Vascular Risk Factors and Lesions of Vascular Nature in Magnetic Resonance as Predictors of Progression to Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Title:Vascular Risk Factors and Lesions of Vascular Nature in Magnetic Resonance as Predictors of Progression to Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Volume: 15 Issue: 7

Author(s): Raul Romero-Sevilla*, Ignacio Casado-Naranjo, Juan Carlos Portilla-Cuenca, Beatriz Duque-de San Juan, Jose Manuel Fuentes and Fidel Lopez-Espuela

Affiliation:

• Department of Neurology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres,Spain

Keywords: Mild cognitive impairment, dementia, white matter hyperintensities, vascular risk factor, Alzheimer's disease, cholesterol.

Abstract: Background: Evidence of the effect of vascular risk factors and white matter lesions on the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia is not conclusive.

Objective: The study aimed to analyze the impact of these factors on MCI progression to dementia from a global perspective.

Methods: Our study included a population of 105 patients with MCI.

Results: After a mean follow-up period of 3.09 years (range, 2-3.79), 47 patients (44.76%) progressed to dementia: 32 (30.8%) to mixed dementia, 13 (12.5%) to probable AD, and 2 (1.9%) to vascular dementia. Total cholesterol levels (OR: 1.015 [1.003-1.028]) and LDL cholesterol levels (OR: 1.018 [1.004-1.032]) increased the risk of progression to dementia. Cystatin C was a protective factor against progression to dementia (OR: 0.119 [0.015-0.944], p = 0.044). During the second year of follow-up, the presence of subcortical white matter hyperintensities increased the risk of progression to dementia (OR: 5.854 [1.008- 33.846]). Subcortical and periventricular white matter hyperintensities were also associated with an increased risk of progression to dementia during the second year of follow-up (OR: 3.130 [1.098-8.922] and OR: 3.561 [1.227-10.334], respectively). The same was true for silent infarcts (OR: 4.308 [1.480- 12.500]).

Conclusion: A high percentage of patients progressed to dementia. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and white matter hyperintensities were found to be associated with MCI progression to dementia. In contrast, cystatin C was shown to be a protective factor against progression to dementia.

Cite this article as:

Romero-Sevilla Raul*, Casado-Naranjo Ignacio , Portilla-Cuenca Carlos Juan, Duque-de San Juan Beatriz , Fuentes Manuel Jose and Lopez-Espuela Fidel , Vascular Risk Factors and Lesions of Vascular Nature in Magnetic Resonance as Predictors of Progression to Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Current Alzheimer Research 2018; 15 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180119100840