Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Review Article

Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, Toxicity and Clinical Application of Momordica cochinchinensis

Author(s): Hai-Yue Lan, Bin Zhao, Yu-Li Shen, Xiao-Qin Li, Su-Juan Wang*, Li-Jun Zhang* and Hong Zhang*

Volume 25, Issue 6, 2019

Page: [715 - 728] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329123436

Price: $65

Abstract

Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng (M. cochinchinensis) is a deciduous vine that grows in Southeast Asia. It is known as gac in Vietnam and as Red Melon in English. Gac is reputed to be extremely benificial for health and has been widely used as food and folk medicine in Southeast Asia. In China, the seed of M. cochinchinensis (Chinese name: Mu biezi) is used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various diseases. More than 60 chemical constituents have been isolated from M. cochinchinensis. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practice demonstrate that some chemical constituents of M. cochinchinensis possess wide pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, etc. This paper reviews the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicity, and clinical application of M. cochinchinensis, aiming to bring new insights into further research and application of this ancient herb.

Keywords: Momordica cochinchinensis, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicity, clinical application, ancient herb.

[1]
Wimalasiri D, Piva T, Urban S, Huynh T. Morphological and genetic diversity of Momordica cochinchinenesis (Cucurbitaceae) in Vietnam and Thailand. Genet Resour Crop Evol 2016; 63: 1-15.
[2]
Mai HC, Truong V, Debaste F. Carotenoids concentration of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) fruit oil using cross-flow filtration technology. J Food Sci 2014; 79(11): E2222-31.
[3]
Ishida BK, Turner C, Chapman MH, McKeon TA. Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52(2): 274-9.
[4]
Shen Y, Meng L, Sun H, Zhu Y, Liu H. Cochinchina momordica seed suppresses proliferation and metastasis in human lung cancer cells by regulating multiple molecular targets. Am J Chin Med 2015; 43(1): 149-66.
[5]
Wong KL, Wong RN, Zhang L, et al. Bioactive proteins and peptides isolated from Chinese medicines with pharmaceutical potential. Chin Med 2014; 9: 19.
[6]
Zheng L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yang XO, Zhan Y. Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. seed extract suppresses breast cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12(4): 6300-10.
[7]
Petchsak P, Sripanidkulchai B. Momordica cochinchinensis Aril Extract Induced Apoptosis in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16(13): 5507-13.
[8]
Zheng L, Zhang YM, Zhan YZ, Liu CX. Momordica cochinchinensis seed extracts suppress migration and invasion of human breast cancer ZR-75-30 cells via down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(3): 1105-10.
[9]
Liu HR, Meng LY, Lin ZY, Shen Y, Yu YQ, Zhu YZ. Cochinchina momordica seed extract induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer cells via PARP and p53 signal pathways. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64(7): 1070-7.
[10]
Yu JS, Kim JH, Lee S, Jung K, Kim KH, Cho JY. Src/Syk-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Triterpenoidal Saponins from Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) Seeds. Am J Chin Med 2017; 45(3): 459-73.
[11]
Jung K, Chin YW. Yoon Kd, et al Anti-inflammatory properties of a triterpenoidal glycoside from Momordica cochinchinensis in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35(1): 8-14.
[12]
Le A, Huynh T, Parks S, Nguyen M, Roach P. Bioactive Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Anticancer Potential of Freeze-Dried Extracts from Defatted Gac (Spreng) Seeds. Medicines (Basel) 2018; 5.
[13]
Phan-Thi H, Durand P, Prost M, Prost E, Waché Y. Effect of heat-processing on the antioxidant and prooxidant activities of β-carotene from natural and synthetic origins on red blood cells. Food Chem 2016; 190: 1137-44.
[14]
Maoka T, Yamano Y, Wada A, et al. Y Y. Oxidative metabolites of lycopene and γ-carotene in gac (Momordica cochinchinensis). J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63(5): 1622-30.
