Review Article

低分子肝素抗凝剂分离研究进展

卷 26, 期 1, 2019

页: [166 - 176] 页: 11

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867324666171005114150

价格: $65

摘要

抗凝剂的一般功能是防止血液凝结和血管中现有的凝块的生长。近年来,在血栓形成的预防方法、药物治疗和外科治疗方面都取得了显著的进展。近二十年来,低分子肝素在抗血栓疾病治疗中得到了广泛的应用。这些类型的药物广泛应用于临床治疗。尽管低分子量肝素具有生物学和医学上的重要性,但其化学结构尚未完全确定。由于这两种抗凝剂的结构复杂性和杂质的存在,它们的结构表征需要采用先进的分析技术。由于分离技术在这些研究中起着关键作用,本文将重点介绍低分子肝素抗凝剂分离的最新进展。

关键词: 低分子量肝素的分离、液相色谱、超高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳、质谱、抗凝剂。

[1]
McLean, J. The thromboplactic action of cephalin. Am. J. Physiol., 1916, 41(2), 250-257.
[2]
Liu, H.; Zhang, Z.; Linhardt, R.J. Lessons learned from the contamination of heparin. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2009, 26(3), 313-321.
[3]
Rabenstein, D.L. Heparin and heparan sulfate: structure and function. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2002, 19(3), 312-331.
[4]
Doneanu, C.E.; Chen, W.; Gebler, J.C. Analysis of oligosaccharides derived from heparin by ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 2009, 81(9), 3485-3499.
[5]
Noti, C.; Seeberger, P.H. Chemical approaches to define the structure-activity relationship of heparin-like glycosaminoglycans. Chem. Biol., 2005, 12(7), 731-756.
[6]
Linhardt, R.J.; Liu, J. Synthetic heparin. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2012, 12(2), 217-219.
[7]
Lindahl, U.; Kusche-Gullberg, M.; Kjellén, L. Regulated diversity of heparan sulfate. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273(39), 24979-24982.
[8]
Chavaroche, A.A.E.; van den Broek, L.A.M.; Eggink, G. Production methods for heparosan, a precursor of heparin and heparan sulfate. Carbohydr. Polym., 2013, 93(1), 38-47.
[9]
Choay, J.; Petitou, M.; Lormeau, J.C.; Sinaÿ, P.; Casu, B.; Gatti, G. Structure-activity relationship in heparin: a synthetic pentasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin III and eliciting high anti-factor Xa activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1983, 116(2), 492-499.
[10]
Ye, F.; Kuang, Y.; Chen, S.; Zhang, C.; Chen, Y.; Xing, X-H. Characteristics of low molecular weight heparin production by an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor using maltose binding protein fused heparinase I. Biochem. Eng. J., 2009, 46(2), 193-198.
[11]
Xiao, Z.; Tappen, B.R.; Ly, M.; Zhao, W.; Canova, L.P.; Guan, H.; Linhardt, R.J. Heparin mapping using heparin lyases and the generation of a novel low molecular weight heparin. J. Med. Chem., 2011, 54(2), 603-610.
[12]
Boneu, B. Low molecular weight heparins: are they superior to unfractionated heparins to prevent and to treat deep vein thrombosis? Thromb. Res., 2000, 100(2), V113-V120.
[13]
Gray, E.; Mulloy, B.; Barrowcliffe, T.W. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin. Thromb. Haemost., 2008, 99(5), 807-818.
[14]
Lewis, E.J.; Xu, X. Abnormal glomerular permeability characteristics in diabetic nephropathy: implications for the therapeutic use of low-molecular weight heparin. Diabetes Care, 2008, 31(Suppl. 2), S202-S207.
[15]
Sain, M.; Kovacic, V.; Radic, J.; Ljutic, D.; Jelicic, I. Potential beneficial effects of low molecular weight heparin on cognitive impairment in elderly patients on haemodialysis. Drugs Aging, 2012, 29(1), 1-7.
