摘要
真核细胞的质膜是细胞外环境的边界,因此提供了必要的保护。因此,过度的机械或生化压力导致细胞膜破裂,对细胞构成致命威胁,细胞需要应对这些威胁才能生存。真核细胞通过激活细胞膜修复系统来应对这些威胁,这一系统与其他细胞功能相同,包括通过内化(内吞作用)、脱落、重组细胞骨架和膜融合来清除受损的细胞膜,从而重新封膜。膜联蛋白家族的成员,其特征是Ca2+依赖结合阴离子磷脂,对调节质膜修复很重要。近年来基于细胞和生物物理膜模型的研究表明,它们通过调节膜弯曲和损伤膜的切除,在修复反应中具有比以前认为的更明显的功能。在细胞中,质膜损伤和Ca2+离子进入细胞质触发膜联蛋白的招募,包括膜联蛋白A4和A6到膜创面边缘。在这里,它们会产生弯曲力和收缩力,帮助将伤口边缘拉到一起,最终融合。癌细胞依赖于有效的质膜修复来对抗频繁的压力诱导的膜损伤,这为通过膜修复系统靶向癌细胞开辟了新的途径。在此,我们讨论了膜联蛋白和膜弯曲对单细胞创面愈合的影响。
关键词: 膜联蛋白,质膜修复,膜曲率,膜损伤,癌症,膜联蛋白A4,膜联蛋白A6。
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