Generic placeholder image

Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5249
ISSN (Online): 1875-6166

Review Article

Brain and Quantum Dots: Benefits of Nanotechnology for Healthy and Diseased Brain

Author(s): Yuri N. Utkin*

Volume 18, Issue 3, 2018

Page: [193 - 205] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1871524918666180813141512

Abstract

Introduction: The brain is the most complicated organ in a vertebrate's organism. In a human, it contains about two hundred billions of neurons and non-neuronal cells. To understand the mechanisms of the brain functions is the great challenge for the researchers. Much is already done on this way; however, it remains a lot to do still, and to get deeper knowledge, new approaches should be developed. One of this is to use benefits that nanotechnology brings in this area. Nanotechnology opens up unique opportunities, not only for material science research, but also for biology, medicine, and many other disciplines. There are several kinds of nanoparticles that can be applied in brain studies, Quantum Dots (QD) being so far most often used. QD are semiconductor light emitting nanocrystals with nanometer-sized structures of unique optical properties. They have bright fluorescence, are resistant to bleaching and able of emitting fluorescent light of different wavelengths. These properties make QD perfect tools for visualization of brain structures and mechanisms underlying its functions. Due to unique QD properties, even single molecules under study can be observed. Moreover QDs can be used for brain-targeted drug delivery.

Conclusion: In this review, the application of quantum dots for the brain research is considered and benefits that it can bring are discussed.

Keywords: Brain, conjugates, drugs, fluorescence, quantum dots, visualization.

