97749' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      3.5msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 97749
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 20 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      26.74msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 20 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      6.38msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 20 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 97749 limit 1
      680μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 97749
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 97749 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      1.51msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 258 and cd.sub_disease_id = 426 and content_id!=97749 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      11.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 171213 limit 1
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 171213
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CHAMC' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CHAMC
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '97749' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '3' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9219 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 3
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '10' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9219 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 10
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      160μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 97749 limit 1
      2.42msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 97749
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 20 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848213 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848213 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 20
      • 3: 1739848213
      • 4: 1739848213
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 20 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848213 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848213 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 20
      • 3: 1739848213
      • 4: 1739848213
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='7d7e2fab8b75475be6e2922f99de0e88'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        hpdNwBJCLgphJ8HWD8anJe2aOpZYfew7iAtE5vBx
        uc_cart_id
        7d7e2fab8b75475be6e2922f99de0e88
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/97749" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/97749
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImpCeEpOZXFJQ09DNVkrSituSWVJL0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmZWbUZ1QnFodGNSSlVLMEJ6SHRLc0ordGM4ekVFMURERXV5Yk1HOEc0QT0iLCJtYWMiOiJmMmM2MDIxN2ExYmIzMmYzODEzZGIwYzJhZjM4YWIyYTZlOTdhNDg3M2RjNGI0NmExODFmNDYyZmFkOTdiZmFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImpCeEpOZXFJQ09DNVkrSituSWVJL0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmZWbUZ1QnFodGNSSlVLMEJ6SHRLc0ordGM4ekVFMURERXV5Yk1HOEc0QT0iLCJtYWMiOiJmMmM2MDIxN2ExYmIz" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:10:13 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJZbC9ibEpVbEIvMDl1cWl2VmdhVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiek5aakJkMUU1OFd6VXNGWE1mYlpuYWllZW5wNFNGN2pQVXJDSFczcXJHOHVscTNERTczVzFCNnhKZmVUY1RJcGNNUHNycUtNSS9HRzJ3Wm4zOTZ2RTZFSXU3RmRQQTBBRnltWUpENFdqUGwzbFpJbzF1dXozWnNFWUV2eUE0WDkiLCJtYWMiOiI5NTAzZTJiY2QxMjJiZmI1MzFiYmNkYjYwMWJlMWU3YTQ3YTU3ZjM3YzA2OWYzODUxOGNmZWFhZGUwMTMzOTdmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:10:13 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJZbC9ibEpVbEIvMDl1cWl2VmdhVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiek5aakJkMUU1OFd6VXNGWE1mYlpuYWllZW5wNFNGN2pQVXJDSFczcXJHOHVscTNERTczVzFCNnhKZmVUY1RJcGNNUHNyc" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlErV2owMEdVYnhGdjZOZmJiMmVWcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjhib3RFTVNBa0F5SHoyNU5IUFk1RUFocGpaeTlYOUpnWklqZ0tYYzNwb21ySkdSdHJGQ2g4TUoyeXhFWmtwa2xONWprWUdmZW1BbzUyRzFESGdWNkR2dkVSU3FxTCtVcVhhY0hoZDZCNndqMWRNakpYUWx6VnFMdlZNb1pmZ3QiLCJtYWMiOiI0NjRhOWRiOTc2YWM4ZjY5ZTgzNDYxOTFlYTFkYTEyMDYxOTkyYzI3ZWM5NDQxYzJiNmM4NmJmNzY5ZmNjODhmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlErV2owMEdVYnhGdjZOZmJiMmVWcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjhib3RFTVNBa0F5SHoyNU5IUFk1RUFocGpaeTlYOUpnWklqZ0tYYzNwb21ySkdSdHJGQ2g4TUo" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJZbC9ibEpVbEIvMDl1cWl2VmdhVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiek5aakJkMUU1OFd6VXNGWE1mYlpuYWllZW5wNFNGN2pQVXJDSFczcXJHOHVscTNERTczVzFCNnhKZmVUY1RJcGNNUHNycUtNSS9HRzJ3Wm4zOTZ2RTZFSXU3RmRQQTBBRnltWUpENFdqUGwzbFpJbzF1dXozWnNFWUV2eUE0WDkiLCJtYWMiOiI5NTAzZTJiY2QxMjJiZmI1MzFiYmNkYjYwMWJlMWU3YTQ3YTU3ZjM3YzA2OWYzODUxOGNmZWFhZGUwMTMzOTdmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:10:13 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJZbC9ibEpVbEIvMDl1cWl2VmdhVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiek5aakJkMUU1OFd6VXNGWE1mYlpuYWllZW5wNFNGN2pQVXJDSFczcXJHOHVscTNERTczVzFCNnhKZmVUY1RJcGNNUHNyc" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlErV2owMEdVYnhGdjZOZmJiMmVWcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjhib3RFTVNBa0F5SHoyNU5IUFk1RUFocGpaeTlYOUpnWklqZ0tYYzNwb21ySkdSdHJGQ2g4TUoyeXhFWmtwa2xONWprWUdmZW1BbzUyRzFESGdWNkR2dkVSU3FxTCtVcVhhY0hoZDZCNndqMWRNakpYUWx6VnFMdlZNb1pmZ3QiLCJtYWMiOiI0NjRhOWRiOTc2YWM4ZjY5ZTgzNDYxOTFlYTFkYTEyMDYxOTkyYzI3ZWM5NDQxYzJiNmM4NmJmNzY5ZmNjODhmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlErV2owMEdVYnhGdjZOZmJiMmVWcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjhib3RFTVNBa0F5SHoyNU5IUFk1RUFocGpaeTlYOUpnWklqZ0tYYzNwb21ySkdSdHJGQ2g4TUo" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "hpdNwBJCLgphJ8HWD8anJe2aOpZYfew7iAtE5vBx" "uc_cart_id" => "7d7e2fab8b75475be6e2922f99de0e88" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/97749" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:10:13GET/article/97749314321