[15]
Phan-Thi H, Waché Y. Isomerization and increase in the antioxidant properties of lycopene from Momordica cochinchinensis (gac) by moderate heat treatment with UV-Vis spectra as a marker. Food Chem 2014; 156: 58-63.
[16]
Kubola J, Siriamornpun S. Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of different fruit fractions (peel, pulp, aril and seed) of Thai gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng). Food Chem 2011; 127(3): 1138-45.
[17]
Tsoi AY, Ng TB, Fong WP. Antioxidative effect of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from Momordica cochinchinensis (Cucurbitaceae) seeds in a primary rat hepatocyte culture. J Pept Sci 2005; 11(10): 665-8.
[18]
ZY J. Measures to reduce or eliminate the toxicity and side effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine. Heilongjiang 2004; 27: 27.
[19]
Rajput ZI, Xiao CW, Hu SH, Habib M, Soomro NA. Enhancement of immune responses to infectious bursal disease vaccine by supplement of an extract made from Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. seeds. Poult Sci 2010; 89(6): 1129-35.
[20]
Xiao C, Bao G, Hu S. Enhancement of immune responses to Newcastle disease vaccine by a supplement of extract of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. seeds. Poult Sci 2009; 88(11): 2293-7.
[21]
Xiao C, Rajput ZI, Liu D, Hu S. Enhancement of serological immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine by a supplement made of extract of cochinchina momordica seeds. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14(12): 1634-9.
[22]
Tsoi AY, Ng TB, Fong WP. Immunomodulatory activity of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from Momordica cochinchinensis seeds. J Pept Sci 2006; 12(9): 605-11.
[23]
Ng TB, Chan WY, Yeung HW. Proteins with abortifacient, ribosome inactivating, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-AIDS activities from Cucurbitaceae plants. Gen Pharmacol 1992; 23(4): 579-90.
[24]
Bolognesi A, Barbieri L, Carnicelli D, et al. Purification and properties of a new ribosome-inactivating protein with RNA N-glycosidase activity suitable for immunotoxin preparation from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1989; 993(2-3): 287-92.
[25]
Wang CK, Stalmans S, De Spiegeleer B, Craik DJ. Biodistribution of the cyclotide MCoTI-II, a cyclic disulfide-rich peptide drug scaffold. J Pept Sci 2016; 22(5): 305-10.
[26]
Jones PM, George AM. Computational analysis of the MCoTI-II plant defence knottin reveals a novel intermediate conformation that facilitates trypsin binding. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 23174.
[27]
D’Souza C, Henriques ST, Wang CK, et al. Using the MCoTI-II cyclotide scaffold to design a stable cyclic peptide antagonist of SET, a protein overexpressed in human cancer. Biochemistry 2016; 55(2): 396-405.
[28]
Aboye T, Meeks CJ, Majumder S, Shekhtman A, Rodgers K, Camarero JA. Design of a MCoTI-based cyclotide with angiotensin (1-7)-like activity. Molecules 2016; 21(2): 152.
[29]
Jung K, Lee D, Yu JS, Namgung H, Kang KS, Kim KH. Protective effect and mechanism of action of saponins isolated from the seeds of gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) against cisplatin-induced damage in LLC-PK1 kidney cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26(5): 1466-70.
[30]
Kubota K, Sato M, Murakami T, Yamagishi T. [Pharmacological studies on the saponin isolated from the seed of Momordica cochinchinensis Sprenger] Yakugaku Zasshi 1971; 91(2): 174-9.
[31]
Le A, Parks S, Nguyen M, Roach P. Optimisation of the Microwave-Assisted Ethanol Extraction of Saponins from Gac (Spreng.) Seeds. Medicines (Basel) 2018; 5(3): 70.
[32]
Fan R, Cheng RR, Zhu HT, et al. Two New Oleanane-type Triterpenoids from Methanolyzed Saponins of Momordica cochinchinensis. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11(6): 725-8.
[33]
De Shan M, Hu LH, Chen ZL. A new multiflorane triterpenoid ester from Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. Nat Prod Lett 2001; 15(2): 139-45.
