Generic placeholder image

Recent Patents on Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1872-2083
ISSN (Online): 2212-4012

Research Article

The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on Morphine Tolerance-induced Expression of c-fos Proto-oncogene from a Biotechnological Perspective

Author(s): Soraya Mehrabi, Farinaz Nasirinezhad*, Mahmood Barati, Nahid Abutaleb, Shirin Barati, Bahram Teymoory Dereshky, Naser Amini, Peiman Brouki Milan, Ahmad Jahanmahin, Arash Sarveazad, Ali Samadikuchaksaraei and Masoud Mozafari

Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019

Page: [137 - 148] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1872208312666181120105333

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The increase of oxidant compounds is the most well-known reasons for the tolerance to the analgesic properties of Morphine. Additionally, the production of proxy-nitrite impairs receptors, proteins and enzymes involved in the signaling pathways of analgesia, apoptosis and necrosis. Also, we revised all patents relating to opioid tolerance control methods.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Alpha-tocopherol as an anti-oxidant agent to reduce Morphine tolerance.

Method: Forty male rats randomly divided into four groups. 10 mg/kg of morphine was injected subcutaneously to create the desired level of tolerance. After modeling, 70 mg/kg Alpha- Tocopherol was injected intraperitoneal. Also, the hot plate recorded pain threshold alterations was used to evaluate the behavioral test. All tissue samples were extracted from the spinal cord, thalamus and frontal cortex for molecular and gene expression evaluations. Also, the effect of Alpha- Tocopherol on the apoptosis and necrosis parameters was analyzed using nissl staining and tunel test.

Results: The time latency results showed that there were no significant differences in the different days in groups treated with Morphine plus Alpha-Tocopherol. However, our data highlighted that the pain threshold and their time latency in respond to it had substantially increased in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, we found that the Alpha-Tocopherol obviously decreased c-fos gene expression, especially in the spinal cord.

Conclusion: Thus, co-administration of Alpha-Tocopherol with Morphine can decrease the adverse effects of nitrite proxy, which is released due to repeated injections of Morphine.