[16]
Mousa, S.A.; Mohamed, S. Anti-angiogenic mechanisms and efficacy of the low molecular weight heparin, tinzaparin: anti-cancer efficacy. Oncol. Rep., 2004, 12(4), 683-688.
[17]
Zacharski, L.R.; Lee, A.Y.Y. Heparin as an anticancer therapeutic. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2008, 17(7), 1029-1037.
[18]
Ma, Q.; Cornelli, U.; Hanin, I.; Jeske, W.P.; Linhardt, R.J.; Walenga, J.M.; Fareed, J.; Lee, J.M. Heparin oligosaccharides as potential therapeutic agents in senile dementia. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2007, 13(15), 1607-1616.
[19]
Walenga, J.M.; Lyman, G.H. Evolution of heparin anticoagulants to ultra-low-molecular-weight heparins: a review of pharmacologic and clinical differences and applications in patients with cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 2013, 88(1), 1-18.
[20]
Petitou, M.; van Boeckel, C.A.A. A synthetic antithrombin III binding pentasaccharide is now a drug! What comes next? Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2004, 43(24), 3118-3133.
[21]
Planès, A. Review of bemiparin sodium--a new second-generation low molecular weight heparin and its applications in venous thromboembolism. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2003, 4(9), 1551-1561.
[22]
Xu, Y.; Masuko, S.; Takieddin, M.; Xu, H.; Liu, R.; Jing, J.; Mousa, S.A.; Linhardt, R.J.; Liu, J. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous ultralow molecular weight heparins. Science, 2011, 334(6055), 498-501.
[23]
Maddineni, J.; Walenga, J.M.; Jeske, W.P.; Hoppensteadt, D.A.; Fareed, J.; Wahi, R.; Bick, R.L. Product individuality of commercially available low-molecular-weight heparins and their generic versions: therapeutic implications. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost., 2006, 12(3), 267-276.
[24]
Hirsh, J.; Warkentin, T.E.; Shaughnessy, S.G.; Anand, S.S.; Halperin, J.L.; Raschke, R.; Granger, C.; Ohman, E.M.; Dalen, J.E. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest, 2001, 119(1)(Suppl.), 64S-94S.
[25]
Linhardt, R.J.; Gunay, N.S. Production and chemical processing of low molecular weight heparins. Semin. Thromb. Hemost., 1999, 25(Suppl. 3), 5-16.
[26]
Li, L.; Zhang, F.; Zaia, J.; Linhardt, R.J. Top-down approach for the direct characterization of low molecular weight heparins using LC-FT-MS. Anal. Chem., 2012, 84(20), 8822-8829.
[27]
Mousa, S.A. The low molecular weight heparin, tinzaparin, in thrombosis and beyond. Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 2002, 20(3), 199-216.
[28]
Wu, J.; Zhang, C.; Mei, X.; Li, Y.; Xing, X.H. Controllable production of low molecular weight heparins by combinations of heparinase I/II/III. Carbohydr. Polym., 2014, 101, 484-492.
[29]
Fu, L.; Zhang, F.; Li, G.; Onishi, A.; Bhaskar, U.; Sun, P.; Linhardt, R.J. Structure and activity of a new low-molecular-weight heparin produced by enzymatic ultrafiltration. J. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 103(5), 1375-1383.
[30]
Higashi, K.; Hosoyama, S.; Ohno, A.; Masuko, S.; Yang, B.; Sterner, E.; Wang, Z.; Linhardt, R.J.; Toida, T. Photochemical Preparation of a Novel Low Molecular Weight Heparin. Carbohydr. Polym., 2012, 67(2), 1737-1743.
[31]
Achour, O.; Bridiau, N.; Godhbani, A.; Le Joubioux, F.; Bordenave Juchereau, S.; Sannier, F.; Piot, J-M.; Fruitier Arnaudin, I.; Maugard, T. Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr. Polym., 2013, 97(2), 684-689.
[32]
Li, G.; Steppich, J.; Wang, Z.; Sun, Y.; Xue, C.; Linhardt, R.J.; Li, L. Bottom-up low molecular weight heparin analysis using liquid chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry for extensive characterization. Anal. Chem., 2014, 86(13), 6626-6632.
