摘要
背景:新的证据支持代谢紊乱参与阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制的假说。代谢功能障碍的一个方面包括摘要腺苷单磷酸激酶蛋白激酶(AMPK)与哺乳动物的雷帕霉素(MTOR)代谢轴靶点广泛存在于AD的一些主要病因中,如脑血管。疾病,2型糖尿病和脑缺血事件。虽然这种代谢失调的分子基础仍然是一个重大挑战,但由于衰老而出现线粒体功能障碍。作为激活AMPK/mTOR信号通路、导致神经元能量代谢异常和AD病理改变的重要因素。 方法:采用Lecia共聚焦显微镜免疫荧光显像技术,分析AMPK/mTOR的活化情况。同时,超氧化物歧化酶2的线粒体抗氧化酶水平在AD(n=8)和正常人(n=7)死后脑组织中检测了Na_2和过氧还蛋白1和4(p_1和p_4)以及蛋白质和Dana氧化。AD病理学的OLE。 结果:尽管AMPK抑制mTOR,但在高度共定位的AD脑组织中,AMPK和mTOR(p-AMPK和p-mTOR)同时磷酸化。米p-AMPK、p-mTOR和p-τ阳性细胞中SOD 2、p1和p4的线粒体抗氧化酶明显降低,DNA和蛋白氧化水平较高。 结论:AMPK和mTOR代谢轴在AD脑组织中具有较高的激活性。虽然AMPK和mTOR之间的抑制联系似乎被破坏了,但我们建议氧化st。RESS作为AD并发激活AMPK和mTOR的潜在机制。
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病,氧化应激,线粒体抗氧化酶,腺苷一磷酸激酶蛋白激酶,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点,τ磷酸化,超氧化物歧化酶,过氧化物酶xiredoxin.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Oxidative Stress and Decreased Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase 2 and Peroxiredoxins 1 and 4 Based Mechanism of Concurrent Activation of AMPK and mTOR in Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 15 Issue: 8
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病,氧化应激,线粒体抗氧化酶,腺苷一磷酸激酶蛋白激酶,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点,τ磷酸化,超氧化物歧化酶,过氧化物酶xiredoxin.
摘要: Background: Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that metabolism dysfunction is involved in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One aspect of metabolic dysfunction includes dysregulation of adenosine monophosphate kinase protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) metabolic axis, which is extensively present in some of the leading causes of AD such as cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and brain ischaemic events. While the molecular basis underlying this metabolic dysregulation remains a significant challenge, mitochondrial dysfunction due to aging appears to be an essential factor to activate AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to abnormal neuronal energy metabolism and AD pathology.
Methods: Using immunofluorescent imaging by Lecia confocal microscopy, we analyzed the activation of AMPK/mTOR. Concurrently, the level of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin 1 and 4 (p1 and p4) along with protein and DANA oxidation were examined to in postmortem brains of AD (n= 8) and normal (n= 7) subjects to evaluate the metabolism dysfunction role in AD pathology.
Results: In spite of AMPK inhibitory control on mTOR, concurrent phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR (p-AMPK and p-mTOR) was observed in AD brains with high colocalization with hyperphosphorylated tau. Mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes of SOD2 and p1 and p4 were substantially decreased in p-AMPK, p-mTOR and p-tau positive cells along with higher levels of DNA and protein oxidation.
Conclusion: Collectively, we conclude that AMPK and mTOR metabolic axis is highly activated in AD brains. While the inhibitory link between AMPK and mTOR seems to be disrupted, we suggest oxidative stress as the underlying mechanism for concurrent activation of AMPK and mTOR in AD.
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Oxidative Stress and Decreased Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase 2 and Peroxiredoxins 1 and 4 Based Mechanism of Concurrent Activation of AMPK and mTOR in Alzheimer’s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2018; 15 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180223093020
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180223093020 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
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