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Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5265
ISSN (Online): 2212-3989

Research Article

Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Among Women Attending Laboratory Centers in Ilam, Iran

Author(s): Sasan Nikpay, Masoumeh Otaghi, Milad Azami, Marzieh Karimi and Jahangir Abdi*

Volume 20, Issue 1, 2020

Page: [98 - 101] Pages: 4

DOI: 10.2174/1871526519666190117120705

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Trichomoniasis is known as a common venereal disease. It is estimated that 180 million people in the world are infected with this disease. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of (Trichomonas vaginalis) T. vaginalis among women who were referred to the central laboratory in Ilam.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 481 women with suspicious symptoms of trichomoniasis were selected during the first six months of 2015 in the central laboratory and Shahid Mostafa laboratory in Ilam, Iran. All patients were referred to the labs by gynecologists. Sterile swabs were used to collect direct smears. The results and questionnaire data were entered into SPSS version 16 and were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.

Results: Direct smear of T. vaginalis demonstrated seven positive cases (1.5%). The highest and the lowest percentages of T. vaginalis infection in women were related to the 45-50 and 20-30 years age groups, respectively. Illiterate women had the highest percentage of infection. No significant relationship was found between the level of education and trichomoniasis infection in women (p = 0.085). The highest infection rate was associated with the use of ectopic contraceptive methods (condoms).

Conclusion: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was low among women in Ilam but was high among women who have used tubal ligation and condom to prevent pregnancy. Therefore, more attention is required from healthcare centers for appropriate education to women about the proper use of protective equipment.

Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, prevalence, infections, urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammation.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Hezarjaribi, H.Z.; Fakhar, F.; Shokri, A. Hosseini Teshnizi S. Sadough A. T. vaginalis infection among Iranian general population of women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Parasitol. Res., 2015, 114(4), 1291-1300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4393-3] [PMID: 25732256]
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Chalechale, A.; Karimi, I. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection among patients that presented to hospitals in the Kermanshah district of Iran in 2006 and 2007. Turk. J. Med. Sci., 2010, 40(6), 971-975.
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Crosby, R.; DiClemente, R.J.; Wingood, G.M.; Harrington, K.; Davies, S.L.; Hook, E.W., III; Oh, M.K. Predictors of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis: a prospective study of low income African-American adolescent females. Sex. Transm. Infect., 2002, 78(5), 360-364.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.78.5.360] [PMID: 12407241]
[7]
Cowan, F.M.; Hargrove, J.W.; Langhaug, L.F.; Jaffar, S.; Mhuriyengwe, L.; Swarthout, T.D.; Peeling, R.; Latif, A.; Bassett, M.T.; Brown, D.W.; Mabey, D.; Hayes, R.J.; Wilson, D. The appropriateness of core group interventions using presumptive periodic treatment among rural Zimbabwean women who exchange sex for gifts or money. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 2005, 38(2), 202-207.
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Taghavi, M.; Fakhar, M. ziaei H. Daryani A. Sarvi SH. Trichomoniasis: a parasitic disease clinics women forgotten in the teaching hospitals of the city of Sari. J. Mazandaran Univ. Med. Sci, 2014, 24(117), 84-91.
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Gavgani, A.; Namaz, A.; Ghazanchaei, A.; Alizadeh, S.; Sehhati, F.; Rostamzadeh, S. Prevalence and risk factors of trichomoniasis among women in Tabriz. Iran J. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2008, 3, 67-71.