[33]
Thanawiroon, C.; Linhardt, R.J. Separation of a complex mixture of heparin-derived oligosaccharides using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 1014(1-2), 215-223.
[34]
Zhang, F.; Yang, B.; Ly, M.; Solakyildirim, K.; Xiao, Z.; Wang, Z.; Beaudet, J.M.; Torelli, A.Y.; Dordick, J.S.; Linhardt, R.J. Structural characterization of heparins from different commercial sources. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2011, 401(9), 2793-2803.
[35]
Wang, Z.; Li, D.; Sun, X.; Bai, X.; Jin, L.; Chi, L. Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. Anal. Biochem., 2014, 451, 35-41.
[36]
Patel, R.P.; Narkowicz, C.; Jacobson, G.A. Effective reversed-phase ion pair high-performance liquid chromatography method for the separation and characterization of intact low-molecular-weight heparins. Anal. Biochem., 2009, 387(1), 113-121.
[37]
Langeslay, D.J.; Urso, E.; Gardini, C.; Naggi, A.; Torri, G.; Larive, C.K. Reversed-phase ion-pair ultra-high-performance-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for fingerprinting low-molecular-weight heparins. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 1292, 201-210.
[38]
Wang, B.; Buhse, L.F.; Al-Hakim, A.; Boyne Ii, M.T.; Keire, D.A. Characterization of currently marketed heparin products: analysis of heparin digests by RPIP-UHPLC-QTOF-MS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2012, 67-68, 42-50.
[39]
Seo, Y.; Andaya, A.; Leary, J.A. Preparation, separation, and conformational analysis of differentially sulfated heparin octasaccharide isomers using ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 2012, 84(5), 2416-2423.
[40]
Ouyang, Y.; Zeng, Y.; Rong, Y.; Song, Y.; Shi, L.; Chen, B.; Yang, X.; Xu, N.; Linhardt, R.J.; Zhang, Z. Profiling analysis of low molecular weight heparins by multiple heart-cutting two dimensional chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 2015, 87(17), 8957-8963.
[41]
Zhang, Q.; Chen, X.; Zhu, Z.; Zhan, X.; Wu, Y.; Song, L.; Kang, J. Structural analysis of low molecular weight heparin by ultraperformance size exclusion chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry and capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chem., 2013, 85(3), 1819-1827.
[42]
Fu, L.; Li, G.; Yang, B.; Onishi, A.; Li, L.; Sun, P.; Zhang, F.; Linhardt, R.J. Structural characterization of pharmaceutical heparins prepared from different animal tissues. J. Pharm. Sci., 2013, 102(5), 1447-1457.
[43]
Ouyang, Y.; Wu, C.; Sun, X.; Liu, J.; Linhardt, R.J.; Zhang, Z. Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2016, 30(2), 277-284.
[44]
Patel, R.P.; Narkowicz, C.; Hutchinson, J.P.; Hilder, E.F.; Jacobson, G.A. A simple capillary electrophoresis method for the rapid separation and determination of intact low molecular weight and unfractionated heparins. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2008, 46(1), 30-35.
[45]
Sun, X.; Lin, L.; Liu, X.; Zhang, F.; Chi, L.; Xia, Q.; Linhardt, R.J. Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. Anal. Chem., 2016, 88(3), 1937-1943.
[46]
Rice, K.G.; Linhardt, R.J. Study of structurally defined oligosaccharide substrates of heparin and heparan monosulfate lyases. Carbohydr. Res., 1989, 190(2), 219-233.
[47]
Linhardt, R.J.; Rice, K.G.; Kim, Y.S.; Lohse, D.L.; Wang, H.M.; Loganathan, D. Mapping and quantification of the major oligosaccharide components of heparin. Biochem. J., 1988, 254(3), 781-787.
[48]
Hileman, R.E.; Smith, A.E.; Toida, T.; Linhardt, R.J. Preparation and structure of heparin lyase-derived heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. Glycobiology, 1997, 7(2), 231-239.