Keywords: Alpha-tocopherol, morphine tolerance, C-fos, peroxynitrite, proto-oncogene, morphine.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Salvemini D, Neumann WL. Peroxynitrite: a strategic linchpin of opioid analgesic tolerance. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009; 30(4): 194-202.
[2]
Ghavimi H, Darvishi S, Ghanbarzadeh S. Attenuation of morphine-induced tolerance and dependence by pretreatment with cerebrolysin in male rats. Drug Res 2018; 68(01): 33-7.
[3]
Deng X-T, Han Y, Liu W-T, Song X-J. B vitamins potentiate acute morphine antinociception and attenuate the development of tolerance to chronic morphine in mice. Pain Med 2017; 18(10): 1961-74.
[4]
Zanelli S, Ashraf Q, Mishra O. Nitration is a mechanism of regulation of the NMDA receptor function during hypoxia. Neuroscience 2002; 112(4): 869-77.
[5]
Waters KA, Machaalani R. NMDA receptors in the developing brain and effects of noxious insults. Neurosignals 2004; 13(4): 162-74.
[6]
Mennerick S, Shen W, Xu W, et al. Substrate turnover by transporters curtails synaptic glutamate transients. J Neurosci 1999; 19(21): 9242-51.
[7]
Chadwick DJ, Goode JA. Pathological pain: From molecular to clinical aspects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons 2005.
[8]
Mao J, Sung B, Ji R-R, Lim G. Chronic morphine induces downregulation of spinal glutamate transporters: implications in morphine tolerance and abnormal pain sensitivity. J Neurosci 2002; 22(18): 8312-23.
[9]
Bharath S, Hsu M, Kaur D, Rajagopalan S, Andersen JK. Glutathione, iron and Parkinson’s disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 64(5-6): 1037-48.
[10]
Harris JA. Using c-fos as a neural marker of pain. Brain Res Bull 1998; 45(1): 1-8.
[11]
Arout CA, Caldwell M, McCloskey DP, Kest B. C-Fos activation in the periaqueductal gray following acute morphine-3β-D-glucuronide or morphine administration. Physiol Behav 2014; 130: 28-33.
[12]
Coggeshall RE. Fos, nociception and the dorsal horn. Prog Neurobiol 2005; 77(5): 299-352.
[13]
Asma HA, Zalina I. C-Fos and its consequences in pain. Malays J Med Sci 2002; 9: 3-8.
[14]
Ramezani S, Vousooghi N, Kapourchali FR, et al. Rolipram potentiates bevacizumab-induced cell death in human glioblastoma stem-like cells. Life Sci 2017; 173: 11-9.
[15]
Milan PB, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Joghataie M, et al. Accelerated wound healing in a diabetic rat model using decellularized dermal matrix and human umbilical cord perivascular cells. Acta Biomater 2016; 45: 234-46.
[16]
Loo DT. In Situ detection of apoptosis by the TUNEL assay: an overview of techniques.In: Didenko V,EdsDNA Damage detection in situ, ex vivo, and in vivo Methods in Molecular Biology. Totowa, NJ: Springer 2011; pp. 3-13.
[17]
Amini N, Vousooghi N, Soleimani M, et al. A new rat model of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus). J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 84: 44-50.
[18]
Amini N, Vousooghi N, Hadjighassem M, et al. Efficacy of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells on neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy in rats. Neurotox Res 2016; 29(4): 514-24.
[19]
Asle-Rousta M, Kolahdooz Z, Oryan S, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. FTY720 (fingolimod) attenuates beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ42)-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50(3): 524-32.
[20]
Ramezani S, Hadjighassem M, Vousooghi N, et al. The role of protein kinase b signaling pathway in anti-cancer effect of rolipram on glioblastoma multiforme: An in vitro study. Basic Clin Neurosci 2017; 8(4): 325.
[21]
Mohammadi A, Maleki-Jamshid A, Milan P, Ebrahimzadeh K, Faghihi F, Joghataei M. Intrahippocampal transplantation of undifferentiated human chorionic-derived mesenchymal stem cells does not improve learning and memory in the rat model of sporadic alzheimer disease Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2018: 2018: [Epub ahead of print].
[22]
Singh RP, Sharad S, Kapur S. Free radicals and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: relevance of dietary antioxidants. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2004; 5(3): 218-25.
[23]
Fattman CL, Schaefer LM, Oury TD. Extracellular superoxide dismutase in biology and medicine. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35(3): 236-56.
[24]
Sagen J. Preventing opiate tolerance by cellular implantation.US5762925A 1994.
[25]
Cobley JN, McHardy H, Morton JP, Nikolaidis MG, Close GL. Influence of vitamin C and vitamin E on redox signaling: Implications for exercise adaptations. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84: 65-76.
[26]
Engin KN. Alpha-tocopherol: looking beyond an antioxidant. Mol Vis 2009; 15: 855.
[27]
Malfroy B, Baudry C. Synthetic catalytic free radical scavengers useful as antioxidants for prevention and therapy of disease. US5403834A, 1992.
[28]
Le Guen S, Catheline G, Besson J-M. Development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of systemic morphine at the lumbar spinal cord level: a c-Fos study in the rat. Brain Res 1998; 813(1): 128-38.
[29]
Kim HK, Kim JH, Gao X, Zhou J-L, Lee I, Chung K, et al. Analgesic effect of vitamin E is mediated by reducing central sensitization in neuropathic pain. Pain 2006; 122(1-2): 53-62.
