Generic placeholder image

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-1808
ISSN (Online): 1875-628X

Abstract

Background: The emergence of fungal resistance to commercial drugs has been observed, and because of that, research with natural products have been performed with the aim of obtaining bioactive compounds.

Objective: Evaluate the chemical composition and antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Costus cf. arabicus L leaves (EECAL) over strains of the genus Candida, as well as its inhibitory potential over yeast virulence.

Methods: The composition of EECAL was analyzed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution using spectrophotometer readings and the Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was investigated. The reading data of the MIC was used to trace a cellular growth curve and calculate the Inhibitory Concentration for 50% of the cells (IC50) of the extract and fluconazole. The effect over the yeast morphology was verified using wet-chamber microculture and visualized through optical microscopy (40x).

Results: HPLC detected the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids. The extract presented fungistatic effect (MIC of 8.192 µg/mL). The IC50 of the extract and fluconazole varied between 4,008.7 to 5,116.8 µg/mL and 44.0 to 83.1 µg/mL, respectively. The extract inhibited the formation of hyphae at MICx2 against CA LM 77. For the CA INCQS 40006, the inhibition was verified at MIC/2. In the CT LM 23 and CT INCQS 40042 strains the presence of hyphae was considered absent at the MIC.

Conclusion: The extract presented antifungal action on cell growth at elevated concentrations and an inhibitory effect of dimorphism in the tested Candida species.

Keywords: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, costaceae, virulence inhibition, fluconazole, dimorphism.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Menezes, E.A.; Cunha, M.D.; Ferreira, É.B.; Capelo, L.G.; Braz, B.H.L.; Cunha, F.A. Perfil de suscetibilidade de Candida tropicalis a antifúngicossistêmicos. Rev. Pathol. Trop., 2013, 42, 49-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v42i1.23598]
[2]
De Rossi, T.; Lozovoy, M.A.B.; Da Silva, R.V.; Fernandes, E.V.; Geraldino, T.H.; Costa, I.C. Sar Idakis, H.O.; Watanabe, M.A.E.; Felipe, I. Interações entre Candida albicans e hospedeiro, Semin. Ciências Biológic. da Saúde 2011, 32, 15-28.
[3]
Correia, A.F.; Silveira, D.; Fonseca-Bazzo, Y.M.; Magalhães, P.O.; Fagg, C.W.; Da Silva, E.C.; Gomes, S.M.; Gandolfi, L.; Pratesi, R.; Medeiros-Nóbrega, Y.K. Activity of crude extracts from Brazilian cerrado plants against clinically relevant Candida species. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2016, 16, 203.
[4]
Pfaller, M.A. Antifungal drug resistance: mechanisms, epidemiology, and consequences for treatment. Am. J. Med., 2012, 125, S3-S13.
[5]
López, C.A.A. Considerações gerais sobre plantas medicinais. Ambient. Gestão E Desenvolv. 2006, 1, 19-27.
[6]
Heinzmann, B.M.; De Barros, F.M.C. Potencial das plantasnativasbrasileiraspara o desenvolvimento de fitomedicamentostendocomoexemploLippia alba (Mill.) NE Brown (Verbenaceae). Saúde (Santa Maria), 2007, 33, 43-48.
[7]
Specht, C.D.; Kress, W.J.; Stevenson, D.W.; DeSalle, R. A molecular phylogeny of Costaceae (Zingiberales). Mol. Phylogenetics. Evol., 2001, 21, 333-345.
[8]
Lans, C.; Harper, T.; Georges, K.; Bridgewater, E. Bridgewater, Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2001, 1, 1.
[9]
Mosihuzzaman, M.; Nahar, N.; Ali, L.; Rokeya, B.; Khan, A.K.; Nur-E-Alam, M.; Nandi, R.P. Hypoglycemic effects of three plants from eastern himalayan belt. Diabetes Res., 1994, 26, 127-138.
[10]
Teixeira, S.A.; Melo, J.I.M. Plantasmedicinaisutilizadas no município de Jupi, Pernambuco, Brasil. Iheringia Série Botânica., 2006, 61, 5-11.