[49]
Chuang, W.L.; McAllister, H.; Rabenstein, L. Chromatographic methods for product-profile analysis and isolation of oligosaccharides produced by heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization of heparin. J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 932(1-2), 65-74.
[50]
Guerrini, M.; Elli, S.; Gaudesi, D.; Torri, G.; Casu, B.; Mourier, P.; Herman, F.; Boudier, C.; Lorenz, M.; Viskov, C. Effects on molecular conformation and anticoagulant activities of 1,6-anhydrosugars at the reducing terminal of antithrombin-binding octasaccharides isolated from low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin. J. Med. Chem., 2010, 53(22), 8030-8040.
[51]
Vivès, R.R.; Goodger, S.; Pye, D.A. Combined strong anion-exchange HPLC and PAGE approach for the purification of heparan sulphate oligosaccharides. Biochem. J., 2001, 354(Pt 1), 141-147.
[52]
USP, General Chapter. 207 “Test for 1,6-anhydro derivative for enoxaparin sodium” in the Second Supplement USP 32– NF 27 2009.
[53]
Mourier, P.A.; Viskov, C. Chromatographic analysis and sequencing approach of heparin oligosaccharides using cetyltrimethylammonium dynamically coated stationary phases. Anal. Biochem., 2004, 332(2), 299-313.
[54]
Kitagawa, H.; Kinoshita, A.; Sugahara, K. Microanalysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived disaccharides labeled with the fluorophore 2-aminoacridone by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem., 1995, 232(1), 114-121.
[55]
Kinoshita, A.; Sugahara, K. Microanalysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived oligosaccharides labeled with a fluorophore 2-aminobenzamide by high-performance liquid chromatography: application to disaccharide composition analysis and exosequencing of oligosaccharides. Anal. Biochem., 1999, 269(2), 367-378.
[56]
Volpi, N. High-performance liquid chromatography and on-line mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of chondroitin sulfates/hyaluronan disaccharides derivatized with 2-aminoacridone. Anal. Biochem., 2010, 397(1), 12-23.
[57]
Lamari, F.; Theocharis, A.; Hjerpe, A.; Karamanos, N.K. Ultrasensitive capillary electrophoresis of sulfated disaccharides in chondroitin/dermatan sulfates by laser-induced fluorescence after derivatization with 2-aminoacridone. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl., 1999, 730(1), 129-133.
[58]
Oonuki, Y.; Yoshida, Y.; Uchiyama, Y.; Asari, A. Application of fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis to analysis of disaccharides and oligosaccharides derived from glycosaminoglycans. Anal. Biochem., 2005, 343(2), 212-222.
[59]
Kotani, N.; Takasaki, S. Analysis of 2-aminobenzamide-labeled oligosaccharides by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with fluorometric detection. Anal. Biochem., 1998, 264(1), 66-73.
[60]
Grey, C.; Edebrink, P.; Krook, M.; Jacobsson, S.P. Development of a high performance anion exchange chromatography analysis for mapping of oligosaccharides. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2009, 877(20-21), 1827-1832.
[61]
Toyoda, H.; Yamamoto, H.; Ogino, N.; Toida, T.; Imanari, T. Rapid and sensitive analysis of disaccharide composition in heparin and heparan sulfate by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography on a 2 μm porous silica gel column. J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 830(1), 197-201.
[62]
Karamanos, N.K.; Vanky, P.; Tzanakakis, G.N.; Tsegenidis, T.; Hjerpe, A. Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography for determining disaccharide composition in heparin and heparan sulphate. J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 765(2), 169-179.
[63]
Jones, C.J.; Beni, S.; Larive, C.K. Understanding the effect of the counterion on the reverse-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (RPIP-HPLC) resolution of heparin-related saccharide anomers. Anal. Chem., 2011, 83(17), 6762-6769.
[64]
Alekseeva, A.; Casu, B.; Torri, G.; Pierro, S.; Naggi, A. Profiling glycol-split heparins by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of their heparinase-generated oligosaccharides. Anal. Biochem., 2013, 434(1), 112-122.