[30]
Vatassery GT, Smith WE, Quach HT. α-Tocopherol in rat brain subcellular fractions is oxidized rapidly during incubations with low concentrations of peroxynitrite. J Nutr 1998; 128(2): 152-7.
[31]
Mansouri MT, Naghizadeh B, Ghorbanzadeh B. Ellagic acid enhances morphine analgesia and attenuates the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741: 272-80.
[32]
Oshlack B, Colucci R, Wright C, Breder C. Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and bittering agent. US20030124185A1, 2001.
[33]
Habib T, Begum S, Ali T, Imtiaz M, Masood S. antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of combined administration of a-tocopherol and morphine in acetic acid induced writhing test. Anwer Khan Mod Med Coll J 2017; 7(2): 20-4.
[34]
Miranda HF, Noriega V, Zanetta P, et al. Isobolographic analysis of the opioid-opioid interactions in a tonic and a phasic mouse model of induced nociceptive pain. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21(1): 62.
[35]
Bravo D, Maturana C, Pelissier T, Hernandez A, Constandil L. Interactions of pannexin 1 with NMDA and P2X7 receptors in central nervous system pathologies: possible role on chronic pain. Pharmacol Res 2015; 101: 86-93.
[36]
Hassanzadeh K, Habibi-asl B, Farajnia S, Roshangar L. Minocycline prevents morphine-induced apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex and lumbar spinal cord: a possible mechanism for attenuating morphine tolerance. Neurotox Res 2011; 19(4): 649-59.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version346msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[04:58:02] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[04:58:02] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[04:58:02] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (131ms)time
  • Application (215ms)time
  • 1 x Application (62.24%)
    215ms
    1 x Booting (37.76%)
    131ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated114ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51592399','',1,1740459482,1740459482) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740459482
      1.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51592399','/article/94664',1,1740459482,1740459482)
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) limit 1
      12.01msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51592399
      • 1: 51592399
      • 2: 51592399
      • 3: 51592399
      • 4: 51592399
      • 5: 51592399
      • 6: 51592399
      • 7: 51592399
      • 8: 51592399
      • 9: 51592399
      • 10: 51592399
      • 11: 51592399
      • 12: 51592399
      • 13: 51592399
      • 14: 51592399
      • 15: 51592399
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=94664
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 73 limit 1
      1.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 73
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=73) and sj.journal_id!=73 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      870μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=73) and sj.journal_id!=73 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      770μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=73) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      2.68msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=73) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      2.94msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '94664'
      2.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 94664
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '94664'
      3.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 94664
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '94664' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.75msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 94664
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 73 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      49.94msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 73 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      6.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 73 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      2.96msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 94664 limit 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 94664
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 94664 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 167575 limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 167575
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'BIOT' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: BIOT
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '94664' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '9017' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      450μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2618' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2618) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2618) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2618)
      9.73msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9017) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9017) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9017)
