摘要
必须发现与癌症,神经系统疾病和心血管疾病有关的新生物标记物,因为这些常见的复发性疾病被认为是人类死亡的主要原因。这些疾病的分子特征可以在其发病机理一开始就被鉴定出来,从而可以迅速而有针对性地进行治疗,从而可以提高患者的生存率。癌症是一种异质性疾病,在个体中表达可能不同。此外,根据恶性肿瘤的类型,治疗方法可能有所不同。因此,这些肿瘤细胞可以根据癌变开始的部位合成并释放特定分子。此外,人们的预期寿命不断增加,特别是在发达国家,然而,老年人群中神经退行性疾病的病例有所增加。通常,某些神经衰弱会通过衰老过程在生理上发生,并与阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)混淆。另外,心血管疾病是世界上主要的死亡原因。能够通过分子探针识别动脉粥样硬化过程开始发展的研究可以导致早期治疗,以避免急性心肌梗塞。这些生物标记物的检测准确度可以通过生物传感器获得,其设计已得到越来越多的研究,以开发出廉价的传感平台,即使在低浓度下也能精确检测待测分子。这篇综述的目的是解决用于诊断而不是侵入性检查的生物标志物;还研究了用于这些生物学标记物的特异性和灵敏检测的生物传感器。
关键词: 生物标志物,诊断,癌症,神经系统疾病,心血管疾病,生物传感器。
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