[34]
Shang H, Gao Q, Wang Y. HPLCD detemrinaiton of 3-O-6′-O-Methyl-p-D-Glucurono Pranoside of GyPsogeulnin Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng. Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi 2002; 125-7.
[35]
Guo M, Song H, Shang H, Wang D. LIU Z, Liu S. The Rapid Identification of Momordica Saponin I from Semen Momordicae Using Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (SPI-MSn). J Chinese Mass Spectrometry Soc 2002; 23: 135-5.
[36]
Aoki H, Kieu NT, Kuze N, Tomisaka K, Van Chuyen N. Carotenoid pigments in GAC fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis SPRENG). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66(11): 2479-82.
[37]
Vuong LT, King JC. A method of preserving and testing the acceptability of gac fruit oil, a good source of beta-carotene and essential fatty acids. Food Nutr Bull 2003; 24(2): 224-30.
[38]
Glotzbach B, Reinwarth M, Weber N, et al. Combinatorial optimization of cystine-knot peptides towards high-affinity inhibitors of human matriptase-1. PLoS One 2013; 8(10)e76956
[39]
Swedberg JE, Ghani HA, Harris JM, de Veer SJ, Craik DJ. Potent, Selective, and Cell-Penetrating Inhibitors of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 4 Based on the Cyclic Peptide MCoTI-II. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9(12): 1258-62.
[40]
Mukherjee A, Sarkar N, Barik A. Alkanes in flower surface waxes of Momordica cochinchinensis influence attraction to Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Neotrop Entomol 2013; 42(4): 366-71.
[41]
Amin ARMR, Kucuk O, Khuri FR, Shin DM. Perspectives for cancer prevention with natural compounds. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(16): 2712-25.
[42]
Chan LY, He W, Tan N, Zeng G, Craik DJ, Daly NL. A new family of cystine knot peptides from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis. Peptides 2013; 39: 29-35.
[43]
Maaß F, Wüstehube-Lausch J, Dickgießer S, et al. Cystine-knot peptides targeting cancer-relevant human cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). J Pept Sci 2015; 21(8): 651-60.
[44]
Chan LY, Wang CK, Major JM, et al. Isolation and characterization of peptides from Momordica cochinchinensis seeds. J Nat Prod 2009; 72(8): 1453-8.
[45]
Guo DL, Zhang JP, Xue YM, Hou XG. Isolation and characterization of 10 SSR markers of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae). Am J Bot 2012; 99(5): e182-3.
[46]
Kang JM, Kim N, Kim B, et al. Enhancement of gastric ulcer healing and angiogenesis by cochinchina momordica seed extract in rats. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25(6): 875-81.
[47]
Ozawa A, Lick AN, Lindberg I. Processing of proaugurin is required to suppress proliferation of tumor cell lines. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25(5): 776-84.
[48]
Ma M, Zhao LM, Yang XX, et al. p-Hydroxylcinnamaldehyde induces the differentiation of oesophageal carcinoma cells via the cAMP-RhoA-MAPK signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 31315.
[49]
Oyuntsetseg N, Khasnatinov MA, Molor-Erdene P, et al. Evaluation of direct antiviral activity of the Deva-5 herb formulation and extracts of five Asian plants against influenza A virus H3N8. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14: 235.
[50]
Swedberg JE, Mahatmanto T, Abdul Ghani H, et al. Substrate-Guided Design of Selective FXIIa Inhibitors Based on the Plant-Derived Momordica cochinchinensis Trypsin Inhibitor-II (MCoTI-II) Scaffold. J Med Chem 2016; 59(15): 7287-92.
[51]
Chuyen HV, Roach PD, Golding JB, Parks SE, Nguyen MH. Effects of four different drying methods on the carotenoid composition and antioxidant capacity of dried Gac peel. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97(5): 1656-62.
[52]
Bernstein PS, Li B, Vachali PP, et al. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 50: 34-66.
