Abstract
Background: Insulin increases glucose uptake in muscles and fat and inhibits hepatic glucose production, thus serving as the primary regulator of the blood glucose level. In type 2 diabetes, insufficient insulin release and suppressed insulin action [named insulin resistance] lead to increased glucose production in liver and decreased glucose uptake by muscles and fat tissues, resulting in elevated blood glucose concentration which is dangerous to human health. Therefore, the anti-diabetic therapies are aimed at inhibiting excess blood glucose.
Methods: A comparative analysis of two distinct glucose-lowering modes was used to develop a new feedback model for the purpose of identification of pharmacological targets in diabetes treatment.
Results: The current brief opinion proposes an original feedback control of glucose-lowering regulation and its models which allow comparing two distinct strategies of glucose level correction, i.e., one of them allows reducing the increased threshold of insulin resistance, whereas the other allows overcoming this threshold/barrier using exogenous insulin treatment. Also, this analytic research presents selected examples comparing the influence of the two analyzed strategies on the normalization of glucose metabolism, their therapeutic potential and side effects associated with additional weight gain. These models show the pathological mechanism by which exogenous insulin provokes formation of a «vicious cycle» by its side effects associated with additional weight gain.
Conclusion: The presented model and findings can contribute to the development of new anti-diabetic targets and drugs with minimal side effects.
Keywords: Chronic low-grade inflammation, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolism, side effects, vicious cycle, weigh gain.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Glucose-lowering Strategies in Diabetes: Pharmacological Development of New Antidiabetic Drugs
Volume: 24 Issue: 9
Author(s): Polina Schwartsburd*
Affiliation:
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskay ulitsa 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290,Russian Federation
Keywords: Chronic low-grade inflammation, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolism, side effects, vicious cycle, weigh gain.
Abstract: Background: Insulin increases glucose uptake in muscles and fat and inhibits hepatic glucose production, thus serving as the primary regulator of the blood glucose level. In type 2 diabetes, insufficient insulin release and suppressed insulin action [named insulin resistance] lead to increased glucose production in liver and decreased glucose uptake by muscles and fat tissues, resulting in elevated blood glucose concentration which is dangerous to human health. Therefore, the anti-diabetic therapies are aimed at inhibiting excess blood glucose.
Methods: A comparative analysis of two distinct glucose-lowering modes was used to develop a new feedback model for the purpose of identification of pharmacological targets in diabetes treatment.
Results: The current brief opinion proposes an original feedback control of glucose-lowering regulation and its models which allow comparing two distinct strategies of glucose level correction, i.e., one of them allows reducing the increased threshold of insulin resistance, whereas the other allows overcoming this threshold/barrier using exogenous insulin treatment. Also, this analytic research presents selected examples comparing the influence of the two analyzed strategies on the normalization of glucose metabolism, their therapeutic potential and side effects associated with additional weight gain. These models show the pathological mechanism by which exogenous insulin provokes formation of a «vicious cycle» by its side effects associated with additional weight gain.
Conclusion: The presented model and findings can contribute to the development of new anti-diabetic targets and drugs with minimal side effects.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Schwartsburd Polina *, Glucose-lowering Strategies in Diabetes: Pharmacological Development of New Antidiabetic Drugs, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018; 24 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666171227222113
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666171227222113 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Understanding Heterogeneity in Supplementation Effects of Selenium in Men: A Study of Stratification Variables and Human Genetics in a Prospective Sample from New Zealand
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Cognitive Training in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Findings of a 12-month Randomized Controlled Trial
Current Alzheimer Research Coupling Classical Analytical Methods with Modeling in Routine Analysis Tests - Merits and Drawbacks
Current Analytical Chemistry Fatty Acids - Induced Lipotoxicity and Inflammation
Current Drug Metabolism Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Biologically Active Dietary Peptides
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Evaluating a Child with Partial Developmental Delay (ParDD), Global Developmental Delay (GDD)/Mental Retardation (MR): Clinical Expertise Based or Evidence-Based?
Current Pediatric Reviews Magnesium in Pain Research: State of the Art
Current Medicinal Chemistry Prognostic Value of Transferrin Receptor-1 (CD71) Expression in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Bis-β-lactam Grafted Macrocycles
Medicinal Chemistry “European Panel on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subclasses”: A Statement on the Pathophysiology, Atherogenicity and Clinical Significance of LDL Subclasses
Current Vascular Pharmacology Important Role of Relaxation Techniques in Immune Functions, Glycemic Control, and Stress in Diabetic Patients with COVID-19: A Review
Current Diabetes Reviews “Actin”g on GLUT4: Membrane & Cytoskeletal Components of Insulin Action
Current Diabetes Reviews The Role of 18 kDa Mitochondrial Translocator Protein (TSPO) in Programmed Cell Death, and Effects of Steroids on TSPO Expression
Current Molecular Medicine Transglutaminase Activity as a Possible Therapeutical Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Mechanisms of Adipocytokine-Mediated Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Demographic and Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences During 2002-2013
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Pathogenesis and Clinical Features of Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) A Review of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Roles of Calcium and Tyrosine Kinases in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Current Enzyme Inhibition