MicroRNAs in the Intestine: Role in Renewal, Homeostasis, and Inflammation

Title:MicroRNAs in the Intestine: Role in Renewal, Homeostasis, and Inflammation

Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Author(s): L. Zou, X. Xiong*, K. Wang and Y. Yin*

Affiliation:

• Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,China

• Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081,China

Keywords: MicroRNA, intestinal epithelial cells, mucosal renewal, homeostasis, inflammation, microbiota.

Abstract: The mammalian intestine is not only an organ for food digestion and nutrient absorption but also an integral part of the immune and endocrine systems. The intestinal epithelium under stressful environments requires epithelial cells to rapidly elicit changes in gene expression patterns to regulate their survival, adapt to stress, and maintain epithelial homeostasis. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as a novel class of posttranscriptional gene regulators that are fundamentally involved in many aspects of intestinal epithelial differentiation, architecture, and barrier function. In this review, we highlight the critical roles of miRNAs in both the crypt-villus axis of cellular self-renewal and inflammation in the mammalian intestinal mucosa and their impact on the microbiota. We also discuss the functions of specific miRNAs within the intestine to better understand the cellular mechanisms that promote intestinal homeostasis, and the influence of dietary components in the regulation of endogenous miRNA in the study of nutrition and gene regulation in intestinal health.

Cite this article as:

Zou L. , Xiong X. *, Wang K. and Yin Y. *, MicroRNAs in the Intestine: Role in Renewal, Homeostasis, and Inflammation, Current Molecular Medicine 2018; 18 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524018666180907163638