[11]
Castro, J.A.; Brasileiro, B.P.; Lyra, D.H.; De Almeida Pereira, D.; Chaves, J.L. Ethnobotanical study of traditional uses of medicinal plants: The flora of caatinga in the community of Cravolndia-BA, Brazil. J. Med. Plants Res., 2011, 5, 1905-1917.
[12]
Pereira, R.P.; Boligon, A.A.; Appel, A.S.; Fachinetto, R.; Ceron, C.S.; Tanus-Santos, J.E.; Athayde, M.L.; Rocha, J.B.T. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of Melissa officinalis. Ind. Crops Prod., 2014, 53, 34-45.
[13]
Boligon, A.A.; Kubiça, T.F.; Mario, D.N.; De Brum, T.F.; Piana, M.; Weiblen, R.; Lovato, L.; Alves, S.H.; Santos, R.C.V.; Dos Santos Alves, C.F. Antimicrobial and antiviral activity-guided fractionation from ScutiabuxifoliaReissek extracts. Acta Physiol. Plant., 2013, 35, 2229-2239.
[14]
De Souza, A.B.; Souza, L.M.S.; Carvalho, J.C.T.; Maistro, E.L. No clastogenic activity of Caesalpiniaferrea Mart.(Leguminosae) extract on bone marrow cells of Wistar rats. Genet. Mol. Biol., 2006, 29, 380-383.
[15]
Javadpour, M.M.; Juban, M.M.; Lo, W.C.J.; Bishop, S.M. Bishop, J.B. Alberty, S.M. Cowell, C.L. Becker, M.L. McLaughlin, De novo antimicrobial peptides with low mammalian cell toxicity. J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 3107-3113.
[16]
Ernst, E.J.; Klepser, M.E.; Ernst, M.E.; Messer, S.A.; Pfaller, M.A. In vitropharmacodynamic properties of MK-0991 determined by time-kill methods. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1999, 33, 75-80.
[17]
Sidrim, J.J.C.; Rocha, M.F.G. Micologia médica à luz de autores contemporâneos. Guanabara Koogan: Rio de Janeiro 2008.
[18]
Mendes, J.M. Investigação da AtividadeAntifúngica do ÓleoEssencial de Eugenia caryophyllataThunb. sobrecepas de Candida tropicalis, Dissertação; Universidade Federal da Paraíba: João Pessoa, 2011.
[19]
Machado, H.; Nagem, T.J.; Peters, V.M.; Fonseca, C.S. De Oliveira, T.T. Flavonóides e seupotencialterapêutico, Bol. Do Cent. Biol. Da Reprodução., 2008, 27, 33-39.
[20]
Dar, K.B.; Bhat, A.H.; Amin, S.; Anees, S.; Masood, A.; Zargar, M.I.; Ganie, S.A. Efficacy of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Rheum spiciformis against Pathogenic Bacterial and Fungal Strains. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 2016, 10, BC18-BC22.
[21]
López-Posadas, R.; Ballester, I.; Abadía-Molina, A.C.; Suárez, M.D.; Zarzuelo, A.; Martínez-Augustin, O.; De Medina, F.S. Effect of flavonoids on rat splenocytes, a structure-activity relationship study. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2008, 76, 495-506.
[22]
Cherrak, S.A. Mokhtari-Soulimane, N.; Berroukeche, F.; Bensenane, B.; Cherbonnel, A.; Merzouk, H.; Elhabiri, M. In Vitro antioxidant versus metal ion chelating properties of flavonoids: A structureactivity investigation.PLoS One; , 2016, 11, p. 10, e0165575..
[23]
Oliveira, M.S.; Furlong, E.B. Screening of antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity of plant phenolic extracts. World Mycotoxin J., 2008, 1(2), 139-146.
[24]
Bitencourt, A.P.R. Estudo fitoquímico, toxicológico e microbiológico das folhas de Costus spicatus. Jacq. Biota Amaz. (Biote Amaz. Biota Amaz. Amaz. Biota)., 2014, 4, 75-79.
