Insights into the Design of Inhibitors of the Urease Enzyme - A Major Target for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections

Ana    Thereza    Fiori-Duarte; Ricardo    Pereira    Rodrigues; Rodrigo    Rezende    Kitagawa; Daniel    Fábio    Kawano
doi:10.2174/0929867326666190301143549
Abstract

Expressed by a variety of plants, fungi and bacteria, the urease enzyme is directly associated with the virulence factor of many bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium related to several gastrointestinal diseases and responsible for one of the most frequent bacterial infections throughout the world. The Helicobacter pylori Urease (HPU) is a nickel-dependent metalloenzyme expressed in response to the environmental stress caused by the acidic pH of the stomach. The enzyme promotes the increase of gastric pH through acid neutralization by the products of urea hydrolysis, then critically contributing to the colonization and pathogenesis of the microorganism. At the same time, standard treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections have limitations such as the increasing bacterial resistance to the antibiotics used in the clinical practice. As a strategy for the development of novel treatments, urease inhibitors have proved to be promising, with a wide range of chemical compounds, including natural, synthetic and semisynthetic products to be researched and potentially developed as new drugs. In this context, this review highlights the advances in the field of HPU inhibition, presenting and discussing the basis for the research of new molecules aiming at the identification of more efficient therapeutic entities.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, urease, drug discovery, peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma.
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190301143549	Print ISSN 0929-8673
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-533X
Current Medicinal Chemistry

Insights into the Design of Inhibitors of the Urease Enzyme - A Major Target for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections

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