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 94664) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 94664) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740459482 and j.to_date >= 1740459482 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 94664)
      840μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '137' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9017 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 137
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '148' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9017 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 148
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 94664 limit 1
      3.25msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 94664
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 73 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740459482 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740459482 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 73
      • 3: 1740459482
      • 4: 1740459482
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 73 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740459482 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740459482 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 73
      • 3: 1740459482
      • 4: 1740459482
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ad8d90034ef5e672c10b3107cde89dee'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        GQkMu1xMD41Og5dAwaBCG3iz0ZgAh3aXs0DU6zcm
        uc_cart_id
        ad8d90034ef5e672c10b3107cde89dee
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/94664" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/94664
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InFncXZsa3M1Tkp4a2dmdFZVTFUvanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVHBMRS9LYit2dWlNS3dCTTNIQzBxYktlK1Q1Wkd2alFDRGYrS3Y4RkNFRT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNjUwNDllYTdkZjViOTVhZTExZDc5OWZiMGU0NzY0Zjg0Yzk3Yjc1NWM1MDdlMTYxOGM0MTY0NDM1MjJkZjA0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InFncXZsa3M1Tkp4a2dmdFZVTFUvanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVHBMRS9LYit2dWlNS3dCTTNIQzBxYktlK1Q1Wkd2alFDRGYrS3Y4RkNFRT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNjUwNDllYTdkZjVi" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:58:02 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InAwUSsvNE5ha05IZlBMbkZjN1BVdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1puQXpjN1FYM0oxUTVQdjVSNzk1TExWb0laWWdWak1rdHNvUnA1dDh4ODB2OHZIRGdDVk9oVEU0aEdhWFZKU05tSHNZLzBpRW1tb0hza0I1SVROQlVpOWJIZVlmNzFOUEl4eFpWZnZ5MU15STc0emFCa1JDdk1HcDVvUWx6T2siLCJtYWMiOiIyMWY3YzEyY2Y0ODYxZDQ1ZmY2NmJkMzBiMDc0YTJmNjg5NTI5YTIwZmI2YmNlYjJhNWUxYzgzODhiMTQ3M2Y3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:58:02 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InAwUSsvNE5ha05IZlBMbkZjN1BVdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1puQXpjN1FYM0oxUTVQdjVSNzk1TExWb0laWWdWak1rdHNvUnA1dDh4ODB2OHZIRGdDVk9oVEU0aEdhWFZKU05tSHNZL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpGWWwvVWxxMW9Ud29CQmdUSjB4QWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicFVnbkdwcEJ3ejNlKzdKMVNhZUllZ3pUU3FjZkN0cGVGYXZPYTRIMnNBUUxkTnZ4ZldPMTFiVHZDazd6OVgvb2tXNDF3VUhYZ3FNb2VrMlFkWWhoK1Z3QUZEelN0Y255bnd0RjY1YUt2YlNQczhFb01wcXdObjBvUVFXVFhXRW8iLCJtYWMiOiIxZDIyZmQzMjg4ODBiNTM5OWU4OGE5ZTgzZjYzYTcyNDc1NDU3NzljZTRmNjc0NGViM2I0ODM0OGFmYjViNmYyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpGWWwvVWxxMW9Ud29CQmdUSjB4QWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicFVnbkdwcEJ3ejNlKzdKMVNhZUllZ3pUU3FjZkN0cGVGYXZPYTRIMnNBUUxkTnZ4ZldPMTFiVHZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InAwUSsvNE5ha05IZlBMbkZjN1BVdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1puQXpjN1FYM0oxUTVQdjVSNzk1TExWb0laWWdWak1rdHNvUnA1dDh4ODB2OHZIRGdDVk9oVEU0aEdhWFZKU05tSHNZLzBpRW1tb0hza0I1SVROQlVpOWJIZVlmNzFOUEl4eFpWZnZ5MU15STc0emFCa1JDdk1HcDVvUWx6T2siLCJtYWMiOiIyMWY3YzEyY2Y0ODYxZDQ1ZmY2NmJkMzBiMDc0YTJmNjg5NTI5YTIwZmI2YmNlYjJhNWUxYzgzODhiMTQ3M2Y3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:58:02 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InAwUSsvNE5ha05IZlBMbkZjN1BVdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1puQXpjN1FYM0oxUTVQdjVSNzk1TExWb0laWWdWak1rdHNvUnA1dDh4ODB2OHZIRGdDVk9oVEU0aEdhWFZKU05tSHNZL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpGWWwvVWxxMW9Ud29CQmdUSjB4QWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicFVnbkdwcEJ3ejNlKzdKMVNhZUllZ3pUU3FjZkN0cGVGYXZPYTRIMnNBUUxkTnZ4ZldPMTFiVHZDazd6OVgvb2tXNDF3VUhYZ3FNb2VrMlFkWWhoK1Z3QUZEelN0Y255bnd0RjY1YUt2YlNQczhFb01wcXdObjBvUVFXVFhXRW8iLCJtYWMiOiIxZDIyZmQzMjg4ODBiNTM5OWU4OGE5ZTgzZjYzYTcyNDc1NDU3NzljZTRmNjc0NGViM2I0ODM0OGFmYjViNmYyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpGWWwvVWxxMW9Ud29CQmdUSjB4QWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicFVnbkdwcEJ3ejNlKzdKMVNhZUllZ3pUU3FjZkN0cGVGYXZPYTRIMnNBUUxkTnZ4ZldPMTFiVHZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "GQkMu1xMD41Og5dAwaBCG3iz0ZgAh3aXs0DU6zcm" "uc_cart_id" => "ad8d90034ef5e672c10b3107cde89dee" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/94664" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:58:02GET/article/94664314361