[65]
Brustkern, A.M.; Buhse, L.F.; Nasr, M.; Al-Hakim, A.; Keire, D.A. Characterization of currently marketed heparin products: reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of heparin digests. Anal. Chem., 2010, 82(23), 9865-9870.
[66]
Kuberan, B.; Lech, M.; Zhang, L.; Wu, Z.L.; Beeler, D.L.; Rosenberg, R.D. Analysis of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides with ion pair-reverse phase capillary high performance liquid chromatography-microelectrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124(29), 8707-8718.
[67]
Galeotti, F.; Volpi, N. Online reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry separation and characterization of heparan sulfate, heparin, and low-molecular weight-heparin disaccharides derivatized with 2-aminoacridone. Anal. Chem., 2011, 83(17), 6770-6777.
[68]
Volpi, N. High-performance liquid chromatography and on-line mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of chondroitin sulfates/hyaluronan disaccharides derivatized with 2-aminoacridone. Anal. Biochem., 2010, 397(1), 12-23.
[69]
Galeotti, F.; Volpi, N. Novel reverse-phase ion pair-high performance liquid chromatography separation of heparin, heparan sulfate and low molecular weight-heparins disaccharides and oligosaccharides. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 1284, 141-147.
[70]
Li, D.; Chi, L.; Jin, L.; Xu, X.; Du, X.; Ji, S.; Chi, L. Mapping of low molecular weight heparins using reversed phase ion pair liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Carbohydr. Polym., 2014, 99, 339-344.
[71]
Thanawiroon, C.; Rice, K.G.; Toida, T.; Linhardt, R.J. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry sequencing approach for highly sulfated heparin-derived oligosaccharides. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279(4), 2608-2615.
[72]
Li, G.; Yang, B.; Li, L.; Zhang, F.; Xue, C.; Linhardt, R.J. Analysis of 3-O-sulfo group-containing heparin tetrasaccharides in heparin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem., 2014, 455, 3-9.
[73]
Chai, W.; Luo, J.; Lim, C.K.; Lawson, A.M. Characterization of heparin oligosaccharide mixtures as ammonium salts using electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 1998, 70(10), 2060-2066.
[74]
Abzalimov, R.R.; Dubin, P.L.; Kaltashov, I.A. Glycosaminoglycans as naturally occurring combinatorial libraries: developing a mass spectrometry-based strategy for characterization of anti-thrombin interaction with low molecular weight heparin and heparin oligomers. Anal. Chem., 2007, 79(16), 6055-6063.
[75]
Zamfir, A.; Seidler, D.G.; Schönherr, E.; Kresse, H.; Peter-Katalinić, J. On-line sheathless capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. Electrophoresis, 2004, 25(13), 2010-2016.
[76]
Laremore, T.N.; Linhardt, R.J. Improved matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides as cesium salts. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2007, 21(7), 1315-1320.
[77]
Laremore, T.N.; Murugesan, S.; Park, T.J.; Avci, F.Y.; Zagorevski, D.V.; Linhardt, R.J. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of uncomplexed highly sulfated oligosaccharides using ionic liquid matrices. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(6), 1774-1779.
[78]
Pope, R.M.; Raska, C.S.; Thorp, S.C.; Liu, J. Analysis of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides by nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Glycobiology, 2001, 11(6), 505-513.
[79]
Solakyildirim, K.; Zhang, Z.; Linhardt, R.J. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry for chondroitin disaccharide analysis. Anal. Biochem., 2010, 397(1), 24-28.
[80]
Xu, X.; Li, D.; Chi, L.; Du, X.; Bai, X.; Chi, L. Fragment profiling of low molecular weight heparins using reversed phase ion pair liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Carbohydr. Res., 2015, 407, 26-33.
[81]
Li, H.; Wickramasekara, S.; Nemes, P. One-hour screening of adulterated heparin by simplified peroxide digestion and fast RPIP-LC-MS(2). Anal. Chem., 2015, 87(16), 8424-8432.