[53]
Gray K, Elghadban S, Thongyoo P, et al. Potent and specific inhibition of the biological activity of the type-II transmembrane serine protease matriptase by the cyclic microprotein MCoTI-II. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112(2): 402-11.
[54]
Mazzio E, Badisa R, Eyunni S, Ablordeppey S, George B, Soliman KFA. Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Neuritogenic Factor from the Seeds of the Gac Plant (Momordica cochinchinensis). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 20188953958
[55]
Chen Y. Zhang Z, Shan Z. Influence of 24 Traditional Chinese Herbs to Viscera Index of Rat in Long Term Toxicity Test.Chinese J Med Trad Chinese Med. 2006; 12: pp. 35-6.
[56]
Sun H, Cui L, Chen H, Wang C, Lin H. The Study of Relation of Toxicity and Pharmacodynamic Action with Cochinchina Momordica Seed Crem With Eifferent Oil Content. Liaoning J Trad Chin Med 2010; 5: 946-8.
[57]
Wang B, Chen D, Huang D, Zhu J, Zhang X. Extraction, separation and acute toxicity test of saponins in Momordica cochichinensis. Anhui Yiyao 2011; 15: 147-9.
[58]
L Z. RF Y,F Y, MY L. Experimental Study on Acute Toxicity of Momordica Cochinchinensis in Mice. China Pharmacist 2017; 20: 2242-3.
[59]
JF S. Study on the toxicity of Momordica Cochinchinensis by processed pre-and post Northern pharmacy 2013; 52-3.
[60]
Chan WK, Chen K. Chinese medicinal herbs of Hong Kong. Ed: Cheung Siu-Cheong and Li Ning-Hon. Vols 1–5 Commercial Press, Hong Kong, 1978–1986 2010; p. 2.
[61]
Tan H, Liu Y, Weixiu F, Liu ML. Investigation on Chemical Thmponentsof Derixtion of Radix Paeeniae and Radix Glycyrrhizae. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 1995.
[62]
Li Z. Treatment of neurodermatitis from Momordica cochinchinensis with vinega 2015.
[63]
Wu X. The study of Dionyx chinensis and its Application in the Clinical practice of Momordica cochinchinensis. J Med Pharm Chin Minorities 2008; 14: 32-3.
[64]
Q Y. JD W Clinical Application of Huangbai Ointment in Orthopedics and Trauma. 1999.
[65]
Wang L, Zeng Y. Clinical observation and experience in the treatment of 5 cases of lung cancer edema with reused Mubiezi Study on Trace elements and Health 2013; 30: 31.
[66]
Shao X, Ye P. Curative effect observation of 51 cases of knee osteoarthritis treated by fumigation of traditional Chinese medicine. J Trad Chin Ortho Trauma 2004; 16: 32-2.
[67]
HB J. HY L, NX J. Treatment of acute and chronic soft tissue injury by external application of Mubiezi ointment. J Ext Ther Trad Chin Med 2005; 14: 56-6.
[68]
Eds. XJ S. Clinical Research on the Rules of Herbal Administration in Navel Therapy of Leukorrhagia In: ed. Shandong University of TCM 2012.
[69]
Liu Y. Momordica cochinchinensis: Treatment of 40 cases of verruca planus with edible vinega. Zhongguo Pifu Xingbingxue Zazhi 2002; 10: 19-9.
[70]
Chuethong J, Oda K, Sakurai H, Saiki I, Leelamanit W. Cochinin B, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30(3): 428-32.
[71]
Chuyen HV, Nguyen MH, Roach PD, Golding JB, Parks SE. Microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction for recovering carotenoids from Gac peel and their effects on antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 6(1): 189-96.
[72]
Chan LY, Craik DJ, Daly NL. Dual-targeting anti-angiogenic cyclic peptides as potential drug leads for cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 35347.
[73]
Mazzio E, Georges B, McTier O, Soliman KF. Neurotrophic Effects of Mu Bie Zi (Momordica cochinchinensis) Seed Elucidated by High-Throughput Screening of Natural Products for NGF Mimetic Effects in PC-12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2015; 40(10): 2102-12.
