Title:Recent Updates on Novel Approaches in Insulin Drug Delivery: A Review of Challenges and Pharmaceutical Implications
Volume: 19
Issue: 15
关键词:
糖尿病，胰岛素装置，眼部分娩，口腔分娩，肺部分娩，口服分娩，透皮分娩，直肠分娩
摘要: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism, is mainly associated with
insulin resistance to the body cells, or impaired production of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells. Insulin
is mainly required to regulate glucose metabolism in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients; however, many
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also require insulin, especially when their condition cannot be
controlled solely by oral hypoglycemic agents. Hence, major research is ongoing attempting to improve
the delivery of insulin in order to make it more convenient to patients who experience side effects
from the conventional treatment procedure or non-adherence to insulin regimen due to multiple
comorbid conditions. Conventionally, insulin is administered via subcutaneous route which is also one
of the sole reasons of patient’s non-compliance due to the invasiveness of this method. Several attempts
have been done to improve patient compliance, reduce side effects, improve delivery adherence,
and to enhance the pharmaceutical performance of the insulin therapy. Despite facing substantial
challenges in developing efficient delivery systems for insulin, vast research studies have been carried
out for the development of smart delivery systems to deliver insulin via ocular, buccal, pulmonary,
oral, transdermal, as well as rectal routes. Therefore, the present review was aimed to overview the
challenges encountered with the current insulin delivery systems and to summarize recent advancements
in technology of various novel insulin delivery systems being discovered and introduced in the
current market.
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