[82]
Yang, B.; Weyers, A.; Baik, J.Y.; Sterner, E.; Sharfstein, S.; Mousa, S.A.; Zhang, F.; Dordick, J.S.; Linhardt, R.J. Ultra-performance ion-pairing liquid chromatography with on-line electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry for heparin disaccharide analysis. Anal. Biochem., 2011, 415(1), 59-66.
[83]
Noga, S.; Bocian, S.; Buszewski, B. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography columns classification by effect of solvation and chemometric methods. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 1278, 89-97.
[84]
Takegawa, Y.; Araki, K.; Fujitani, N.; Furukawa, J.; Sugiyama, H.; Sakai, H.; Shinohara, Y. Simultaneous analysis of heparan sulfate, chondroitin/dermatan sulfates, and hyaluronan disaccharides by glycoblotting-assisted sample preparation followed by single-step zwitter-ionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal. Chem., 2011, 83(24), 9443-9449.
[85]
Zaia, J. On-line separations combined with MS for analysis of glycosaminoglycans. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2009, 28(2), 254-272.
[86]
Szumski, M.; Kłodzińska, E.; Dziubakiewicz, E.; Hrynkiewicz, K.; Buszewski, B. Effect of applied voltage on viability of bacteria during separation under electrophoretic conditions. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 2011, 34(20), 2689-2698.
[87]
Buszewski, B.; Dziubakiewicz, E.; Szumski, M. Electromigration Techniques; Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.
[88]
Calcerrada, M.; González-Herráez, M.; García-Ruiz, C. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis instrumentation for the analysis of explosives. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 75, 75-85.
[89]
Mardis, E.R. Next-generation sequencing platforms. Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. (Palo Alto, Calif.), 2013, 6(1), 287-303.
[90]
Ucakturk, E.; Cai, C.; Li, L.; Li, G.; Zhang, F.; Linhardt, R.J. Capillary electrophoresis for total glycosaminoglycan analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2014, 406(19), 4617-4626.
[91]
Militsopoulou, M.; Lamari, F.N.; Hjerpe, A.; Karamanos, N.K. Determination of twelve heparin- and heparan sulfate-derived disaccharides as 2-aminoacridone derivatives by capillary zone electrophoresis using ultraviolet and laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis, 2002, 23(7-8), 1104-1109.
[92]
Volpi, N.; Maccari, F.; Linhardt, R.J. Quantitative capillary electrophoresis determination of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate as a contaminant in heparin preparations. Anal. Biochem., 2009, 388(1), 140-145.
[93]
King, J.T.; Desai, U.R. A capillary electrophoretic method for fingerprinting low molecular weight heparins. Anal. Biochem., 2008, 380(2), 229-234.
[94]
Volpi, N.; Maccari, F.; Suwan, J.; Linhardt, R.J. Electrophoresis for the analysis of heparin purity and quality. Electrophoresis, 2012, 33(11), 1531-1537.
[95]
Militsopoulou, M.; Lecomte, C.; Bayle, C.; Couderc, F.; Karamanos, N.K. Laser-induced fluorescence as a powerful detection tool for capillary electrophoretic analysis of heparin/heparan sulfate disaccharides. Biomed. Chromatogr., 2003, 17(1), 39-41.
[96]
Chang, Y.; Yang, B.; Zhao, X.; Linhardt, R.J. Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived disaccharides by capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal. Biochem., 2012, 427(1), 91-98.
