Homeobox Genes and Human Genetic Disorders

Yangu      Zhao; Heiner      Westphal

doi:10.2174/1566524023363077

Abstract

Homeobox genes encode transcriptional regulators of embryonic development. Many genetic disorders affecting multiple organ systems have been associated with a diverse array of mutations in one or another of at least 27 different members of this gene family. We briefly describe the affected genes and the major phenotypes presented by the patients that carry the mutations. Although cause-and-effect relationships are difficult to prove in human genetics, there is little doubt that the observed mutations play a crucial role in the etiology of the associated disorders. The impressive wealth of collected data greatly benefits genetic counseling and stimulates efforts to develop novel avenues of targeted therapy

Keywords: Homeobox Genes, Human Genetic Disorders, Bicoid, Dlx3 gene, Emx2 gene, Hox genes, Lim-homeobox gene, Msx genes, Nkx2-5 gene, Paired homeobox genes