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Review Article

植物甾醇和甾烷醇强化食品在临床实践中的使用

卷 26, 期 37, 2019

页: [6691 - 6703] 页: 13

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867325666180709114524

价格: $65

摘要

植物固醇和甾烷醇（PS）是天然的非营养性分子，在植物膜中的结构作用类似于动物膜中的胆固醇，并且在种子和衍生油中比比皆是。 PS发挥其物理作用，干扰肠腔内胆固醇的胶束增溶，并被肠上皮细胞少量吸收，循环水平增加。 PS在植物中的生理作用及其天然来源和非内在作用，以及其降低胆固醇的作用，使其成为控制高胆固醇血症的非药物制剂的诱人选择。最近的荟萃分析总结了100多项对照临床试验的结果，并坚定地确定，以每天2-3 g的剂量食用不同形式的PS补充食品可导致LDL-胆固醇减少9-12％。 PS既是有效又安全的降胆固醇药，并具有许多临床应用：健康饮食的辅助剂，常见的高胆固醇血症的治疗，他汀类药物和其他降脂药物的联合治疗以及代谢综合征和糖尿病的治疗。降低胆固醇的功效在所有临床情况下都是相似的。 PS还可用于治疗尚未接受他汀类药物或接受小剂量这些药物的高胆固醇血症儿童。在他汀类药物治疗的情况下，用PS获得的平均LDL-胆固醇减少量相当于他汀类药物剂量的两倍上调。但是，关于PS作为依泽替米贝，贝特类，ω-3脂肪酸或胆汁酸结合树脂的附加疗法的功效的信息仍然匮乏。关于补充PS的功能性食品的降胆固醇功效和安全性的一致科学证据，已导致一些国家和国际科学学会认可其作为健康饮食的辅助手段用于非药物治疗高胆固醇血症。然而，缺乏PS的心血管事件预后的临床试验。

关键词: 植物固醇，植物甾烷醇，血液胆固醇，胆固醇吸收，心血管疾病风险，LDL胆固醇降低。

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