Graphical Abstract


© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version451msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[04:45:06] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[04:45:06] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[04:45:06] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (148ms)time
  • Application (303ms)time
  • 1 x Application (67.25%)
    303ms
    1 x Booting (32.75%)
    148ms
    13 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    32 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 28 unique. Show only duplicated207ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316409794','',1,1740458706,1740458706) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740458706
      1.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316409794','/article/92374',1,1740458706,1740458706)
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) limit 1
      14.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316409794
      • 1: 316409794
      • 2: 316409794
      • 3: 316409794
      • 4: 316409794
      • 5: 316409794
      • 6: 316409794
      • 7: 316409794
      • 8: 316409794
      • 9: 316409794
      • 10: 316409794
      • 11: 316409794
      • 12: 316409794
      • 13: 316409794
      • 14: 316409794
      • 15: 316409794
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=92374
      850μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 36 limit 1
      810μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 36
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=36) and sj.journal_id!=36 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=36) and sj.journal_id!=36 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      980μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=36) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.91msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=36) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.74msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '92374'
      940μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 92374
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '92374'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 92374
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '92374' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.66msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 92374
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 36 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      26.79msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 36 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 36 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.47msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 92374 limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 92374
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 92374 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 281 and cd.sub_disease_id = 297 and content_id!=92374 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      134msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 164639 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 164639
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CNSAMC' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CNSAMC
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '92374' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '193' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 8632 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 193
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '205' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 8632 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 205
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      160μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 92374 limit 1
      3.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 92374
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 36 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740458706 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740458706 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.59msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 36
      • 3: 1740458706
      • 4: 1740458706
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 36 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740458706 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740458706 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.59msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 36
      • 3: 1740458706
      • 4: 1740458706
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='819d62705afcccf8a814d2fbeebae5fa'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        HQr7ocsPpmQQKyH2WsqEp42R2aIUtHReZS1FmY8F
        uc_cart_id
        819d62705afcccf8a814d2fbeebae5fa
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/92374" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/92374
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjBPYkVNSm9ERGVORnZpc2p1am94Mmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVjRwNXNFQXEwNU1mWDM4dklIR3ZhdmlMWjUwRXluOU9GRzBVaFZOY1dLST0iLCJtYWMiOiI2ZGI1MmI2MzU3ZTBkYTI2YzBhNTlmMWNiMThhZmIzYzVlNzk2Zjk5ZDJlNGY5OTUwODAzYTQyMjc2NjY4YmMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjBPYkVNSm9ERGVORnZpc2p1am94Mmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVjRwNXNFQXEwNU1mWDM4dklIR3ZhdmlMWjUwRXluOU9GRzBVaFZOY1dLST0iLCJtYWMiOiI2ZGI1MmI2MzU3ZTBk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:45:06 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims3cE5NemloNGtYbmNqaEF6bmlVV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExZ0xpTkdCQTJIZ2dVS1FRbThhbUNtb2lNWE1CazVmcUk3cHVZVkNzRFl2SUpoRGdrNWdDTkg4V2JoVklXd0RGd1lTT0dZTTN6bXRTdk5TYTF2bkdNbHpId3lpNHhDd05uU20yeWJpQk1UenVuSWx4T3ozMzF6Sll0WFpadHUiLCJtYWMiOiJkZmQzMWQ3MGMwZGM2NDg0NGNhN2VhNTM4ZGJlOWFkM2NiODZkMGNmM2NiOTlkYTA5ZDFlMzg2ZjE1ZDkzOWNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:45:06 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims3cE5NemloNGtYbmNqaEF6bmlVV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExZ0xpTkdCQTJIZ2dVS1FRbThhbUNtb2lNWE1CazVmcUk3cHVZVkNzRFl2SUpoRGdrNWdDTkg4V2JoVklXd0RGd1lTT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1FVnQyd0crWndGY09hcVo1YzVQUVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2dTbVdkekxEcG1NQXNxRGR2UGk4eWZZRmpNSVV3TTRPTGRYZDA5c1JGVDMzcTBhZFR5bElad0gwd1RKT3pEUGlua1ZjQjBLckI3ZU5IUmxBWDUrRnB2TVpvRlU0SUdWWEpCbGxvVmZRcEZ0Q0JoRzA3Z0cvWms1MEVJbDA4bkYiLCJtYWMiOiJkYjc1Yzg0NzZlYjE3NTc2YzhhZTU5NDZiNzM2OTRmODMwZDBlYzVjMGNmZDdiZDkxOWYzNDcxYjJkNjc1Nzg0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1FVnQyd0crWndGY09hcVo1YzVQUVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2dTbVdkekxEcG1NQXNxRGR2UGk4eWZZRmpNSVV3TTRPTGRYZDA5c1JGVDMzcTBhZFR5bElad0g" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims3cE5NemloNGtYbmNqaEF6bmlVV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExZ0xpTkdCQTJIZ2dVS1FRbThhbUNtb2lNWE1CazVmcUk3cHVZVkNzRFl2SUpoRGdrNWdDTkg4V2JoVklXd0RGd1lTT0dZTTN6bXRTdk5TYTF2bkdNbHpId3lpNHhDd05uU20yeWJpQk1UenVuSWx4T3ozMzF6Sll0WFpadHUiLCJtYWMiOiJkZmQzMWQ3MGMwZGM2NDg0NGNhN2VhNTM4ZGJlOWFkM2NiODZkMGNmM2NiOTlkYTA5ZDFlMzg2ZjE1ZDkzOWNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:45:06 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims3cE5NemloNGtYbmNqaEF6bmlVV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExZ0xpTkdCQTJIZ2dVS1FRbThhbUNtb2lNWE1CazVmcUk3cHVZVkNzRFl2SUpoRGdrNWdDTkg4V2JoVklXd0RGd1lTT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1FVnQyd0crWndGY09hcVo1YzVQUVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2dTbVdkekxEcG1NQXNxRGR2UGk4eWZZRmpNSVV3TTRPTGRYZDA5c1JGVDMzcTBhZFR5bElad0gwd1RKT3pEUGlua1ZjQjBLckI3ZU5IUmxBWDUrRnB2TVpvRlU0SUdWWEpCbGxvVmZRcEZ0Q0JoRzA3Z0cvWms1MEVJbDA4bkYiLCJtYWMiOiJkYjc1Yzg0NzZlYjE3NTc2YzhhZTU5NDZiNzM2OTRmODMwZDBlYzVjMGNmZDdiZDkxOWYzNDcxYjJkNjc1Nzg0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1FVnQyd0crWndGY09hcVo1YzVQUVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2dTbVdkekxEcG1NQXNxRGR2UGk4eWZZRmpNSVV3TTRPTGRYZDA5c1JGVDMzcTBhZFR5bElad0g" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "HQr7ocsPpmQQKyH2WsqEp42R2aIUtHReZS1FmY8F" "uc_cart_id" => "819d62705afcccf8a814d2fbeebae5fa" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/92374" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:45:06GET/article/92374313321