Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in adults over the age of 65. The characteristic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, such as resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and gait imbalance, are thought to be a result of the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta, resulting in insufficient dopamine integrated signalling on GABAergic medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Despite tremendous research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease have remained largely unknown. Although a variety of possible pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed over the years, including excessive release of oxygen free radicals, impairment of mitochondrial function, loss of trophic support, abnormal kinase activity, disruption of calcium homeostasis, dysfunction of protein degradation and neuroinflammation, the pathogenesis is still largely uncertain, and there is currently no effective cure for Parkinson’s disease. To develop potential therapies for Parkinson’s disease, inflammatory processes, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, production of reactive aldehydes, excitotoxicity and synucleinopathies are to be targeted. In this respect, vasoactive intestinal peptide has beneficial effects that provide an advantage for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a major neuropeptide-neurotransmitter having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotropic, neuromodulator, and anti-apoptotic properties. In addition to its direct neuroprotective actions regulating the activity of astrocytes, microglia and brain mast cells, it also plays important roles for neuronal adaptation, maintenance and survival.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 6-hydroxydopamine, oxidative stress, inflammation, Alpha-synuclein.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Advantages of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide for the Future Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Volume: 24 Issue: 39
Author(s): Orhan Tansel Korkmaz and Neşe Tunçel*
Affiliation:
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Eskisehir 26480,Turkey
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 6-hydroxydopamine, oxidative stress, inflammation, Alpha-synuclein.
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in adults over the age of 65. The characteristic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, such as resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and gait imbalance, are thought to be a result of the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta, resulting in insufficient dopamine integrated signalling on GABAergic medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Despite tremendous research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease have remained largely unknown. Although a variety of possible pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed over the years, including excessive release of oxygen free radicals, impairment of mitochondrial function, loss of trophic support, abnormal kinase activity, disruption of calcium homeostasis, dysfunction of protein degradation and neuroinflammation, the pathogenesis is still largely uncertain, and there is currently no effective cure for Parkinson’s disease. To develop potential therapies for Parkinson’s disease, inflammatory processes, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, production of reactive aldehydes, excitotoxicity and synucleinopathies are to be targeted. In this respect, vasoactive intestinal peptide has beneficial effects that provide an advantage for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a major neuropeptide-neurotransmitter having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotropic, neuromodulator, and anti-apoptotic properties. In addition to its direct neuroprotective actions regulating the activity of astrocytes, microglia and brain mast cells, it also plays important roles for neuronal adaptation, maintenance and survival.
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Cite this article as:
Korkmaz Tansel Orhan and Tunçel Neşe *, Advantages of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide for the Future Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018; 24 (39) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190111150953
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190111150953 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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