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      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 54 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      51.84msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 54 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      24.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 54 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      12.3msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 95855 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 95855
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 95855 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 16 and cd.sub_disease_id = 439 and content_id!=95855 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      76.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 169077 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 169077
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'IDDT' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: IDDT
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '95855' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '9662' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2706' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2706) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2706) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2706)
      34.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9662) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9662) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9662)
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 95855) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 95855) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316611891 and j.to_ip >=316611891 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988479 and j.to_date >= 1739988479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 95855)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '98' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9662 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      800μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 98
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '101' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9662 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      530μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 101
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 95855 limit 1
      2.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 95855
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 54 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988479 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988479 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 54
      • 3: 1739988479
      • 4: 1739988479
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 54 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988479 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988479 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 54
      • 3: 1739988479
      • 4: 1739988479
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='0c28e5c3130b8c2be55e7918a28d3efd'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        FVEOiUZRCfBoKp18dkQuASU3UBt2zYHUgtcHlxim
        uc_cart_id
        0c28e5c3130b8c2be55e7918a28d3efd
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/95855" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/95855
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 18:07:59 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImlveUpqUDMrejcxaU1pU0o5OElKWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUXk4QVdBcmM4ZTNKNjJhWVRuN0pHd0tmOUxlck9XZ1FsbHEyVWJ1Kytyc29FbVJ4b3ZXQnJOUWhzNUFpT2xnWk85MzE0SGZKd0xNT3hCczkrWXgxeGE5TTZNT0xJcjBUSlc5WWlFQWhmUjJxYzRxb21LUVdvVmw0THppWUUxaEQiLCJtYWMiOiI1ZjRmNWRlMTNlMzYzZTU5ZTRlNDc3ZTFiNjU5MzIyOTYxOTc2MWE3OGYwZjFhNTgyM2ViODk0OWYwMzFjYjFmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 06:07:59 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImlveUpqUDMrejcxaU1pU0o5OElKWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUXk4QVdBcmM4ZTNKNjJhWVRuN0pHd0tmOUxlck9XZ1FsbHEyVWJ1Kytyc29FbVJ4b3ZXQnJOUWhzNUFpT2xnWk85MzE0S" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjRES2F0cWtvNGlwT3NZWldiTjJHakE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMG1WOE9QUGlMUHpnczlod3JIeTF1MldrWVdMalVkUytjRkZuTlZUS2lJbUR4Q291NmcrSG5vZWVFN2xvd1BmN0E5OEMyd2d2TGJIL2lRamZBQ2hKQTRCaHhtNXI0MWx0YnhzZ0lEeTF0ODRKRjV3TGhZTFhPdmhRdHhNeE93SnEiLCJtYWMiOiJlMGExNzE1YmRiN2FjYTMyZjE5OTI1YjE3MmM5NzM1YzFhOTk1Y2E0NWFkNzAyMTZjNDliMzM3NDc0ZjJmMzk2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjRES2F0cWtvNGlwT3NZWldiTjJHakE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMG1WOE9QUGlMUHpnczlod3JIeTF1MldrWVdMalVkUytjRkZuTlZUS2lJbUR4Q291NmcrSG5vZWV" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImlveUpqUDMrejcxaU1pU0o5OElKWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUXk4QVdBcmM4ZTNKNjJhWVRuN0pHd0tmOUxlck9XZ1FsbHEyVWJ1Kytyc29FbVJ4b3ZXQnJOUWhzNUFpT2xnWk85MzE0SGZKd0xNT3hCczkrWXgxeGE5TTZNT0xJcjBUSlc5WWlFQWhmUjJxYzRxb21LUVdvVmw0THppWUUxaEQiLCJtYWMiOiI1ZjRmNWRlMTNlMzYzZTU5ZTRlNDc3ZTFiNjU5MzIyOTYxOTc2MWE3OGYwZjFhNTgyM2ViODk0OWYwMzFjYjFmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 06:07:59 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImlveUpqUDMrejcxaU1pU0o5OElKWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUXk4QVdBcmM4ZTNKNjJhWVRuN0pHd0tmOUxlck9XZ1FsbHEyVWJ1Kytyc29FbVJ4b3ZXQnJOUWhzNUFpT2xnWk85MzE0S" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjRES2F0cWtvNGlwT3NZWldiTjJHakE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMG1WOE9QUGlMUHpnczlod3JIeTF1MldrWVdMalVkUytjRkZuTlZUS2lJbUR4Q291NmcrSG5vZWVFN2xvd1BmN0E5OEMyd2d2TGJIL2lRamZBQ2hKQTRCaHhtNXI0MWx0YnhzZ0lEeTF0ODRKRjV3TGhZTFhPdmhRdHhNeE93SnEiLCJtYWMiOiJlMGExNzE1YmRiN2FjYTMyZjE5OTI1YjE3MmM5NzM1YzFhOTk1Y2E0NWFkNzAyMTZjNDliMzM3NDc0ZjJmMzk2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjRES2F0cWtvNGlwT3NZWldiTjJHakE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMG1WOE9QUGlMUHpnczlod3JIeTF1MldrWVdMalVkUytjRkZuTlZUS2lJbUR4Q291NmcrSG5vZWV" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "FVEOiUZRCfBoKp18dkQuASU3UBt2zYHUgtcHlxim" "uc_cart_id" => "0c28e5c3130b8c2be55e7918a28d3efd" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/95855" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:07:59GET/article/95855314371