[25]
Cunha, F.A.B.; Matias, E.F.F.; Brito, S.V.; Ferreira, F.S.; Braga, J.M.A.; Costa, J.G.M.; Coutinho, H.D.M. In vitro antibacterial, phototoxic, and synergistic activity of ethanol extracts from Costus cf. arabicusL. J. Med. Food, 2011, 14, 964-968.
[26]
Cunha, F.A.B.; Matias, E.F.F.; Brito, S.V.; Ferreira, F.S.; Braga, J.M.A.; Costa, J.G.M.; Coutinho, H.D.M. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity and in vitro interactions between Costus cf. arabicusL. with UV-A and aminoglycosides. Nat. Prod. Res., 2012, 26, 380-386.
[27]
Souza, C.E.S. FigueiredoLeite, N.; Vieira de Brito, D.I.; Batista Alencar, L.B.; Lima Santos de Lavor, A.K.; Ferreira Matias, E.F.; Sabino Albuquerque, R.; De Alencar Ferreira, J.V.; Bezerra da Cunha, F.A.; RelisonTintino, S. Evaluación de la actividadantimicrobiana y modulación del extracto de hexano de Costus cf. Arabicus L. Rev. Cuba. Plantas Med., 2014, 19, 151-159.
[28]
Tintino, S.R.; Da Cunha, F.A.B.; Dos Santos, K.K.A. De MeloGuedes, G.M.; Souza, C.E.S.; Matias, E.F.F.; Morais-Braga, M.F.B.; Andrade, J.C.; Da Costa, J.G.M.; De Freitas, M.A. Atividademoduladora de extratosetanólico e hexânico de raiz de Costus cf. arabicussobredrogasantimicrobianas. Rev. Bras. Biociencias, 2013, 11.
[29]
Tintino, S.R.; Guedes, G.M.M.; Da Cunha, F.A.B.; Dos Santos, K.K.A.; Matias, E.F.F.; Morais-Braga, M.F.B.; Andrade, J.C.; Souza, E.S.; De Freitas, M.A.; Alencar, L.B.B. AvaliaçãoIn vitro da atividadeantimicrobiana e moduladora dos extratosetanólico e hexânico de bulbo de Costusarabicus= In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity and modulating the ethanol and hexane extracts of Costusarabicus bulb. Biosci. J., 2013, 29, 723-738.
[30]
Mayer, F.L.; Wilson, D.; Hube, B. Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms. Virulence, 2013, 4, 119-128.
[31]
Ribeiro, E.L. Leveduras de Candidaisoladas da boca de crianças com e semSíndrome de Down : aspectosfeno-genotípicos, relaçãointrafamilial e perfil de imunoglobulinasLeveduras de Candidaisoladas da bocade crianças com e semSíndrome de Down : aspectosfeno-genot, Tese; Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008.
[32]
Jacobsen, I.D.; Wilson, D.; Wächtler, B.; Brunke, S.; Naglik, J.R.; Hube, B. Candida albicans dimorphism as a therapeutic target. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther., 2012, 10, 85-93.
[33]
Alves, L.A.; Freires, I. de A.; Pereira, T.M.; De Souza, A.; Lima, E. de O.; De Castro, R.D. Effect of Schinusterebinthifolius on Candida albicans growth kinetics, cell wall formation and micromorphology. Acta Odontol. Scand., 2013, 7, 965-971.
[34]
Van Burik, J-A.H.; Magee, P.T. Aspects of fungal pathogenesis in humans. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 2001, 55, 743-772.
[35]
Salari, S.; Bakhshi, T.; Sharififar, F.; Naseri, A.; Almani, P.G.N. Evaluation of antifungal activity of standardized extract of Salvia rhytideaBenth. (Lamiaceae) against various Candida isolates.J. Mycol. Médicale J. Med. Mycol., 2016.
[36]
Bound, D.J.; Murthy, P.S.; Srinivas, P. 2, 3-Dideoxyglucosides of selected terpene phenols and alcohols as potent antifungal compounds. Food Chem., 2016, 210, 371-380.