[97]
Hitchcock, A.M.; Bowman, M.J.; Staples, G.O.; Zaia, J. Improved workup for glycosaminoglycan disaccharide analysis using CE with LIF detection. Electrophoresis, 2008, 29(22), 4538-4548.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version464msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[02:57:59] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[02:57:59] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[02:57:59] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (139ms)time
  • Application (325ms)time
  • 1 x Application (70.11%)
    325ms
    1 x Booting (29.89%)
    139ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    41 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 37 unique. Show only duplicated234ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309686912','',1,1739847479,1739847479) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739847479
      980μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309686912','/article/86213/cn',1,1739847479,1739847479)
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309686912 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309686912) limit 1
      14.7msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 309686912
      • 1: 309686912
      • 2: 309686912
      • 3: 309686912
      • 4: 309686912
      • 5: 309686912
      • 6: 309686912
      • 7: 309686912
      • 8: 309686912
      • 9: 309686912
      • 10: 309686912
      • 11: 309686912
      • 12: 309686912
      • 13: 309686912
      • 14: 309686912
      • 15: 309686912
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=86213
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 25 limit 1
      830μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 25
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=25) and sj.journal_id!=25 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.41msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=25) and sj.journal_id!=25 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      1.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=25) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      3.47msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=25) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      2.89msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '86213'
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '86213'
      880μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '86213' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.61msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 25 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      32.48msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 25 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      40.99msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 25 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      86.58msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 86213 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 86213 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 283 and cd.sub_disease_id = 587 and content_id!=86213 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      18.44msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 156220 limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 156220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CMC' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CMC
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '86213' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '8984' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2572' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2572) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2572) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2572)
      4.93msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 8984) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 8984) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 8984)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 86213) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 86213) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309686912 and j.to_ip >=309686912 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847479 and j.to_date >= 1739847479 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 86213)
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '166' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 8984 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 166
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '176' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 8984 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      460μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 176
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'cn'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2486
      Bindings
      • 0: cn
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2486
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 2
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2487
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `multilanguage_article` where (`language_id` = 2 and `article_id` = 86213)
      5.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2488
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      • 1: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2488
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `keyword` from `multilanguage_keywords` where (`language_id` = 2 and `article_id` = 86213)
      2.5msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2489
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      • 1: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2489
