摘要
南美锥虫病课程具有不同的临床阶段,并具有可变的临床表现和进展。急性感染期大多表现出非特异性症状。在没有治疗的情况下,急性期之后是慢性期,其最初是无症状的。该疾病的这种慢性无症状期的特征在于宿主的免疫反应和寄生虫复制之间的脆弱平衡。这种平衡的丧失对于疾病的发展至关重要。克氏锥虫感染菌株的毒力和嗜性对心脏组织中的炎症过程的影响是心肌病建立和严重程度的主要因素。慢性恰加斯病患者的治疗功效尚存争议。但是,在慢性患者中进行的几项研究表明,抗寄生虫治疗可减少血液中的寄生虫负荷,并导致针对克氏锥虫的寄生虫的免疫反应得到改善。目前的审查主要集中在与慢性病患者的临床状况和疾病进展有关的细胞模式,以及与克鲁氏锥虫感染控制有关的治疗效果。因此,重点放在特异性抗原T细胞亚群的动力学,它们的记忆和激活表型,它们的功能性及其对发病机理或疾病控制的贡献,以及它们与该寄生虫的先天性传播风险之间的联系。
关键词: 南美锥虫病,克氏锥虫,锥虫杀伤治疗,生物标志物,免疫反应,CD8和CD4 T细胞,CTL表位,垂直传播。
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