[37]
Sharma, A.; Gangwar, M.; Kumar, D.; Nath, G.; Sinha, A.S.; Tripathi, Y. Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial activity and reducing potential of seed oil, latex, machine oil andpresscake of Jatrophacurcas. Avicenna J. Phytomedicine., 2016, 6, 366-375.
[38]
Longhini, R.; Raksa, S.M.; Oliveira, A.C.P.; Svidzinski, T.I.E.; Franco, S.L. Obtenção de extratos de própolis sob diferentescondições e avaliação de suaatividadeantifúngica. Rev. Bras. Farm., 2007, 17, 388-395.
[39]
Silva, M.V.B. Efeito da adição de compostos fenólicos sobre o crescimento de levedura etanologênica (Saccharomyces sp.) em meio sintético e em caldo de cana-de-açúcar. 2013.
[40]
Candiracci, M.; Citterio, B.; Piatti, E. Antifungal activity of the honey flavonoid extract against Candida albicans. Food Chem., 2012, 131, 493-499.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version370msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[04:48:12] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[04:48:12] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[04:48:12] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (141ms)time
  • Application (229ms)time
  • 1 x Application (61.78%)
    229ms
    1 x Booting (38.22%)
    141ms
    10 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    35 statements were executed, 2 of which were duplicates, 33 unique. Show only duplicated137ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59071403','',1,1740458892,1740458892) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740458892
      1.31msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59071403','/article/92604',1,1740458892,1740458892)
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59071403 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59071403) limit 1
      18.9msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59071403
      • 1: 59071403
      • 2: 59071403
      • 3: 59071403
      • 4: 59071403
      • 5: 59071403
      • 6: 59071403
      • 7: 59071403
      • 8: 59071403
      • 9: 59071403
      • 10: 59071403
      • 11: 59071403
      • 12: 59071403
      • 13: 59071403
      • 14: 59071403
      • 15: 59071403
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=92604
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 57 limit 1
      1.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 57
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=57) and sj.journal_id!=57 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=57) and sj.journal_id!=57 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      960μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=57) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.27msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=57) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.2msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '92604'
      1.22msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 92604
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '92604'
      3.83msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 92604
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '92604' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.59msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 92604
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 57 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      50.53msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 57 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      25.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 57 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      11.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 92604 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 92604
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 92604 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 164891 limit 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 164891
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'LDDD' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: LDDD
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '92604' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '9047' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2491' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2491) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2491) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2491)
      3.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9047) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9047) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9047)
      810μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 92604) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 92604) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071403 and j.to_ip >=59071403 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458892 and j.to_date >= 1740458892 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 92604)
