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Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5206
ISSN (Online): 1875-5992

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Research Article

Foeniculum Vulgare and Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oil Mixture Triggers the Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells

Author(s): Islam El-Garawani, Sobhy Hassab El Nabi , Ebtesam Nafie and Samar Almeldin *

Volume 19, Issue 9, 2019

Page: [1103 - 1113] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190326115116

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) oils are known for their various biological effects including anticancer properties.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer mechanism of fennel and geranium oils combined treatment on MCF-7 cells.

Methods: The GC-MS method for essential oil characterization as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity, morphological changes, real-time PCR and immunocytochemical investigation for apoptosis-related markers, in addition, to flow cytometric cell cycle distribution analysis were done.

Results: The major constituents of both essential oils were anethole (55.33 %) and estragole (11.57 %) for fennel essential oil. However, cintronellol (34.40 %) and geraniol (8.67 %) were identified in geranium oil. The results revealed an IC50 of 220±5.7 and 60±2.1µg/ml for fennel and geranium oils, respectively. The mechanistic anticancer properties were investigated throughout the 70, 50, and 25µg/ml of oils mixture. The marked apoptotic morphology and the flow cytometric cell cycle distribution analysis in addition to the levels of apoptosisrelated makers such as p53, caspase-3, mir-21, mir-92a, Bcl-2, and ki-67 confirmed that fennel and geranium oils combination induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the oils mixture did not exert any significant (P<0.01) toxicity on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.

Conclusion: The findings showed that the mixture of oils exerted selective cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis which may be triggered by the synergistic effect between the active ingredients of fennel and geranium oils.

Keywords: Fennel, geranium, anticancer, MCF-7, apoptosis, GC-MS.

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