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ', ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs , `au`.*, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `multilanguage_authors` as `au` left join `multilanguage_author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = 86213 group by `au`.`id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      3.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLangAuthor.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLangAuthor.php:30
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2493
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `multilanguage_journal`.`title` from `multilanguage_journal` where `multilanguage_journal`.`journal_id` = 25 and `language_id` = 2
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2495
      Bindings
      • 0: 25
      • 1: 2
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2495
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 86213 limit 1
      1.36msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 86213
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 25 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847479 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847479 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 25
      • 3: 1739847479
      • 4: 1739847479
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 25 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847479 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847479 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 25
      • 3: 1739847479
      • 4: 1739847479
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='493249574ca701f0d9668e358778547d'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLangArticle
    2MultiLangArticle.php#?
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        GuTv5rxoYkPaDEfDnGdcB6X2Ot4jKTyfX0TElz26
        uc_cart_id
        493249574ca701f0d9668e358778547d
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/86213/cn" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/86213/cn
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_gid=GA1.2.568414319.1739847465; _gat=1; _ga_9F3B5VV3T3=GS1.1.1739847464.1.0.1739847464.60.0.0; _ga=GA1.1.1258974621.1739847465; wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlBrTmpENXpYYUc2Vk1wRzhZMUVMTFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOHcxcUdVUktXcFZlV0VOMmZMdWppN0lmNUo4a1BzYlk5UGd5RjErK2dhTT0iLCJtYWMiOiJmNzFhNDg4NmM5NmI2NmFmZWU1ODBhMGVjNjE2ZWJmNzQ5YTAyMTRhYzBjZmRmYjUzZGFjZjgyZDM5YTlmZGM2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_gid=GA1.2.568414319.1739847465; _gat=1; _ga_9F3B5VV3T3=GS1.1.1739847464.1.0.1739847464.60.0.0; _ga=GA1.1.1258974621.1739847465; wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlBrTmp" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_gid" => null "_gat" => null "_ga_9F3B5VV3T3" => null "_ga" => null "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 02:57:59 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldGR1Fwak1rLzJJWm9EQTYrNnM0cWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUHU1L1ZETDFhc2hza2p1MGhEdCtsdVI4bUczcHZzdFE3dE9YNHVlS0xEemRzNzdUNmVRdTdrVmRyakhoelRTZzNBRnJJdlFqZFlmdEdzdExwRnpMaHl0eE91c2thcWwwYnRuMHBFb0xadmtrZWFuTlhobkxtODl6NkxwY0xEYW8iLCJtYWMiOiIwZDc3MzUwZDQ4ODM3MTY4M2M1YzkwNDhiZmJlODBjM2E2NThkZGY5YTI0Y2E1NjNjYWNhN2RmN2NjZDEyMDE2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:57:59 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldGR1Fwak1rLzJJWm9EQTYrNnM0cWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUHU1L1ZETDFhc2hza2p1MGhEdCtsdVI4bUczcHZzdFE3dE9YNHVlS0xEemRzNzdUNmVRdTdrVmRyakhoelRTZzNBRnJJd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImV4Mi8zbDhDTXZ1V2U3dDQ1cmFXZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWmlXVEdLbm5iZzAwSmo1SGNBcmY2b3lZNkNVOVFHNmpQWUtRd2FaVE5hWkErRDRuZzJDMFVkTDF6QVMvVGJBUUpGZ04zMnQydDZramV2QXoxVnNqcXMrUHUraGFjQ0h0S05QV0xJUkFjSUttT0l5ZHptZ2xFMFpSRHFQWlQ1MGciLCJtYWMiOiJjMzhhMmZmMTNkZTYwNWNlNWNmMWEzNmQwZmFmODRjMzBjYTA3YzRmZTMwNTY2ZmQ3MjAwMmQ4NTA3NTkwOGE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImV4Mi8zbDhDTXZ1V2U3dDQ1cmFXZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWmlXVEdLbm5iZzAwSmo1SGNBcmY2b3lZNkNVOVFHNmpQWUtRd2FaVE5hWkErRDRuZzJDMFVkTDF" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldGR1Fwak1rLzJJWm9EQTYrNnM0cWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUHU1L1ZETDFhc2hza2p1MGhEdCtsdVI4bUczcHZzdFE3dE9YNHVlS0xEemRzNzdUNmVRdTdrVmRyakhoelRTZzNBRnJJdlFqZFlmdEdzdExwRnpMaHl0eE91c2thcWwwYnRuMHBFb0xadmtrZWFuTlhobkxtODl6NkxwY0xEYW8iLCJtYWMiOiIwZDc3MzUwZDQ4ODM3MTY4M2M1YzkwNDhiZmJlODBjM2E2NThkZGY5YTI0Y2E1NjNjYWNhN2RmN2NjZDEyMDE2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 14:57:59 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldGR1Fwak1rLzJJWm9EQTYrNnM0cWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUHU1L1ZETDFhc2hza2p1MGhEdCtsdVI4bUczcHZzdFE3dE9YNHVlS0xEemRzNzdUNmVRdTdrVmRyakhoelRTZzNBRnJJd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImV4Mi8zbDhDTXZ1V2U3dDQ1cmFXZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWmlXVEdLbm5iZzAwSmo1SGNBcmY2b3lZNkNVOVFHNmpQWUtRd2FaVE5hWkErRDRuZzJDMFVkTDF6QVMvVGJBUUpGZ04zMnQydDZramV2QXoxVnNqcXMrUHUraGFjQ0h0S05QV0xJUkFjSUttT0l5ZHptZ2xFMFpSRHFQWlQ1MGciLCJtYWMiOiJjMzhhMmZmMTNkZTYwNWNlNWNmMWEzNmQwZmFmODRjMzBjYTA3YzRmZTMwNTY2ZmQ3MjAwMmQ4NTA3NTkwOGE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImV4Mi8zbDhDTXZ1V2U3dDQ1cmFXZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWmlXVEdLbm5iZzAwSmo1SGNBcmY2b3lZNkNVOVFHNmpQWUtRd2FaVE5hWkErRDRuZzJDMFVkTDF" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "GuTv5rxoYkPaDEfDnGdcB6X2Ot4jKTyfX0TElz26" "uc_cart_id" => "493249574ca701f0d9668e358778547d" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/86213/cn" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:57:59GET/article/86213/cn314413