[74]
Jung K, Chin YW, Chung YH, et al. Anti-gastritis and wound healing effects of Momordicae Semen extract and its active component. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35(1): 126-32.
[75]
Wu ZF, Zhu B, Wang Y, Lu C, Wang GX. In vivo evaluation of anthelmintic potential of medicinal plant extracts against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Parasitol Res 2011; 108(6): 1557-63.
[76]
Matsuda H, Dai Y, Ido Y, et al. Studies on Kochiae Fructus. V. Antipruritic effects of oleanolic acid glycosides and the structure-requirement. Biol Pharm Bull 1998; 21(11): 1231-3.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version361msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[21:58:51] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[21:58:51] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[21:58:51] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (133ms)time
  • Application (228ms)time
  • 1 x Application (63.26%)
    228ms
    1 x Booting (36.74%)
    133ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated151ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59467608','',1,1740347931,1740347931) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740347931
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59467608','/article/97671',1,1740347931,1740347931)
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59467608 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59467608) limit 1
      12.88msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59467608
      • 1: 59467608
      • 2: 59467608
      • 3: 59467608
      • 4: 59467608
      • 5: 59467608
      • 6: 59467608
      • 7: 59467608
      • 8: 59467608
      • 9: 59467608
      • 10: 59467608
      • 11: 59467608
      • 12: 59467608
      • 13: 59467608
      • 14: 59467608
      • 15: 59467608
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=97671
      770μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 29 limit 1
      930μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 29
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and sj.journal_id!=29 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and sj.journal_id!=29 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '97671'
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 97671
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '97671'
      4.67msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 97671
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '97671' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 97671
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 29 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      33.39msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 29 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      35.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 29 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      36.88msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 97671 limit 1
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 97671
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 97671 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 171131 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 171131
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CPD' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CPD
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '97671' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '9106' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2588' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2588) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2588) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2588)
      3.5msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9106) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9106) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9106)
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 97671) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 97671) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59467608 and j.to_ip >=59467608 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347931 and j.to_date >= 1740347931 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 97671)
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '715' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9106 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 715
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '728' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9106 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 728
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 97671 limit 1
