摘要
在目前正在开发的纳米医学的不同应用中,纳米基因传递作为一种令人兴奋的新技术出现,有可能克服公认的障碍和一些生物和医学需求。所有递送系统的核心组成部分是将遗传物质递送到细胞中的要求,并且它们最终存在于其所需功能将被暴露的细胞核中。然而,遗传物质不会被动地进入细胞;因此,交付系统是必要的。新兴的纳米基因传递领域利用新材料和纳米级产生的特性来产生能够有效地将遗传物质传递到各种不同类型细胞中的传递载体。新递送载体的新的物理化学性质可用于解决体外和体内核酸递送中存在的当前挑战。虽然人们对基于纳米结构的基因传递越来越感兴趣,但该领域仍处于起步阶段,并且在生物学背景下还有很多关于纳米结构及其物理化学性质的发现。 我们对书目数据库进行了有组织和有针对性的搜索。我们的研究结果表明,尽管纳米结构合成和先进的表征技术取得了新的突破,但我们在生产高效无毒的输送系统方面仍面临许多障碍。在本综述中,我们概述了目前用于临床和生物医学研究应用的系统类型及其优缺点,以及讨论纳米级与生物材料相互作用产生的障碍。 总之,我们希望通过将纳米基因传递的远程多学科性质发挥到极致,开发出新的有针对性的纳米技术基础战略,以克服本次审查所涉及的主要挑战。
关键词: 基因传递,转染,基因治疗,纳米技术,纳米基因传递,生物治疗,生物医学,纳米医学
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Nano-Scale Gene Delivery Systems: Current Technology, Obstacles, and Future Directions
Volume: 25 Issue: 21
关键词: 基因传递,转染,基因治疗,纳米技术,纳米基因传递,生物治疗,生物医学,纳米医学
摘要: Within the different applications of nanomedicine currently being developed, nanogene delivery is appearing as an exciting new technique with the possibility to overcome recognised hurdles and several biological and medical needs. The central component of all delivery systems is the requirement for the delivery of genetic material into cells, and for them to eventually reside in the nucleus where their desired function will be exposed. However, genetic material does not passively enter cells; thus, a delivery system is necessary. The emerging field of nano-gene delivery exploits the use of new materials and the properties that arise at the nanometre-scale to produce delivery vectors that can effectively deliver genetic material into a variety of different types of cells. The novel physicochemical properties of the new delivery vectors can be used to address the current challenges existing in nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo. While there is a growing interest in nanostructure-based gene delivery, the field is still in its infancy, and there is yet much to discover about nanostructures and their physicochemical properties in a biological context.
We carried out an organised and focused search of bibliographic databases. Our results suggest that despite new breakthroughs in nanostructure synthesis and advanced characterization techniques, we still face many barriers in producing highly efficient and non-toxic delivery systems. In this review, we overview the types of systems currently used for clinical and biomedical research applications along with their advantages and disadvantages, as well as discussing barriers that arise from nano-scale interactions with biological material.
In conclusion, we hope that by bringing the far reaching multidisciplinary nature of nano-gene delivery to light, new targeted nanotechnology-bases strategies are developed to overcome the major challenges covered in this review.
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Cite this article as:
Nano-Scale Gene Delivery Systems: Current Technology, Obstacles, and Future Directions, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180108100723
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180108100723 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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