      810μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '502' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9047 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 502
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '511' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9047 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 511
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 92604 limit 1
      2.86msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 92604
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 57 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740458892 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740458892 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 57
      • 3: 1740458892
      • 4: 1740458892
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='6a1cddc4924e251340434a3b58fa1028'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        CyiZElkc3XjLYMOLcDohvhJcaCmCIZxeIpSymAlU
        uc_cart_id
        6a1cddc4924e251340434a3b58fa1028
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/92604" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/92604
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImpaelBycS9NOE9pNlZ5dUVqdk5HS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSFJhanE0d2ZaYjZ1R1M2dkhseEVUVW00U2dXMWhmM1pOaUlrV25Vek1Hbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIwMzc2N2RiODJkODFkODM5MTAyNDBjMDkxN2NlZmYyMjllMDMxNWJmZjVlMGY4ZDk1YzdhOTYzY2EwMGQzNGRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImpaelBycS9NOE9pNlZ5dUVqdk5HS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSFJhanE0d2ZaYjZ1R1M2dkhseEVUVW00U2dXMWhmM1pOaUlrV25Vek1Hbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIwMzc2N2RiODJkODFk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:48:12 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImRwUFNuWGkwVlp3aFpSdWc3bTlLeEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOVZZcnd1djhhZElEd2wyOTBUZ0V4M1AyZXpYL29ySmVobzkvVHVoMk9DcDY4RE5SVUtvQ3VxUkdGWEZUZGg2bzJEZFV2TlNSQVprU0V5ZG1OZU83aEVTYm90OUpyZEk0L0JTdXJ2OUJiNUhIT2FNQ3h1UzlSK3FMMVBWdmxhSUgiLCJtYWMiOiI0NTdkMGExNDVmNjc5ZGJkOGMyMzI4ZDBkZmE0YzhhMGMxYTZkNmE4ZjIxN2EyNmRhY2U4NjRlNTE5YWQ5NmJhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:48:12 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImRwUFNuWGkwVlp3aFpSdWc3bTlLeEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOVZZcnd1djhhZElEd2wyOTBUZ0V4M1AyZXpYL29ySmVobzkvVHVoMk9DcDY4RE5SVUtvQ3VxUkdGWEZUZGg2bzJEZFV2T" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZEeTE0K0lRbkZNMC9oY2hDTEVkK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDZJa29lSjdSUmtCVjZvZGJtVGxqSlRPMUVVQkpkK2tFYk1wM0MwZzA3T3d2ZnNHcUlNczlHa2NkMFhmUGlvdVYrdHN5cnE0a0pTcWtIVTZUd1NGNSs3NlRlT2VRZHk3VGdwcVNpcGtvd0xDbzN0VSs0SllMMGlpUkl6c2VOZ3IiLCJtYWMiOiIyMGQ4MDUwMjliYzgxNGQ1YTE3OTlkMTE2OTA1NGQ0OTNlNGM0Nzg1MWRmN2JiZTcxOTk0MGUwZjNjOGQyM2Q5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZEeTE0K0lRbkZNMC9oY2hDTEVkK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDZJa29lSjdSUmtCVjZvZGJtVGxqSlRPMUVVQkpkK2tFYk1wM0MwZzA3T3d2ZnNHcUlNczlHa2N" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImRwUFNuWGkwVlp3aFpSdWc3bTlLeEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOVZZcnd1djhhZElEd2wyOTBUZ0V4M1AyZXpYL29ySmVobzkvVHVoMk9DcDY4RE5SVUtvQ3VxUkdGWEZUZGg2bzJEZFV2TlNSQVprU0V5ZG1OZU83aEVTYm90OUpyZEk0L0JTdXJ2OUJiNUhIT2FNQ3h1UzlSK3FMMVBWdmxhSUgiLCJtYWMiOiI0NTdkMGExNDVmNjc5ZGJkOGMyMzI4ZDBkZmE0YzhhMGMxYTZkNmE4ZjIxN2EyNmRhY2U4NjRlNTE5YWQ5NmJhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:48:12 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImRwUFNuWGkwVlp3aFpSdWc3bTlLeEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOVZZcnd1djhhZElEd2wyOTBUZ0V4M1AyZXpYL29ySmVobzkvVHVoMk9DcDY4RE5SVUtvQ3VxUkdGWEZUZGg2bzJEZFV2T" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZEeTE0K0lRbkZNMC9oY2hDTEVkK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDZJa29lSjdSUmtCVjZvZGJtVGxqSlRPMUVVQkpkK2tFYk1wM0MwZzA3T3d2ZnNHcUlNczlHa2NkMFhmUGlvdVYrdHN5cnE0a0pTcWtIVTZUd1NGNSs3NlRlT2VRZHk3VGdwcVNpcGtvd0xDbzN0VSs0SllMMGlpUkl6c2VOZ3IiLCJtYWMiOiIyMGQ4MDUwMjliYzgxNGQ1YTE3OTlkMTE2OTA1NGQ0OTNlNGM0Nzg1MWRmN2JiZTcxOTk0MGUwZjNjOGQyM2Q5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZEeTE0K0lRbkZNMC9oY2hDTEVkK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDZJa29lSjdSUmtCVjZvZGJtVGxqSlRPMUVVQkpkK2tFYk1wM0MwZzA3T3d2ZnNHcUlNczlHa2N" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "CyiZElkc3XjLYMOLcDohvhJcaCmCIZxeIpSymAlU" "uc_cart_id" => "6a1cddc4924e251340434a3b58fa1028" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/92604" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:48:12GET/article/92604310351