      4.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 97671
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 29 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740347931 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740347931 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.67msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 29
      • 3: 1740347931
      • 4: 1740347931
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 29 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740347931 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740347931 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.57msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 29
      • 3: 1740347931
      • 4: 1740347931
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='2e472bc594bcddb143b73e0fddca71b8'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        AqGt7A7v0yzOG1PQ5bgApSooiScVY1rPoYRQwsaX
        uc_cart_id
        2e472bc594bcddb143b73e0fddca71b8
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/97671" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/97671
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImFmdW9SL1JEMkpQRGx2ai9ZUUd4WWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNVFtTk9ROXB6cUNFbVlDeVRmYjZzYmNWWE1JQ3ZxdHpRZzU2ZEpLVEhNQT0iLCJtYWMiOiJlYmNlZTE0YmVkMjc5NmE4NGVkZDU0OWM1ZGRiNjQ2Yzc2NjE3Yjk1YTcxNjQ1ODNkMzllZDUxMTUwMmU0ZTc1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImFmdW9SL1JEMkpQRGx2ai9ZUUd4WWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNVFtTk9ROXB6cUNFbVlDeVRmYjZzYmNWWE1JQ3ZxdHpRZzU2ZEpLVEhNQT0iLCJtYWMiOiJlYmNlZTE0YmVkMjc5" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 23 Feb 2025 21:58:51 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhhbGFKL2ozSzZpRytnZTFoNVpzRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL0VTMWM4azVLUEU2bUp5dVQzYjVWR0hWM1FuNVJXajdES2tLVW5HUzV3amJoWXJvdjRsbXk4NGF1dEF5Szgzanl1Zmc3dmtjVFVsNE96Wlh6MFNkUXd4NXhVRXlXK1RvLzk0bHo1UE1CRGpwMThmOVNWbFNPZldnOTRUaDBlaTAiLCJtYWMiOiJkODNjYTIxNmMxZDRjYTRiYzgzYmY0NzUwMjIzYzYwYzMyMjc2NWNjMWNmNGRhOGRhNmVlNDAwNGYwZjIxZmU1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:58:51 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhhbGFKL2ozSzZpRytnZTFoNVpzRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL0VTMWM4azVLUEU2bUp5dVQzYjVWR0hWM1FuNVJXajdES2tLVW5HUzV3amJoWXJvdjRsbXk4NGF1dEF5Szgzanl1Zmc3d" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imxac0k2NU9RUGJCTkZSSnZTRzR3NEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNlFoTTNMMGd3ZFdPVENOemlZc0FCYzNxNnJranloZ0Qzd3BwWkJtNmNFWTB0aW1qakhQMElFUVQ5ank4UG55Q3hHQml2cjR6S250bUJNRzUzeEFacERQeGdaUFQxVllhZW5nK0JBWWlGZlJQK243TkNCaW5JMC9GSmZZN1gxN0oiLCJtYWMiOiJiMTM0MjEzZGM2ZmZkMTY5ZDVhMDg3NDJjMTk4YmFjMDA1NWVlNTljZGE5ZjYzMjA0MzBjMTQwMDI4YmZiMDFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imxac0k2NU9RUGJCTkZSSnZTRzR3NEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNlFoTTNMMGd3ZFdPVENOemlZc0FCYzNxNnJranloZ0Qzd3BwWkJtNmNFWTB0aW1qakhQMElFUVQ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhhbGFKL2ozSzZpRytnZTFoNVpzRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL0VTMWM4azVLUEU2bUp5dVQzYjVWR0hWM1FuNVJXajdES2tLVW5HUzV3amJoWXJvdjRsbXk4NGF1dEF5Szgzanl1Zmc3dmtjVFVsNE96Wlh6MFNkUXd4NXhVRXlXK1RvLzk0bHo1UE1CRGpwMThmOVNWbFNPZldnOTRUaDBlaTAiLCJtYWMiOiJkODNjYTIxNmMxZDRjYTRiYzgzYmY0NzUwMjIzYzYwYzMyMjc2NWNjMWNmNGRhOGRhNmVlNDAwNGYwZjIxZmU1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 09:58:51 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhhbGFKL2ozSzZpRytnZTFoNVpzRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL0VTMWM4azVLUEU2bUp5dVQzYjVWR0hWM1FuNVJXajdES2tLVW5HUzV3amJoWXJvdjRsbXk4NGF1dEF5Szgzanl1Zmc3d" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imxac0k2NU9RUGJCTkZSSnZTRzR3NEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNlFoTTNMMGd3ZFdPVENOemlZc0FCYzNxNnJranloZ0Qzd3BwWkJtNmNFWTB0aW1qakhQMElFUVQ5ank4UG55Q3hHQml2cjR6S250bUJNRzUzeEFacERQeGdaUFQxVllhZW5nK0JBWWlGZlJQK243TkNCaW5JMC9GSmZZN1gxN0oiLCJtYWMiOiJiMTM0MjEzZGM2ZmZkMTY5ZDVhMDg3NDJjMTk4YmFjMDA1NWVlNTljZGE5ZjYzMjA0MzBjMTQwMDI4YmZiMDFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imxac0k2NU9RUGJCTkZSSnZTRzR3NEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNlFoTTNMMGd3ZFdPVENOemlZc0FCYzNxNnJranloZ0Qzd3BwWkJtNmNFWTB0aW1qakhQMElFUVQ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "AqGt7A7v0yzOG1PQ5bgApSooiScVY1rPoYRQwsaX" "uc_cart_id" => "2e472bc594bcddb143b73e0fddca71b8" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/97671" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-23 21:58:51GET/article/97671314361